Study on Licker-In and Flat Speeds of Carding Machine and Its Effects on Quality of Cotton Spinning Process

Spinning has a significant influence on all textile processes. Combinations of all the capital equipment display the process’ critical condition. By transforming unprocessed fibers into carded sliver and yarn, the carding machine serves a critical role in the textile industry. The carding machine’s licker-in and flat speeds are crucial operational factors that have a big influence on the finished goods’ quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the link between licker-in and flat speeds and how they affect the yarn and carded sliver quality. A thorough experimental examination on a carding machine was carried out to accomplish this. The carded sliver and yarn produced after experimenting with different licker-in and flat speed combinations were assessed for important quality factors including evenness, strength, and flaws. To account for changes in material qualities and machine settings, the study also took into consideration the impact of various fiber kinds and processing circumstances. The findings of the investigation showed a direct relationship between the quality of the carded sliver and yarn and the licker-in and flat speeds. Within a limited range, greater licker-in speeds were shown to increase carding efficiency and decrease fiber tangling. On the other hand, extremely high speeds led to more fiber breakage and neps. Higher flat speeds, on the other hand, helped to enhance fiber alignment, which increased the evenness and strength of the carded sliver and yarn. Additionally, it was discovered that the ideal blend of licker-in and flat rates varied based on the fiber type and processing circumstances. When being carded, various fibers displayed distinctive behaviors that necessitated adjusting the operating settings in order to provide the necessary quality results. The study also determined the crucial speed ratios between the licker-in and flat speeds that reduced fiber breakage and increased the caliber of the finished goods. The results of this study offer useful information for textile producers and process engineers to improve the quality of carded sliver and yarn while maximizing the performance of carding machines. Operators may choose machine settings and parameter adjustments wisely by knowing the impacts of licker-in and flat speeds, which will increase textile industry efficiency, productivity, and product quality.

Compilation and Analysis Method for Computer Aided Pattern Design System Based on Fully-Fashioned Computerized Flat Knitting Machine

The knitting industry CAD/CAM system＇s development needs a solution of computer representation of the designed objects. One of them is a transformation of knitting rows and stitches form knitting pattern and its automatic analysis is to control data from the knitting design data. A method of the pattern CAD system including the analyzing and the compiling of the pattern data was developed in this paper. By rasterizing the pattern map, the drafted pattern could be compiled into knitting row data and stitches. The storage format of knitting rows data and stitches data could be defined by analyzing the motion of computerized fiat knitting machine. By reassembling the control data, it could be analyzed into the execute data of the controller in computerized fiat knitting machine. This method mainly focused on the weak areas of multi-needle-bed technology and fully-fashioned knitting technology in inland and could be applied to most of control systems in the master-slave mode. The knitting row data and pattern row data in a ＂ ＊. ptn＂ format file were integrated. Giving a corresponding analytic calculation process of control data and realizing independent development of the upper machine and the lower machine, the final knitting control data not only have low computation and transmission cost but also have fast transfer speeds.

Machine learning of theΓ-point gap and flat bands of twisted bilayer graphene at arbitrary angles

The novel electronic properties of bilayer graphene can be fine-tuned via twisting,which may induce flat bands around the Fermi level with nontrivial topology.In general,the band structure of such twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)can be theoretically obtained by using first-principles calculations,tight-binding method,or continuum model,which are either computationally demanding or parameters dependent.In this work,by using the sure independence screening sparsifying operator method,we propose a physically interpretable three-dimensional(3D)descriptor which can be utilized to readily obtain theΓ-point gap of TBG at arbitrary twist angles and different interlayer spacings.The strong predictive power of the descriptor is demonstrated by a high Pearson coefficient of 99%for both the training and testing data.To go further,we adopt the neural network algorithm to accurately probe the flat bands of TBG at various twist angles,which can accelerate the study of strong correlation physics associated with such a fundamental characteristic,especially for those systems with a larger number of atoms in the unit cell.

Impact of the Speed of Flat of a Typical Carding Machine on the Quality of Carded Sliver and 40 Ne Yarn

The carding cycle affects the sliver quality and the subsequent yarn attributes since it is the main sliver formation step. Processing parameters assume a significant part in affecting the nature of the eventual outcome in any sorts of production. In the case of carding machine, a higher production rate makes the operation more sensitive. And this will cause degradation in product quality. So optimization of speed is the talk of the town in spinning field [1]. Extreme higher speed can prompt fiber harm and unnecessary neps generation will corrupt the end result. Again lower speed will lessen the production rate which isn’t reasonable. So we need to discover the ideal speed which will be advantageous to both product quality and production rate. In carding machine, real operational activity happens between flats and cards [1]. From an ordinary perspective, high produce able cards generates higher level of speed. Speed of the cards impacts the carding cycle and the nature of the yarn and in practical point of view, flat’s level of speed is advanced and optimized. The aim of the project was to find out the optimum flat speed in the context of yarn quality. 40 Ne cotton yarns were produced with the slivers manufactured at different flat speeds such as 240, 260, 280, 300 and 320 mm/min. The quality parameters of slivers and yarns were tested and analyzed.

Study on Licker-In and Flat Speeds of Carding Machine and Its Effects on Quality of Cotton Spinning Process

Spinning has a significant influence on all textile processes. Combinations of all the capital equipment display the process’ critical condition. By transforming unprocessed fibers into carded sliver and yarn, the carding machine serves a critical role in the textile industry. The carding machine’s licker-in and flat speeds are crucial operational factors that have a big influence on the finished goods’ quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the link between licker-in and flat speeds and how they affect the yarn and carded sliver quality. A thorough experimental examination on a carding machine was carried out to accomplish this. The carded sliver and yarn produced after experimenting with different licker-in and flat speed combinations were assessed for important quality factors including evenness, strength, and flaws. To account for changes in material qualities and machine settings, the study also took into consideration the impact of various fiber kinds and processing circumstances. The findings of the investigation showed a direct relationship between the quality of the carded sliver and yarn and the licker-in and flat speeds. Within a limited range, greater licker-in speeds were shown to increase carding efficiency and decrease fiber tangling. On the other hand, extremely high speeds led to more fiber breakage and neps. Higher flat speeds, on the other hand, helped to enhance fiber alignment, which increased the evenness and strength of the carded sliver and yarn. Additionally, it was discovered that the ideal blend of licker-in and flat rates varied based on the fiber type and processing circumstances. When being carded, various fibers displayed distinctive behaviors that necessitated adjusting the operating settings in order to provide the necessary quality results. The study also determined the crucial speed ratios between the licker-in and flat speeds that reduced fiber breakage and increased the caliber of the finished goods. The results of this study offer useful information for textile producers and process engineers to improve the quality of carded sliver and yarn while maximizing the performance of carding machines. Operators may choose machine settings and parameter adjustments wisely by knowing the impacts of licker-in and flat speeds, which will increase textile industry efficiency, productivity, and product quality.

Optimization of cutter-location for 5-axis NC machining freeform surface with a flat-end cutter

axis NC machining freeform surface with a flat end cutter can theoretically improve material removal rate and surface finish, but it is very difficult to generate a gouge free cutter location. A new method of generating optimal cutter path is proposed to define the effective radius of a flat end cutter and determine the optimal step forward distance and step over distance. Thereby improving the NC machining efficiency and quality of freeform surfaces.

Design Theory of Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine Transition Cutter Edge Angle and Its Application

At present, the inner cutters of a full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) and transition cutter edge angles are designed on the basis of indentation test or linear grooving test. The inner and outer edge angles of disc cutters are characterized as symmetric to each other with respect to the cutter edge plane. This design has some practical defects, such as severe eccentric wear and tipping, etc. In this paper, the current design theory of disc cutter edge angle is analyzed, and the characteristics of the rock-breaking movement of disc cutters are studied. The researching results show that the rotational motion of disc cutters with the cutterhead gives rise to the difference between the interactions of inner rock and outer rock with the contact area of disc cutters, with shearing and extrusion on the inner rock and attrition on the outer rock. The wear of disc cutters at the contact area is unbalanced, among which the wear in the largest normal stress area is most apparent. Therefore, a three-dimensional model theory of rock breaking and an edge angle design theory of transition disc cutter are proposed to overcome the flaws of the currently used TBM cutter heads, such as short life span, camber wearing, tipping. And a corresponding equation is established. With reference to a specific construction case, the edge angle of the transition disc cutter has been designed based on the theory. The application of TBM in some practical project proves that the theory has obvious advantages in enhancing disc cutter life, decreasing replacement frequency, and making economic benefits. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for the design of TBM three-dimensional disc cutters whose rock-breaking operation time can be effectively increased.

Machining of the Flat Surfaces with Abrasive-metallic Lapping Tools

The constructional principle of abrasion metal disc is that abrasive insertions are spread uniformly on the working surface of a metal base. During lapping by means of such tools only the machining fluid is dosed and that by drop. Abrasive elements of circular shape pellets are produced by mixing boron carbide BC400 micrograins with electrographite components, the pellets were pressed with a load of about 12 kN. Next they were heated in furnace at about 520K for hours, then cooled together with the furnace. Tests were carried out on the making of circular abrasive insertions of which the main components were born carbide and micrograins of electric copper mixed the epoxide resins.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a method for millimeter-scale inspection of surface flatness

A non-contact method for millimeter-scale inspection of material surface flatness via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS)is investigated experimentally.The experiment is performed using a planished surface of an alloy steel sample to simulate its various flatness,ranging from 0 to 4.4 mm,by adjusting the laser focal plane to the surface distance with a step length of 0.2 mm.It is found that LIBS measurements are successful in inspecting the flatness differences among these simulated cases,implying that the method investigated here is feasible.It is also found that,for achieving the inspection of surface flatness within such a wide range,when univariate analysis is applied,a piecewise calibration model must be constructed.This is due to the complex dependence of plasma formation conditions on the surface flatness,which inevitably complicates the inspection procedure.To solve the problem,a multivariate analysis with the help of Back-Propagation Neural Network(BPNN)algorithms is applied to further construct the calibration model.By detailed analysis of the model performance,we demonstrate that a unified calibration model can be well established based on BPNN algorithms for unambiguous millimeter-scale range inspection of surface flatness with a resolution of about 0.2 mm.

New Mathematical Method for the Determination of Cutter Runout Parameters in Flat-end Milling

The cutting force prediction is essential to optimize the process parameters of machining such as feed rate optimization, etc. Due to the significant influences of the runout effect on cutting force variation in milling process, it is necessary to incorporate the cutter runout parameters into the prediction model of cutting forces. However, the determination of cutter runout parameters is still a challenge task until now. In this paper, cutting process geometry models, such as uncut chip thickness and pitch angle, are established based on the true trajectory of the cutting edge considering the cutter runout effect. A new algorithm is then presented to compute the cutter runout parameters for flat-end mill utilizing the sampled data of cutting forces and derived process geometry parameters. Further, three-axis and five-axis milling experiments were conducted on a machining centre, and resulting cutting forces were sampled by a three-component dynamometer. After computing the corresponding cutter runout parameters, cutter forces are simulated embracing the cutter runout parameters obtained from the proposed algorithm. The predicted cutting forces show good agreements with the sampled data both in magnitude and shape, which validates the feasibility and effectivity of the proposed new algorithm of determining cutter runout parameters and the new way to accurately predict cutting forces. The proposed method for computing the cutter runout parameters provides the significant references for the cutting force prediction in the cutting process.

局部编织技术的编织原理与应用

为了对局部编织的创新设计提供理论与技术支持,基于SDS-ONE APEX3岛精服装设计系统以纬平针为地组织设计局部编织花样色码,主要从编织与休止针数变化的角度介绍局部编织技术的编织原理,提出不加不减局部编织、减针局部编织与加针局部编织的工艺设计方法,并在电脑横机上编织出织片小样,进一步阐述局部编织技术在二维平面的嵌花色块拼接、镂空肌理的孔眼效应、三维立体的凹凸造型以及结构轮廓成形编织方面的应用。通过对比分析花样色码与织片小样,指出局编加减针规则与先后顺序、吊目方式、色纱组合等因素对局编织片外观的影响,对局部编织技术在针织创意花型开发与成形编织方面的应用具有指导意义。

生物质成型技术及LH-600型生物质颗粒成型机设计

针对大型养殖场固体粪污、生物质秸秆、茶园茶梗、果园枝条、木屑及蘑菇渣等农业固体废弃物资源化利用过程中,生产生物质颗粒存在产量过低、设备故障率高、易堵塞模孔和成型率差等问题,研发设计了LH-600型生物质制粒成型机。对成型机喂料装置、颗粒成型装置、动力传动机构进行了创新设计,并利用Solidworks软件进行辅助设计。试验、工程实践应用表明,成型机具有使用寿命长、维护成本低、传动机构润滑降温效果好及高效节能等优点,适合大中型饲料加工厂、养殖场及有机肥厂使用。

基于模糊PI全电动工业平缝缝纫机多电机同步控制方法研究

目前工业平缝缝纫机主要以机械式和半自动化为主,效率低,可靠性和稳定性差,自动化程度不高。针对这一现状,提出一种引入模糊PI补偿的工业平缝缝纫机三电机同步控制算法,用偏差耦合式控制三电机同步转动,同时引入PID补偿和模糊控制融合算法消除系统同步偏差,很好解决了自动化多电机同步问题。实验结果表明,基于模糊PI补偿的偏差耦合同步控制算法可以很好改善系统的同步性能,提高系统的同步精度。

肉鸡平养鸡舍自走式粪污清收装袋一体机研制

针对肉鸡平养鸡舍粪污表层结饼、地面不平、清收量大等问题,该研究研制了可实现舍内粪污表层破碎、收集装袋和地面清扫等功能的自走式清粪装袋一体机。通过优选作业形式,结合功能需求和平养鸡舍尺寸,设计了整机关键机构的结构形式和工作参数;通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA模块仿真粪污破碎过程,分析了破碎过程中刀具的受力情况,当破碎力大于165.32 N时可实现粪污表层的破碎,刀具的仿真阻力均值与计算值的相对误差为1.10%,刀具结构参数设计合理;利用ANSYS静力学模块和振动模态分析模块验证机架强度和稳定性。根据优化结果试制机样机,通过粪污清收预试验和舍内清收试验验证整机和清收效果。试验结果表明,机具行走速度为0.10 m/s、工作部件转速为240 r/min时,地面洁净率为95.38%,清收速率为178.02 m^(2)/h,满足肉鸡平养鸡舍粪污清收作业要求。研究成果可为肉鸡等地面平养畜禽的粪污清收装备研发提供理论指导和技术支撑。

基于设计与工艺一体化技术的毛衫产品开发

为了提高针织毛衫产品开发的效率和品质,更好的满足消费者对针织毛衫多元化的需求,依托电脑横机编织技术,结合毛衫设计原理和工艺技术,通过创作实践的方法,详细介绍针织毛衫从款式、色彩、图案设计到结构、版制、工艺制作的一体化研发过程,并分析设计与工艺一体化技术在毛衫产品开发中的优势。结果表明,采用“一人多岗”的研发模式,由一名复合型专业研发人员借助电脑横机的软件系统和控制系统,完成毛衫研发过程中设计、工艺、制版、编织等各个环节的工作,实现毛衫开发的设计与工艺一体化,从而缩短产品研发周期,降低成本,为毛衫设计师提供创作思路,为毛衫产品开发提供参考。

基于苏州地域文化的针织旗袍设计与工艺研究

文章对苏州地域文化可视化元素进行提炼,设计相关图案,并应用于针织旗袍及其配饰设计中。从针织旗袍的廊型、提花组织选择、局部结构创新设计、针织工艺实现手法4个方面进行实践研究。在电脑横机编织实践中,运用收放针、加弹力丝、衣片边缘包边处理等方法,处理针织旗袍较大的胸腰差和腰臀差,通过组织变化处理局部造型,更好地呈现出迎合当代人们生活需要与精神需求的针织旗袍,旨在让旗袍文化和苏州地域文化得到进一步发扬,亦使国内的针织服装具有鲜明的地域特征,设计出具有差异化以及将传统文化与流行元素相融合的针织产品。

Optimization of working parameters for puddling and flatting machine in paddy field

In order to improve the soil preparation quality,a wide puddling and flatting machine for paddy field was designed with the functionality of tillage,soil crushing,puddling,burying stubble and flatting in one-time operation,which can be equipped on tractors with high power.This study focused on the design and analysis of key components of the machine including puddling equipment,flat shovel and balance structure.Optimal results with field trials and response surface analysis showed that the machine can operate optimally when the working speed,puddling depth and angle of flat shovel were 1.05 km/h,16 cm and 31.30°,respectively.The surface flatness standard deviation was 3.7 cm,and slurry degree was 1.03 g/cm3.Field validation test results were consistent with the optimal parameters,which was able to meet agronomic requirements of mechanical planting in China.

滚刀滑移状态下的受力与磨损仿真分析

为探究滚刀滑移状态下破岩的受力与磨损的变化规律,基于离散单元法,建立了同时考虑滚刀自转和绕刀盘公转的滚动圆周切割模型。定义了一个滑移率参数η用于描述滚刀的滑移状态,对不同滑移率工况下滚刀破岩受力和磨损进行了对比分析,并结合工程实例对数值仿真结论进行了验证,结果表明:数值仿真中垂直力F_(V)和滚动力F_(R)在CSM模型计算值附近波动,两者较为吻合,表明了本文模型的合理性。数值仿真结果表明,随着滑移率η的增大,垂直力F_(V)呈轻微减小趋势,滚动力F_(R)明显变大,从滚动破岩到滑动破岩,垂直力F_(V)降幅为23.6%,滚动力F_(R)增幅达83.7%,滑动破岩将导致滚刀偏磨。工程实测数据表明,刀盘上大量滚刀处于正常磨损状态时,主要表现为推力增大。大量滚刀处于偏磨状态时,主要表现为扭矩增大,其中偏磨滚刀占比19.05%和28.57%时,扭矩增幅分别为55.85%和261.51%。滚刀正常磨损和偏磨均大量存在时,表现为扭矩推力同步增大,其中偏磨滚刀占比21.43%时,扭矩增幅为80.89%。数值仿真和实测数据表现出较高的一致性。综合4次开仓换刀结果,可将刀盘扭矩增幅超过50%作为判定大量滚刀发生偏磨的重要依据。

凹凸立体肌理织物在电脑横机上的开发

为提高毛衫设计人员的织物组织创新设计开发能力,设计出满足消费者需求的时尚化、个性化毛衫,通过将毛衫织物组织设计与编织工艺、纱线弹性、织物组织特性相结合,在斯托尔电脑横机上设计开发了立体效果明显、富有创意的凹凸立体肌理织物。文章从移圈组织、集圈组织、局部编织、变线圈长度编织、不同组织的组合、不同弹性的纱线组合使用等方面,分析各种凹凸立体肌理织物的形成原理、编织方法和外观效应,并对其设计要点及注意事项进行探讨。

电脑横机三维间隔织物应用与工艺研究

作为一种新型缓冲材料,间隔织物由上下两个表面和中间的间隔层组成。在间隔织物中,针织间隔织物具有轻质、保暖、透气和富有弹性等特点。针织间隔织物分为针织经编间隔织物和针织纬编间隔织物,这里主要介绍纬编间隔织物在纺织领域的应用现状,并归纳整理纬编间隔织物在电脑横机上的编织工艺。在此基础上,参考纬编轴向织物的编织原理,进一步提出一种新型间隔层添加增强纱的纬编间隔织物。结果表明:这种新型织物通过在间隔层中添加具有高强度和耐用性的增强纱,提高了织物整体性能,为后续研究和产品开发提供了新的思路和参考。