Comparing Three of the Leadership Theories: Leader-Member Exchange Theory,transformational Leadership and Team Leadership

Leadership is a complex process.It is one of the most researched areas around the world.It has gained importance in every walk of life from politics to business and from education to social organizations.According to the study of"Leadership in Adult Education Venues",here has a much more clear recognition of leadership:leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.There are many approaches of leadership throughout the study of this class,the three theories of leadership I choose to describe in this paper are:Leader-Member Exchange(LMX)Theory,Transformational Leadership,and Team Leadership.

Leadership theory in clinical practice

In current clinical settings, effective clinical leadership ensures a high-quality health care system that consistently provides safe and efficient care. It is useful, then, for health care professionals to be able to identify the leadership styles and theories relevant to their nursing practice. Being adept in recognizing these styles not only enables nurses to develop their skills to become better leaders but also improves relationships with colleagues and leaders who have previously been challenging to work with. This article aims to use different leadership theories to interpret a common scenario in clinical settings in order to improve leadership effectiveness. Ultimately, it is found that different leadership styles are needed for different situations, and leaders should know which approach is most effective in a given scenario to achieve the organization's goals.

Resolving the“Matteo Ricci Puzzle”:Top-Level Design of the Grand Canal of China Based on the Ternary Leadership Theory

Guided by the ternary leadership theory from the perspective of social psychology,this paper explores the impacts of authoritarian,benevolent,and moral leadership on the top design of the Grand Canal of China in terms of its water management practice,while providing reference for resolving the“Matteo Ricci Puzzle”.The research findings are threefold:first,authoritarian as it is,the central government of China formulates relevant laws and regulations to provide legal system insurance for the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt,thus providing the blueprint for constructing the“bright cultural belt,green ecological belt and colorful tourism belt of the Grand Canal”.Second,led by the Central Government,sticking to benevolent and moral leadership,China advocates scientific water management concepts and methods,and gives long-term and comprehensive care to the well-being of the people along the banks of the Grand Canal.Finally,the top-level design of the Grand Canal of China is based on the ternary leadership theory rooted in social psychology and has formulated a set of properly-scheduled,reasonably-coordinated,and flexibly-operated management system for the fundamental interests of the people and long-term goals of the country.

The Importance of Adopting Leadership Concepts inCommunicating Medicinal Culture of Chinese Medicine in theWestern World

Cultures are beliefs, knowledge, and languages people use to communicate with others. In the same rationale, the communication betweenChinese and Western medicinal cultures is the communication between two medicinal beliefs, knowledge, and languages. In this article,the key components of Chinese and Western cultures will be discussed to lay the foundations for better communication of TraditionalChinese Medicine (TCM) in the Western world. Besides the discussion of similarities and differences between the two cultures, the potentialof being complementary to each other in practices will be explored. Moreover, in this article, using key leadership skills to enable bettercommunication and practices of TCM in the Western world will be examined as well.

Integrating Activity-Based Costing （ABC） and Theory of Constraint （TOC） for Improved and Sustained Cost Management

Implementing effective cost management approaches has recently gained momentum due to intense competition and increasing customer demands. Moreover, effective cost management approaches have contributed to firms＇ competitive advantage in relation to cost leadership strategy. Consequently, firms have implemented contemporary cost management systems, such as activity-based management, business process re-engineering, life-cycle costing, target costing, and theory of constraint （TOC）, to enable them to become low-cost producers and compete effectively and sustain their performance. Furthermore, focusing on cost management to improve profitability has led to the integration of activity-based costing （ABC） and TOC. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review literature and discuss how integration of ABC and TOC can result in improved and sustained cost management. While these methods have different approaches in addressing cost management, treating them as complementary cost management approaches can result in improved cost management due to improved product costing, improved cost reporting, improved product-mix decisions, and improved cycle-time management. Improvement in cost management will then result in sustained cost management. Sustained cost management is further enhanced with the investment in information customer and shareholder value technology that supports cross-functional decision making to continue creating to remain competitive in the market.

The Impacts of Leadership Styles on the Overall Performance of the Educational Establishments

This paper explores profoundly the ramifications of leadership styles on the whole of performance of educational organizations.First of all,it defines the concepts of leadership and management from different perspectives and points out the differences between them to highlight their impacts on the educational organizations performance and achievement.As well,it presents a plethora of leadership theories as they are the bases for leadership styles as each style is built on a certain theory.Furthermore,this paper states certain principles that lay out the practicalities of shaping a successful leader.Besides,it debates the decisive roles of leadership styles in creating a practical positive culture that provides the educational process with a clear vision and mission for guiding its teaching and administrative staffs to achieve their objectives and improve their potentials and capabilities.Moreover,the paper discusses the effects of leadership on the teaching and learning process in terms of creativity and development.Additionally,it points out leadership role in the teaching staff’s productivity,job satisfaction,loyalty,and profession development.Simultaneously,this paper discusses the influences of leadership styles students’attainments and management in the educational process.Furthermore,the research paper investigates the flaws of leadership and their repercussions on educational process and the ways of readdressing them.

Relational Leadership:Promoting Lifelong Service and Meaningful Learning

In 2015,a university in rural Maryland offered an undergraduate service-learning leadership course,which collaborated with a service-learning community of practice.This interdisciplinary leadership course initiated and sustained personal and critical reflection and social interactions by integrating Computer-Medicated Communication(CMC)technology through Blackboard to provide support to students as they interpreted their service experiences.The design of this study was to describe the perceptions of the service-learning students’use of CMC technology to reflect on their service experience and social interactions within the service-learning community.In this descriptive case study,the in-depth content analyses of collected data from private journals and public discussions in Blackboard led to the distribution of a questionnaire to all participants and the execution of interviews regarding the participants’lived experiences.Once the participants responded,the researcher transcribed and assessed the results,coded emerging themes,and analyzed the trends.The triangulation of sources maintained the reliability of the findings,which demonstrated increased student engagement as result of social interactions and reflection in Blackboard.As the participants shared their lived experiences,they predominantly reflected on their personal growth and development,a strong community of practice,the value of relationships,and how technology enhanced their communication.

The Role of Trait Activation Theory in Occupational Behavior:A Systematic Review

The Trait Activation Theory(TAT)is widely regarded as the most influential personality theory approach in psychology.The purpose of this study is to analyze the TAT’s role in the contemporary workplace.Which personality traits are more likely to predict work success?Which characteristics should businesses prioritize throughout the recruiting and selection processes?According to the Trait Activation Theory,what is the significance of motivation in the workplace and how can employers find employees who can be more productive,efficient,and involved in the organization’s goals?A systematic review of past recent research was used to answer the questions raised above.Following the gathering and examination of multiple recent publications on the issue,it was determined that the use of this model had a favorable impact on individual and group performance,working relationships,manager job performance,and workplace creativity.

Efficiency of Managers as Role Models:A Social Learning Theory Perspective

This systematic literature review aimed to analyze and synthesize studies that indicated the importance of behavioral observation in the organizational context.Based on Social Learning Theory and by considering relevant recent findings and theories,the impact of managers as role models for employees is researched and analyzed.The importance of this topic is to determine ways that learning and enhancing performance in the workplace can be applied for people management development.The literature for theory was numerous,however studies on the particular topic were limited and not expanded in the organizational context.The key message of this review is that the impact of managers and leaders can be positive and progressive both for the employees and for the organization.

Organizational Psychology in the 21st Century: The Big Five Theory Contribution in the Modern Workplace

The Big Five Theory is considered as the most prominent personality theoretical approach in psychology.This paper aims to discuss the contribution of the Big Five Theory in the modern workplace.Which personality traits are more predictive for job performance?Which traits should organizations take more in consideration during recruitment and selection processes?What is the meaning of motivation in the workplace and how employers could locate individuals who can be more productive,efficient,and engaged to the organization’s goals according to the Big Five personality model?The above questions are answered through the systematic review of previous contemporary studies.After the collection and review of several recent publications,regarding this subject,it was concluded that the application of this model positively affects employees’and group performance,working relationships,managers’work performance as well as innovation in workplace.

Organizational Leadership in a Postmodern World： Practical Implications for Contemporary Religious Leaders

We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation（s）. The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism： its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders： （1） increased use of personal narrative, （2） removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and （3） increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.

多层次领导力发展模型的构建及其有效性检验——基于扎根理论的探索性研究

领导力发展对企业人力资源开发和领导者培养至关重要,而关于领导力发展的具体内容和如何验证发展结果的有效性,一直存有争议。采用扎根理论的研究方法,对正在进行领导力发展计划的A企业进行深度访谈和现场研究,构建了一个多层次视角的领导力发展模型。该模型基于发展自我、发展团队、发展组织的多层次视角,提出了领导力的发展内容包括做人、做事、发展下属、凝聚团队、组织管理、业绩管理六个核心要素。进一步将该模型与“方向-协作-承诺”模型(DAC模型)做对比分析,研究结果表明“发展自我”激发承诺,“发展团队”产生方向、协作和承诺,“发展组织”促进方向和协作,从而验证了该领导力发展模型的有效性。

哈佛案例教学:历史回溯、特点探析与方法借鉴

哈佛案例教学法强调以学生为中心,逻辑清晰、内容丰富。教师通过对学生的引导,鼓励学生理论联系实际,开展更深层、更高阶的思考,并主动寻找最佳解决方案。通过分析哈佛案例教学法150多年求新求变的发展历程与优势特色,探究哈佛案例教学法“Plan—Do—Check—Act”的实施流程和关键环节,深入解析哈佛案例教学过程中自由发言的平等性、课堂研讨的竞争性、授课过程的务实性和教学成果的实用性等特点,并结合国内案例教学现状,提出了借鉴哈佛案例教学经验的关键点,旨在提升我国案例教学水平和师生素养。

分享还是沉默?参与型领导对员工知识隐藏的非线性影响研究

在工作组织中,面对领导、同事的知识请求,员工故意隐藏知识的现象十分常见,而知识隐藏行为并不利于组织发展。虽然参与型领导能够鼓励员工建言和参与管理,但同时该领导风格赋予员工相应的角色期望与角色压力。参与型领导能否有效抑制员工的知识隐藏行为,以及存在何种边界机制有待揭示。基于角色理论和激活理论,以327份员工有效问卷作为样本,运用Mplus3.0和Tableau进行数据分析。研究结果表明,参与型领导显著降低员工的知识隐藏行为,但当参与型领导风格过于凸显时,员工感知的角色压力持续上升,员工知识隐藏行为被重新激活;组织支持感在参与型领导与员工角色压力、知识隐藏之间起负向调节作用。研究结果揭示了参与型领导对员工知识隐藏的非线性影响机制,以期在组织管理中提供参考。

基于变革型领导力理论构建护士长领导力培训指标体系的研究

目的基于变革型领导力理论构建护士长领导力培训指标体系,为提高护士长变革型领导力提供培训参考。方法基于变革型领导力理论,结合半结构式访谈结果及文献分析,拟订护士长变革型领导力培训课程初稿,对山东省16名护理管理、教学管理专家进行两轮函询,修订后形成护士长领导力培训指标体系。结果两轮问卷有效回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别为0.853、0.891,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.135、0.364;第2轮函询各条目的变异系数为0.000~0.156。最终确定的培训指标体系包含4个一级指标、13个二级指标和45个三级指标。结论护士长变革型领导力培训指标体系构建过程科学、可靠,内容全面,培训目标明确,能够满足护士长对变革型领导力的培训需求,可促进变革型领导力的发展。

双元工作压力情境下如何促进员工产生创新行为--基于模糊集的定性比较分析

基于组态视角与个人—环境匹配理论,以152名企业员工为研究对象,运用CiteSpace和fsQCA方法对企业中促进员工产生创新行为的影响因素进行组态分析。探究不同压力情境下变革型领导、知识共享和心理授权在员工创新行为产生过程中的差异机制。结果表明,当员工感知的压力为挑战性压力且非阻碍性压力时,企业管理者应采用变革型领导的方式,并且鼓励员工之间知识共享;当员工既感知到挑战性压力又感知到阻碍性压力时,企业管理者应采用变革型领导的方式,并且提高员工的心理授权。

自我领导力对大学生生涯适应力的影响——基于中介效应和调节效应的实证研究

随着大学生“就业难”问题的日益突出,培养大学生生涯适应能力,帮助其顺利实现从“象牙塔”到“职场”的过渡,具有重要的现实意义。以在校大学生为样本,基于生涯建构理论,探索自我领导力对生涯适应力的作用机制,验证专业承诺在该过程中的中介效应和社会支持的调节效应。研究结果表明:自我领导力对生涯适应力具有显著的正向影响;专业承诺在自我领导力与生涯适应力之间发挥部分中介作用;社会支持在自我领导力与生涯适应力之间发挥调节作用,在低社会支持群体中,自我领导力对生涯适应力的正向预测作用更强。为科学助推大学生生涯适应力的发展,高校应该充分尊重学生的主体性,重视大学生自我管理,培养大学生的自我领导力;关注学生专业意愿和学习兴趣,通过扩大高考自主招生比例、增加大学生转专业机会等手段提升大学生的专业承诺水平;高校在大学生生涯指导中实施分类管理,“因人而异”提供社会支持,促进大学生生涯发展的内外联动。

团队时间领导的概念内涵及其对团队和个体效能的影响机制

时间是组织中最为重要的无形资源。团队时间领导作为提升组织内部时间利用效率的关键因素,近年来深受关注。基于已有的研究发现,团队时间领导的概念内涵仍存在一定分歧、对团队和个体效能的作用机制探讨尤显不足。因此,本研究将紧密围绕“时间”这一内核,在明晰团队时间领导的概念内涵、开发本土化测量工具的基础上展开系列研究,探讨团队时间领导对团队和个体效能的多层次作用机制。该研究不仅能够对团队时间领导的理论发展做出显著贡献,也对团队及组织的时间管理具有重要的实践指导意义。

高管特征与企业生态创新:研究进展与述评

生态创新是实现经济增长与环境恶化之间脱钩,降低生产和消费对环境压力的重要方式。高层管理者及其团队是制定和实施生态创新战略的代表性群体。高阶理论能够解释不同类型高管特征对于企业生态创新的影响。围绕高管特征与企业生态创新,论文对国内外相关文献进行了系统梳理。结果发现:CEO的性别、受教育水平等人口统计学特征,性格、领导风格等心理认知因素对企业的生态创新具有影响作用,高管团队的构成、心理认同、内部协作、交互记忆等也对企业生态创新产生影响;环境注意力、研发投入、吸收能力等变量在高管特征对企业生态创新的影响过程中起到中介作用;高管特征对企业生态创新的影响作用受到组织和环境两大类因素的调节。从高阶理论的视角,全面系统地整合了企业生态创新的驱动因素及其机理,对未来进一步完善生态创新研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

领导差异化授权如何促进员工创新绩效:成就目标导向和工作重塑的作用

文章基于自我调节理论,运用跨层次分析方法探究领导差异化授权对员工创新绩效的影响。通过对66个团队331名员工的数据进行分析,得出如下结论:领导差异化授权正向影响员工创新绩效;领导差异化授权正向影响员工工作重塑,员工工作重塑在领导差异化授权与员工创新绩效之间起中介作用;成就目标导向显著正向调节领导差异化授权与员工工作重塑的关系,并且正向调节员工工作重塑在领导差异化授权与员工创新绩效之间的中介作用。