Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such a...Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such accidents and then handle them quickly and correctly.The aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation index system and to use appropriate methods to investigate emergency-response classifications to fatal traffic accidents in Chinese urban areas.This study used a multilevel hierarchical structural model to determine emergency-response classification.In the model,accident attributes,urban road network vulnerability,and institutional resilience were used as classification criteria.Each evaluation indicator was selected according to importance ranking and independence screening and was given an interpretation and a quantitative criterion.The Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to rank the importance of the evaluation indices and the combined weight of each index was calculated using the G1 method.Finally,the case of a fatal traffic accident was used to validate the model.The results showed that the multilevel hierarchical structural model,Fuzzy Delphi Method,and G1 method can effectively address the problem of emergency-response classification.Because of its simplicity and adaptability,the approach presented here could be useful for decisionmakers and practitioners for determining emergency-response classifications.展开更多
A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enha...A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enhance the scientificity of geoscience popularization and interpretation.In turn,it can promote the development of geosciences,technologies and other related disciplines.The purpose of this study is to define the concept of scientific展开更多
Purpose: This study aims to discuss the strategies for mapping from Dewey Decimal Classification(DDC) numbers to Chinese Library Classification(CLC) numbers based on co-occurrence mapping while minimizing manual inter...Purpose: This study aims to discuss the strategies for mapping from Dewey Decimal Classification(DDC) numbers to Chinese Library Classification(CLC) numbers based on co-occurrence mapping while minimizing manual intervention.Design/methodology/approach: Several statistical tables were created based on frequency counts of the mapping relations with samples of USMARC records,which contain both DDC and CLC numbers. A manual table was created through direct mapping. In order to find reasonable mapping strategies,the mapping results were compared from three aspects including the sample size,the choice between one-to-one and one-to-multiple mapping relations,and the role of a manual mapping table.Findings: Larger sample size provides more DDC numbers in the mapping table. The statistical table including one-to-multiple DDC-CLC relations provides a higher ratio of correct matches than that including only one-to-one relations. The manual mapping table cannot produce a better result than the statistical tables. Therefore,we should make full use of statistical mapping tables and avoid the time-consuming manual mapping as much as possible.Research limitations: All the sample sizes were small. We did not consider DDC editions in our study. One-to-multiple DDC-CLC relations in the records were collected in the mapping table,but how to select one appropriate CLC number in the matching process needs to be further studied.Practical implications: The ratio of correct matches based on the statistical mapping table came up to about 90% by CLC top-level classes and 76% by the second-level classes in our study. The statistical mapping table will be improved to realize the automatic classification of e-resources and shorten the cataloging cycle significantly.Originality/value: The mapping results were investigated from different aspects in order to find suitable mapping strategies from DDC to CLC while minimizing manual intervention.The findings have facilitated the establishment of DDC-CLC mapping system for practical applications.展开更多
Rice bran oil is a healthy oil from many aspects.The oil has a balanced fatty acid profile comparing with many other vegetable oils.The key difference is the minor components or micronutrients or unsaponifiable matter...Rice bran oil is a healthy oil from many aspects.The oil has a balanced fatty acid profile comparing with many other vegetable oils.The key difference is the minor components or micronutrients or unsaponifiable matters contained in the oil that are very special and in larger percentages.The oil contains more than 1.5%oryzanol that gives nutritional and pharmaceutical functions from the studies so far.More studies are needed to demonstrate the wide functions in many aspects.The oil also contains large percentage of phytosterols which received huge amount of studies for nutritional applications.Furthermore,the oil contains tocopherols and tocotrienols,in which for the later particularly it gives many special functions including prevention of breast cancers for example.When the oil is properly processed and used in foods,those functions are more and more demonstrated in nutritional or biological studies.Thus the oil in food and pharmaceutical applications is in exploring both in academic studies and industrial practice.In this work,an overview of such progress is given.展开更多
基于《中国图书馆分类法》(下简称《中图法》)的文献深层分类蕴含着两个经典的自然语言处理问题:极限多标签文本分类(Extreme Multi-label Text Classification,XMC)和层次文本分类(Hierarchical Text Classification,HTC)。然而目前基...基于《中国图书馆分类法》(下简称《中图法》)的文献深层分类蕴含着两个经典的自然语言处理问题:极限多标签文本分类(Extreme Multi-label Text Classification,XMC)和层次文本分类(Hierarchical Text Classification,HTC)。然而目前基于《中图法》的文献分类研究普遍将其视为普通的文本分类问题,由于没有充分挖掘问题的核心特点,这些研究在深层分类上的效果普遍不理想甚至不可行。相较于同类研究,本文基于对《中图法》文献分类特点和难点的深入分析,从XMC和HTC两个角度对基于《中图法》的文献深层分类和相关的解决方案进行了考察和研究,并针对该场景下的特点进行应用和创新,不仅提高了分类的准确度,还扩展了分类的深度和广度。本文模型首先通过适用于XMC问题的轻量深度学习模型提取了文本的语义特征作为分类的基础依据,而后针对《中图法》分类中的HTC问题,利用LTR(Learning to Rank)框架融入包括层级结构信息等多元特征作为分类的辅助依据,极大化地挖掘了蕴含在文本语义及分类体系中的信息和知识。本模型兼具深度学习模型强大的语义理解能力与机器学习模型的可解释性,同时具备良好的可扩展性,后期可较为便捷地融入专家定制的新特征进行提高,并且模型较为轻量,可在有限计算资源下轻松应对数万级别的分类标签,为基于《中图法》的全深度分类奠定良好的基础。展开更多
This paper explores some problems concerning ancient Chinese classical linguistics. It is maintained that there are both similarities and obvious differences between it and western philology. The development of ancien...This paper explores some problems concerning ancient Chinese classical linguistics. It is maintained that there are both similarities and obvious differences between it and western philology. The development of ancient Chinese linguistics from the Pre-Qin Period to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into five stages: the embryonic stage, the stage for laying the foundation, the preparatory stage, the stage of growth, and the stage of overall revival and prosperity. The literature produced during this period can be grouped in six categories: gloss exegesis, orthographical form and meaning, phonological form and meaning, historical phonology, grammar on function words, and rhetoric. It is pointed out that, in researching the theoretical history of ancient Chinese linguistics, great importance should be attached to the consistency between history and theoretical logic, cultural background as reference, and textual research methodology.展开更多
基金supported by the Fifth 333 High-Level Talents Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant BRA2017443the Key Research Base of Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science under Grant 2018ZDJD-B007.
文摘Fatal traffic accidents in urban areas can adversely affect the urban road traffic system and pose many challenges for urban traffic management.Therefore,it is necessary to first classify emergency responses to such accidents and then handle them quickly and correctly.The aim of this paper is to develop an evaluation index system and to use appropriate methods to investigate emergency-response classifications to fatal traffic accidents in Chinese urban areas.This study used a multilevel hierarchical structural model to determine emergency-response classification.In the model,accident attributes,urban road network vulnerability,and institutional resilience were used as classification criteria.Each evaluation indicator was selected according to importance ranking and independence screening and was given an interpretation and a quantitative criterion.The Fuzzy Delphi Method was used to rank the importance of the evaluation indices and the combined weight of each index was calculated using the G1 method.Finally,the case of a fatal traffic accident was used to validate the model.The results showed that the multilevel hierarchical structural model,Fuzzy Delphi Method,and G1 method can effectively address the problem of emergency-response classification.Because of its simplicity and adaptability,the approach presented here could be useful for decisionmakers and practitioners for determining emergency-response classifications.
文摘A geopark is a scientific theme park with the main body of geoheritage and is usually of significance of scientific research.Scientific research on geoparks may provide a sound basis for geoheritage conservation; enhance the scientificity of geoscience popularization and interpretation.In turn,it can promote the development of geosciences,technologies and other related disciplines.The purpose of this study is to define the concept of scientific
基金jointly supported by the Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Chinese Ministryof Education(Grant No.:11BTQ007)Shanghai Society for Library Science(Grant No.:10BSTX02)
文摘Purpose: This study aims to discuss the strategies for mapping from Dewey Decimal Classification(DDC) numbers to Chinese Library Classification(CLC) numbers based on co-occurrence mapping while minimizing manual intervention.Design/methodology/approach: Several statistical tables were created based on frequency counts of the mapping relations with samples of USMARC records,which contain both DDC and CLC numbers. A manual table was created through direct mapping. In order to find reasonable mapping strategies,the mapping results were compared from three aspects including the sample size,the choice between one-to-one and one-to-multiple mapping relations,and the role of a manual mapping table.Findings: Larger sample size provides more DDC numbers in the mapping table. The statistical table including one-to-multiple DDC-CLC relations provides a higher ratio of correct matches than that including only one-to-one relations. The manual mapping table cannot produce a better result than the statistical tables. Therefore,we should make full use of statistical mapping tables and avoid the time-consuming manual mapping as much as possible.Research limitations: All the sample sizes were small. We did not consider DDC editions in our study. One-to-multiple DDC-CLC relations in the records were collected in the mapping table,but how to select one appropriate CLC number in the matching process needs to be further studied.Practical implications: The ratio of correct matches based on the statistical mapping table came up to about 90% by CLC top-level classes and 76% by the second-level classes in our study. The statistical mapping table will be improved to realize the automatic classification of e-resources and shorten the cataloging cycle significantly.Originality/value: The mapping results were investigated from different aspects in order to find suitable mapping strategies from DDC to CLC while minimizing manual intervention.The findings have facilitated the establishment of DDC-CLC mapping system for practical applications.
文摘Rice bran oil is a healthy oil from many aspects.The oil has a balanced fatty acid profile comparing with many other vegetable oils.The key difference is the minor components or micronutrients or unsaponifiable matters contained in the oil that are very special and in larger percentages.The oil contains more than 1.5%oryzanol that gives nutritional and pharmaceutical functions from the studies so far.More studies are needed to demonstrate the wide functions in many aspects.The oil also contains large percentage of phytosterols which received huge amount of studies for nutritional applications.Furthermore,the oil contains tocopherols and tocotrienols,in which for the later particularly it gives many special functions including prevention of breast cancers for example.When the oil is properly processed and used in foods,those functions are more and more demonstrated in nutritional or biological studies.Thus the oil in food and pharmaceutical applications is in exploring both in academic studies and industrial practice.In this work,an overview of such progress is given.
文摘基于《中国图书馆分类法》(下简称《中图法》)的文献深层分类蕴含着两个经典的自然语言处理问题:极限多标签文本分类(Extreme Multi-label Text Classification,XMC)和层次文本分类(Hierarchical Text Classification,HTC)。然而目前基于《中图法》的文献分类研究普遍将其视为普通的文本分类问题,由于没有充分挖掘问题的核心特点,这些研究在深层分类上的效果普遍不理想甚至不可行。相较于同类研究,本文基于对《中图法》文献分类特点和难点的深入分析,从XMC和HTC两个角度对基于《中图法》的文献深层分类和相关的解决方案进行了考察和研究,并针对该场景下的特点进行应用和创新,不仅提高了分类的准确度,还扩展了分类的深度和广度。本文模型首先通过适用于XMC问题的轻量深度学习模型提取了文本的语义特征作为分类的基础依据,而后针对《中图法》分类中的HTC问题,利用LTR(Learning to Rank)框架融入包括层级结构信息等多元特征作为分类的辅助依据,极大化地挖掘了蕴含在文本语义及分类体系中的信息和知识。本模型兼具深度学习模型强大的语义理解能力与机器学习模型的可解释性,同时具备良好的可扩展性,后期可较为便捷地融入专家定制的新特征进行提高,并且模型较为轻量,可在有限计算资源下轻松应对数万级别的分类标签,为基于《中图法》的全深度分类奠定良好的基础。
文摘This paper explores some problems concerning ancient Chinese classical linguistics. It is maintained that there are both similarities and obvious differences between it and western philology. The development of ancient Chinese linguistics from the Pre-Qin Period to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into five stages: the embryonic stage, the stage for laying the foundation, the preparatory stage, the stage of growth, and the stage of overall revival and prosperity. The literature produced during this period can be grouped in six categories: gloss exegesis, orthographical form and meaning, phonological form and meaning, historical phonology, grammar on function words, and rhetoric. It is pointed out that, in researching the theoretical history of ancient Chinese linguistics, great importance should be attached to the consistency between history and theoretical logic, cultural background as reference, and textual research methodology.
