Survey of coverage,strategy and cost of hepatitis B vaccination in rural and urban areas of China

AIM In order to understand the coverage, immunization strategy and cost of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of China in recent years. METHODS A two stage household random sampling method was used in the survey. RESULTS The survey carried out at 112 Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) of 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China in 1996, showed that the coverage rates of HB vaccination among neonates were 96 9% in the urban DSPs and 50 8% in the rural DSPs in 1993-1994, while in students aged 7-9 years, they were 85 8% and 31 5% in 1994, respectively. Up to 1994, 97 5% of the urban DSPs and 73 9% of the rural DSPs on a neonate vaccination against HB program were included in EPI. About 93% of the urban DSPs and 44% of the rural DSPs did HBsAg and HBeAg screening for all or part of pregnant women. The neonates received the regimen of high dose HB vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globin (HBIG) if their mothers were HBsAg and/or HBeAg positive in pregnancy, otherwise they received the low dose vaccine (10μg×3). Part of DSPs had a lower neonate coverage due to unreasonable allocation of the vaccines (used for adults not at risk) or higher cost or insufficient supply of the vaccines. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of serological lab test to HBVMs in the maternal prescreening. CONCLUSION Remarkable achievements have been made according to the national planning and policy of HB immunization in China.

Hepatitis B Vaccination Rate among Medical Students at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (Upth)

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Occupational exposure of health care workers and medical students increases their risk of acquiring HBV infection, and many authorities recommend vaccination. However, significant proportions of health care workers do not receive HBV immunization, and remain at increased risk to HBV infection. Objective: To determine the hepatitis B vaccination rate among Medical students at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to determine their knowledge of HBV infection. Result: Three hundred and sixteen medical students at UPTH completed self-administered questionnaires which included questions about demographic characteristics, HBV vaccination status, knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine and reasons for not receiving the vaccine. All (100%) of the respondents had heard of hepatitis B vaccine. Two hundred and twenty two (70.2%) of them thought they were at risk of acquiring hepatitis. Two hundred and seventy (85.4%) had received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine while 46 (14.6%) had never received the vaccine. One hundred and ten of the respondents had received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, giving a vaccination rate of 34.8%. One hundred and sixteen (36.7%) had received 2 doses, while 44 (13.9%) had received one dose. There was a statistical significant relationship among marital status (p = 0.01), clinical level (p = 0.02) and hepatitis B vaccine uptake. Conclusion: The hepatitis B vaccination rate among medical students at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital is low. National and institutional legislation for adult vaccination against Hepatitis B should be promulgated for those at higher risk.

SARS-CoV-2 infection rates after different vaccination schemes:An online survey in Turkey

Objective:To identify effects of various nationwide vaccination protocols on the evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 infections among adult population and to evaluate the safety of mRNA(BioNTech/Pfizer)vaccine.Methods:Totally 10735 adult volunteers that received at least one dose of BioNTech/Pfizer or triple doses of CoronaVac participated in this cross-sectional-online survey between 1 and 10 September 2021.The information was collected covering a 5-month period from April 2021 to September 2021.Information about people who were vaccinated with only single and double dose CoronaVac were not included in this study.Results:At least one side effect after single and double dose of BioNTech/Pfizer and triple doses of CoronaVac were observed in 42.1%,42.5%and 10.9%,respectively.The most common side effects were shoulder/arm pain,weakness/fatigue,muscle/joint pain and headache.The side effects were the most frequent in single BioNTech/Pfizer,while it was the least in triple CoronaVac.The rate of positive PCR tests before vaccination was 17.6%,and decreased to 3.0%after vaccination.The rates of positive SARS CoV-2-PCR were 18.8%,3.5%,3.1%,0.5%and 4.6%in single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.While 1.8%of PCR positive COVID-19 cases needed intensive unit care in the pre-vaccination period,intensive care unit was required in 0%,1.5%,2.4%,0%and 4.2%after single BioNTech/Pfizer,double BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+single BioNTech/Pfizer,double CoronaVac+double BioNTech/Pfizer and triple CoronaVac,respectively.Reinfection rate after vaccination was 0.4%.Conclusions:The rarity of COVID-19 infection after vaccination suggests that efficacy of vaccines is maintained.On the other hand,the data underscore the critical importance of continued public health mitigation.

Improving Influenza Vaccination Rates— A Straightforward Task or a Multifaceted Challenge?

Annual vaccination with trivalent inactivated vaccines has been proven as safe and efficacious in preventing influenza and its complications. It is recommended especially to the elderly (>65) and other people at high risk for influenza complications and death such as patients with chronic medical conditions. Healthcare workers, who are considered to transmit infection to patients, or reciprocally, can be infected during encounters with patients, are also strongly advised to regularly receive vaccines. In order to improve influenza vaccination rates in countries in Europe, health authorities set targets for vaccination coverage by 2010. Despite the substantial efforts done, coverage rates maintain low. It is considered that informed decisions, based on existing evidence, are likely to cope with improving vaccination rates. Intention of this manuscript is to address some important issues connected with influenza vaccination which, to be able to aid the evidence, need to be further clearified. To support the debate, the author presented some dubious facts from the own practice experiences. As a long-lasting solution to improve vaccination practice strategies, strengthening programed vaccination is suggested. This concept would include implementation of nationwide vaccination protocols and their harmonization by the common logistics, and standardized data collection based on installation of E-health records. This strategy would allow data comparison among different populations. As based on this debate, improving influenza vaccination rates is not likely to be easy to perform straightforward task, but a multifaceted, long term challenge.

Prevaccination Antibody Confers Additional Immune Responses to Repeated Yearly Influenza Vaccination in an Elderly Population

Annual vaccination is necessary to maintain humoral immunity in the elderly population. However, the factors influencing the response to influenza vaccination have not been completely identified. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influenced antibody responses to repeated vaccination using measures that were both objective and quantitative. A total of 111 volunteers aged > 61 years were vaccinated subcutaneously with one dose of influenza vaccine from the 2005-2006 season through the 2009-2010 season. The factors that influenced antibody responses after vaccination were evaluated. The seroprotection rates (PRs) were significantly higher in responders (subjects with a higher antibody titer in the 2005-2006 season) than in nonresponders only in the 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 seasons. PRs after vaccination were significantly higher in seropositive individuals (subjects with a higher prevaccination antibody titer in the 2006-2007 season) than in seronegative individuals for all three virus strains in almost all of the 5 years. Age, gender, and vaccination in the 2004-2005 season did not influence the response. These results suggest that an immune response at a certain time point would predict immune responses only in the near future. However, prevaccination antibody titer in the following season is the ideal predictor for future responses that last over several influenza seasons.

Evolution of Acquired Humoral Immunity after Full Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. IgG Levels in Healthcare Workers at 6 and 9 Months

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a major worldwide health problem. The present study aims to contribute to surveillance of the immune and clinical response of vaccines to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Observational medication study on acquired immunity and effectiveness of vaccines. Population: 620 workers in the health service of Almansa (Spain). Representative sample of 150 individuals. Sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological data and samples were recorded to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum IgG levels 6 and 9 months after vaccination with Pfizer. Results: Mean age 46.45 years;76% women;85.1% working in a hospital. 19.3% had had COVID-19 in the year prior to vaccination. 96.7% were fully vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech. At 6 months, 100% seropositivity and mean IgG levels of 3017.2 AU/ml. Significant variations in IgG levels in individuals with prior COVID-19 infection and smokers. At 9 months, 99.3% remained seropositive;2.8% infected after vaccination. The repeated measures analysis showed a difference in means of 669.0 AU/ml (significant decrease in IgG levels of 28.9%). Conclusion: Antibody levels remained positive 6 and 9 months after vaccination, although IgG levels were found to decay.

SIX-YEAR EFFICACY OF HEPATITIS B REVACCINATION:A DOUBLE-BLIND,PLACEBO-CONTROLLED AND RANDOMIZED FIELD TRIAL

in order to observe the efficacy or a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine, ic4 primaryschool children with a good response were enrolled in a double-bind, placebo-controlled and randomized field trial three years after the primary vaccination. At the end of the 6-year follow-up anti-HBspositive rate and GMT (of S/N value) In the revaccinated group were 54. 5% and 12. 0. still higherthan those in the control group (40. 5 % & 4. 8), but the difference of the positive rates was not statistically significant this time. Anti-HBs I,osltlve rate and GMT not only in the control group but inthe revaccinated group had dramatically declined against those 3 years arter the revaccination (thecontrol group: 69. 4 % & 20. 6 1 the revaccinated group: 87' 8% & 43. 3) (P < 0. of ). The higher anti-HBs titer before the revaccination, the better the persistence of anti-HBs after the revaccination.HBV infection rate (calculated by person-year) In the revacclnated group was l' 44%, without statistical difference from 3. 19% In the control group (P > 0. 05) as before. Considering the perfect longterm efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, we concluded that a booster dose 9 years arter the primary immunization seems unnecessary.

Preparation of Purified and Inactivated HP-PRRS Vaccine

[Objective] The aim of this study was to improve the purification and protective potency of HP-PRRS inactivated vaccine. [Method] HP-PRRS virus that had been multiplied inside Marc-145 cells was collected and concentrated 50 times and then inactivated. Complete virions were separated and collected by chromatography with Sepharose 4 Fast Flow. Oil adjuvant was added to prepare purified inactivated vaccine. [Result] Viral protein was separated from other proteins by purification and the viral protein contents ranged from 76.7% to 82.4%, and 96% of the expected serum proteins were removed. Protective potency of purified vaccine was above 4/5 and positive conversion rate of antibody was over 86%, both higher than that of unpurified vaccine. The differences were significant. [Conclusion] The experiment il-lustrated that the immune efficacy of vaccine can be enhanced through concentrat- ing and purifying, while the non-viral protein can be removed, so that allergic reaction and stress response cadsed by vaccine inoculation can be avoided.

Implication of Reported Viral Hepatitis Incidence Rate Change in Hubei Province, China, between 2004-2010

This study examined the change of reported incidence rate for viral hepatitis in Hubei province, China, between 2004 to 2010 to provide scientific evidence for viral hepatitis control. Reported viral hepatitis infection cases were queried from Centre for Disease Control of Hubei Province, China. The incidence of viral hepatitis A decreased steadily across the study period. Viral hepatitis B composed 85% of the viral hepatitis cases. When reported incidence rates for chronic hepatitis B increased, the rates of acute and unclassified cases dropped from 2005 to 2010. The reported viral hepatitis B incidence rate for males was around 1.5-2 times higher than for females. The average annual percentage change of reported viral hepatitis B incidence rates was 4%. The same index for viral hepatitis C was 28%. The reported viral hepatitis B incidence rate of people under 20 years old declined over the period. This decrease was mainly attributed to the recent implementation of vaccination plan. Reported incidence rate of viral hepatitis E also rose in those years. Having a better understanding on reported incidence rates of the present surveillance system is important for developing strategies for further prevention of viral hepatitis. In addition, the data showed that a surveillance system that differentiates new and former infected cases will be more effective in providing evidence for disease control.

A Study on Long-term Efficacy and Immunologic Persistence of Hepatitis B Plasma Vaccine Made in China

In order to demonstrate the long term protective efficacy and immunologic persistence of domestically made hepatitis B plasma derived vaccine, 371 children had been followed up for 5 to 8 years after primary vaccination (10 μg×3). The results showed that the positive rate of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) in 371 subjects was 77.6% and the geometric mean titre (GMT) of anti HBs was 47.32 IU/L. The anti HBs positive rates in the subjects who had been vaccined for five, six, seven and eight years remained 83.91%, 73.68%, 81.25% and 72.24%, respectively, while the GMTs were 59.53, 43.64, 42.21 and 46.20 IU/L, respectively. The protective efficacy rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 94.26% if both HBsAg and anti HBc were considered as infective indicators, and 88.28%, if only HBsAg positive cases were taken into account. The study indicated that the domestically made hepatitis B vaccine could provide at least 5 to 8 years protection against hepatitis B infection.

Effect of 7 and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Different Number of Doses for Pneumonia Control in 2008 and 2010 Birth Cohort Children

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced in Uruguay in March 2008. In April 2010, it was replaced by PCV13. Surveillance of both vaccines was performed on hospitalized children with consolidated pneumonia. The effect of different number of vaccine doses was evaluated in 2008 and 2010 birth cohorts vaccinated with PCV7 and PCV13 respectively. The study aims to estimate the effects of PCV7 and PCV13 different number of doses on consolidated pneumonia, through the study of hospitalized children from 2008 and 2010 birth cohorts. Vaccination records of every child were available providing precise vaccination data;therefore a new approach was used to estimate PCVs effect. Incidence rate was calculated for each year of the study and for the different number of vaccine doses used each year. Exposure was calculated as person per year and rate ratio values determined the decrease of consolidated pneumonias. This decrease in percentage was estimated as the difference between the incidence with no vaccine and the incidence of every one of the doses. Incidence rate ratio revealed significant values for the three vaccine doses of PCVs for both cohorts. Upon comparing incidences, significant reduction percentages of consolidated pneumonia admissions were found. The reduction percentage of consolidated pneumonia for fully vaccinated (3 doses) patients was 69.3% and 84.6 % for PCV7 and PCV13, respectively. These results confirm that PCV7 and PCV13 are highly effective for reducing pediatric hospitalizations due to consolidated pneumonia, as reported by other national publications and demonstrated by international researchers.

Empirical Assessment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine to Combat COVID-19

COVID-19 has become one of the critical health issues globally,which surfaced first in latter part of the year 2019.It is the topmost concern for many nations’governments as the contagious virus started mushrooming over adjacent regions of infected areas.In 1980,a vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)was introduced for preventing tuberculosis and lung cancer.Countries that have made the BCG vaccine mandatory have witnessed a lesser COVID-19 fatality rate than the countries that have not made it compulsory.This paper’s initial research shows that the countries with a longtermcompulsory BCGvaccination system are less affected by COVID-19 than those without a BCG vaccination system.This paper discusses analytical data patterns for medical applications regarding COVID-19 impact on countries with mandatory BCG status on fatality rates.The paper has tackled numerous analytical challenges to realize the full potential of heterogeneous data.An analogy is drawn to demonstrate how other factors can affect fatality and infection rates other than BCG vaccination only,such as age groups affected,other diseases,and stringency index.The data of Spain,Portugal,and Germany have been taken for a case study of BCG impact analysis.

Current situation and influencing factors of novel coronavirus vaccine in college students of Hainan Province

Objective:To investigate the inoculation status of Novel Coronavirus vaccine among college students in Hainan province and its related influencing factors,and to provide scientific basis for improving the inoculation rate of this population.Methods:An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 colleges and universities in Hainan Province from April 16 to 19,2021.A total of 5896 valid questionnaires were collected with informed consent and voluntary filling.The questionnaire collected information including general demographic characteristics,knowledge attitude and behavioral problems related to COVID-19 vaccine.The difference in the vaccination rate of college students with different characteristics was compared.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors affecting the vaccination rate of college students in Hainan.Results:There were 3,360(57%)female students,2,509(42.6%)medical students,2,380(40.4%)Hainan students,3,441(58.4%)undergraduates,3,281(57.3%)rural students,and 5,165(87.6%)Han students.The inoculation rate of COVID-19 vaccine among college students in Hainan province was 81.7%.The average score of knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine was 11.78±3.18,the total score was 17,and the relative attitude score was 47.77±6.10,the total score was 55.Univariate analysis found that difference gender,age,grade,stage of study,medical students,Hainanese origin,school organization vaccination,vaccine knowledge and attitude scores,the difference of inoculation rate was statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that women(OR=1.204),medical profession(OR=4.587),native place of Hainan(OR=1.541),rural area of origin(OR=1.311),school carrying out collective vaccine vaccination(OR=2.933),high scores of knowledge about COVID vaccine(OR=1.104)and attitude(OR=1.025)could increase the vaccination rate of college students(P<0.05).Conclusion:The vaccination rate of college students in Hainan Province still needs to be improved.It is necessary to strengthen the popularization of vaccine-related knowledge among male students and non-medical students,improve the mastery of the knowledge of the vaccine and enhance the confidence of the vaccine in China,which is conducive to the improvement of the vaccination rate of college students.

7345例女性HPV感染状况及亚型分布特征分析

目的了解于日照市中医医院就诊的女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染状况及基因型分布特征,为宫颈癌早期筛查防治、疫苗接种提供数据参考。方法收集2020年1月至2022年12月于日照市中医医院行HPV基因分型的7345名女性的检测结果,分析总体及不同年龄组的HPV感染率、基因型分布及疫苗保护的HPV基因型感染情况。结果在7345份检测标本中,检测出阳性标本1563份,阳性率为21.28%。其中来自妇科门诊的标本阳性率25.54%(1097/4295),来自健康中心的标本阳性率15.28%(466/3050),门诊标本阳性率明显高于健康中心的标本阳性率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=112.13,P<0.05)。单一高危型感染率为11.79%(866/7345),多重分型感染率为5.62%(413/7345)。感染率最高的5种高危型依次是HPV16(3.89%)、HPV52(3.05%)、HPV58(2.06%)、HPV 53(1.97%)、HPV 31(1.54%)。HPV感染率在年龄分组分析中出现两个高峰,分别为≤20岁组(39.06%)和≥61岁组(27.24%)。HPV九价疫苗涵盖的基因型感染占比为64.43%。结论于日照市中医医院就诊的女性HPV感染率为21.28%,以单一高危型感染为主,青少年女性感染率最高,适龄女性推荐选择九价疫苗。

2017-2022年北京市怀柔区免疫规划疫苗接种报告情况分析

目的回顾性分析2017-2022年北京市怀柔区免疫规划疫苗接种报告数据,为进一步做好接种率监测报告工作提供参考。方法利用北京市免疫规划监测信息管理系统获取2017-2022年北京市怀柔区免疫规划疫苗接种率监测数据,对接种报告的及时性、完整性、可靠性进行分析评价。结果2017年1月1日至2022年12月31日,北京市怀柔区各预防接种单位免疫规划疫苗接种报告及时性、完整性均为100%;5种免疫规划疫苗PV1-3、DTaP1-3、MMR/MR1、JE-L1、MPSV1-2基础免疫报告接种率均在96%以上,估算接种率为90.53%~127.42%;D值评价指标:可信占36.67%,可疑占50.00%,不可信占13.33%;R值评价指标:可信占66.67%,可疑占29.17%,不可信占4.17%。结论2017-2022年北京市怀柔区常规免疫接种率监测系统运行良好,大部分常规免疫疫苗维持在较高接种水平,但可能存在流动儿童摸底不够清晰、报告接种率偏高的问题,需要更精准掌握应种儿童人数,优化免疫规划监测信息管理系统接种率判定功能,做好漏种儿童补种等,进一步强化常规免疫接种率监测工作。

高州市2023-2024年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的探究分析高州市2023—2024年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)监测结果。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统检索收集2023年1月—2024年3月期间的预防接种AEFI监测报告数据,对AEFI监测结果予以描述性分析。结果2023年1月—2024年3月高州市接种疫苗出现245例AFEI,平均每年报告发生率为15.22/10万剂次。一般反应占比80.00%(196/245)、异常反应占比10.61%(26/245),未出现接种事故以及疫苗质量事故。AFEI个案中男女性别比例为1.36∶1;以<1岁者发生AEFI最多,10~15岁者发生AEFI最少。接种至出现症状的间隔时间以<1 d发生AEFI最多。AFEI报告涉及疫苗36种,前三位是百白破疫苗(无细胞)、麻腮风疫苗、13价肺炎疫苗;报告发生率前三位是带状疱疹疫苗(CHO细胞)、ACYW135流脑疫苗(结合)、冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗;引起一般反应的疫苗前两位是带状疱疹疫苗(CHO细胞)、ACYW135流脑疫苗(结合);引起异常反应的疫苗前两位是麻腮风疫苗、23价肺炎球菌疫苗。结论2023年1月—2024年3月高州市AEFI监测结果符合监测要求,且能在一定程度上说明预防接种疫苗的安全性,但需关注AFEI报告中发生率较高的疫苗,并需加强高州市AEFI监测,提升AEFI监测的及时性与灵敏度。

布鲁氏菌A19-△VirB12疫苗接种犊牛的免疫抗体变化

为了解不同剂量的布鲁氏菌A19-△VirB12疫苗采用不同接种方式免疫犊牛的抗体变化,使用不同剂量的布鲁氏菌A19-△VirB12疫苗采用点眼和皮下接种两种方式免疫3~6月龄母犊牛,用试管凝集试验(SAT)检测采集于犊牛免疫各时段的血清中抗体变化。结果表明,首次试验中在免疫24周除点眼10亿组和皮下接种50亿组外的其他免疫组均能检出SAT阳性结果。第二次试验中皮下免疫50亿组在免疫3周的SAT检测阳性率达到84.21%,在免疫25周之后的SAT检测均为阴性;两个点眼免疫组在免疫12周初次检出持续抗体阳性,至免疫52周抗体阳性率为4.54%~9.09%。可以得出,布鲁氏菌A19-△VirB12疫苗大剂量免疫犊牛后可能会干扰后期布病检疫结果的判定,A19-△VirB12疫苗50亿CFU/mL皮下免疫犊牛后具有免疫原性较好和抗体转阴时间较早的优势。点眼免疫组检出抗体时间晚,现缺乏针对前期该疫苗细胞免疫指标的检测方法,需要进一步研究。

贵州省医疗机构外伤后破伤风预防处置现状调查

目的了解贵州省外伤后破伤风预防处置现状和医务人员破伤风防病知识知晓情况,为制定破伤风预防处置规范提供依据。方法实地调查全省所有三级甲等医院28家、所有县(区)人民医院87家;从贵州省免疫规划信息管理系统获取破伤风疫苗接种剂次;设计问卷随机抽取部分医院开展医务人员破伤风防病知识知晓情况调查。结果外伤后破伤风预防处置,5.21%的医疗机构只开展外伤处置,仅13.04%的医疗机构同时开展疫苗接种服务和被动免疫制剂注射,其余81.74%的医疗机构只开展破伤风被动免疫制剂注射服务。近5年,全省共接种破伤风疫苗24862剂次,年均仅4972剂次。与同期狂犬疫苗比,使用量极少。医务人员破伤风防病知识知晓率为30.60%,其中,含破伤风类毒素成分疫苗种类知晓率最低,仅11.72%,儿童含破伤风类毒素成分疫苗免疫规划程序知晓率最高,为62.76%。2021年1月1日至2023年6月30日,115家医疗机构诊断破伤风93例,其中28家三级甲等医院诊断62例,占66.67%。结论贵州省破伤风暴露后预防处置服务的可及性和规范性亟待提高,存在仅单纯使用破伤风被动免疫制剂、忽视除儿童常规免疫以外含破伤风类毒素成分疫苗的现象。医务人员对相关知识认知不足,有待进一步培训提高。

2020年西藏自治区1~14岁儿童乙型肝炎流行病学调查分析

目的:了解2020年西藏自治区1~14岁儿童乙型肝炎血清标志物流行情况和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况。方法:使用2020年全国乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查资料,分析西藏自治区1~14岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原、表面抗体和核心抗体阳性率、乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况。结果:共调查1059人,其中乙型肝炎表面抗原、表面抗体、核心抗体阳性率分别为2.64%、39.47%、5.67%,乙型肝炎疫苗接种率、全程接种率、首针及时接种率分别为96.51%、93.48%、76.86%。1~4岁、5~9岁、10~14岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率分别为2.23%、2.31%、3.72%;表面抗体阳性率分别为52.79%、36.57%、26.39%;核心抗体阳性率分别为4.19%、6.25%、6.69%。结论:2020年西藏自治区1~14岁儿童乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性率较既往下降,乙型肝炎疫苗接种率水平较高,需重点推进乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种工作。

铜陵市1318名体检人员乙型肝炎病毒感染情况及疫苗接种率调查

目的对铜陵市1318名体检人员乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况及疫苗接种率进行调查分析。方法随机抽取铜陵市人民医院2023年1月至2023年12月体检中心接收的体检人员共计1318名,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)、HBV表面抗体(HBsAb)、HBV核心抗体(HBcAb),采用问卷调查乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种率。结果1318名体检人员中,HBsAg阳性率为1.82%(24/1318),HBsAb阳性率为59.03%(778/1318),HBcAb阳性率为0.61%(8/1318),HBV感染率为0.76%(10/1318),HepB接种率为98.25%(1210/1318);1~4岁、5~14岁、15~29岁、30~69年龄组的HepB接种率为99.36%、98.61%、64.81%、39.57%,HBsAg阳性率为0.00%、0.35%、1.85%、2.98%;HBsAb阳性率为88.46%、76.04%、60.00%、42.88%;HBcAb阳性率为2.56%、3.82%、15.56%、30.46%,差异均有统计学意义(Z=12.644,3.067,2.103,10.495,10.806,P<0.05);城镇人群HBsAg阳性率低于农村人群,HBsAb阳性率及HepB接种率均高于农村人群,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.632,8.685,6.783,P<0.05);在有、无HepB免疫史及HepB免疫史不详的群体中,有HepB免疫史的群体HBsAg阳性率最低,HBsAb阳性率最高,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.722,3.081,P<0.05);经多因素Logistics回归得出有乙肝家族史、拔牙史及侵入性诊疗史均是影响HBV发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.781,1.793,1.784,P<0.05)。结论铜陵市1318名体检人员HBsAg阳性率携带率低,需注意重点扫描有拔牙史、乙肝家族史及侵入性诊疗史人群并加强HepB预防接种,以进一步提高铜陵市全体人民免疫水平。