Effects of a liquid lithium curtain as the first wall in a fusion reactor plasma

This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.

Hydraulic Modeling of A Curtain-Walled Dissipater by the Coupling of RANS and Boussinesq Equations

A hybrid numerical method for the hydraulic modeling of a curtain-walled dissipater of reflected waves from breakwaters is presented. In this method, a zonal approach that combines a nonlinear weakly dispersive wave (Boussinesq-type equation) method and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used. The Boussinesq-type equation is solved in the far field to describe wave transformation in shallow water. The RANS method is used in die near field to resolve the turbulent boundary layer and vortex flows around the structure. Suitable matching conditions are enforced at the interface between the viscous and the Boussinesq region. The Coupled RANS and Boussinesq method successfully resolves the vortex characteristics of flow in the vicinity of the structure, while unexpected phenomena like wave re-reflection are effectively controlled by lengthening the Boussinesq region. Extensive results on hydraulic performance of a curtain-walled dissipater and the mechanism of dissipation of reflected waves are presented, providing a reference for minimization of die breadth of the water chamber and for determination of the submerged depth of the curtain wall.

Ecological Technologies of Applying Plants on Glass Curtain Walls

Integrated landscaping technology of reclaiming condensed water from the thermal channel of double-pane glass curtain wall and applying the reclaimed water in micro irrigation of natural plants was explored.Selection of plant species for the internal space of glass curtain wall and vertical greening outside was studied to meet the ecological technological requirements of glass curtain wall.Progressive experiment of new technology and simulated calculation of indexes were applied to obtain solar radiation consumption,meet the ecological characters of plants in glass curtain walls,and finally improve indoor and outdoor thermal environment.The results showed that new ecological technologies of applying plants on glass curtain walls help realize ecological utilization of glass curtain walls,further reduce energy consumption of buildings,achieve and even surpass the standards of national 3-star green buildings.

Optimized Simulation Design of Double Glass Curtain Wall Shading System in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The glass curtain wall is widely favored by the owners for its good appearance modeling efthct. In using process, however, excessive energy consumption, low level indoor eomtort and other problems of glass curtain wall are often exposed. Aiming at office buildings in hot Summer and cold Winter zone, taking the optimization of thermal comfort of double glass curtain wall in the summer and the reduetion of building energy consumption throughout the year as the breakthrough point, using the method of energy simulation analysis, through changing the size of internal shading component in the simulated room, this paper analyzes and summarizes the variation law of its energy consumption value, to explore the relatively reasonable design plan of shading systems of the building with glass curtain wall.

Nonlinear response spectrums for cable-supported glass curtain walls

Aiming at the seismic-resistant performance of cable-supported glass curtain walls,the methods for formulating nonlinear single degree of freedom system and calculating the nonlinear response spectrums are proposed. Taking pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity into account,the nonlinear acceleration spectrums are calculated under given conditions,such as site and different seismic fortification intensities. The seismic design response spectrums are developed. During vibrating,varying period due to the influence of pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity drives the maximum period of plateau in nonlinear response spectrums to move towards the long period zone,and the maximum of seismic effect coefficient is larger than that of current seismic code. The theoretical analysis and the example demonstrate that using the nonlinear response spectrums is safe and economical.

Discussion on Structure Design and Optimization of Building Curtain Wall

To discuss the structure design and optimization of building curtain wall, the dynamic characteristics of point supported glass curtain wall system are analyzed by the finite element method. The various technologies are made use of, and according to the characteristics of the structure system, the finite element analysis model with steel structure glass plate beam element and shell element as the basic elements is established. Then, the dynamic characteristics are analyzed, and the modal parameters such as inherent frequency and vibration type are identified. The research results show that the node displacement response power spectrum under the load of wind is obtained, which provides the basis for rationally optimizing the structure. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the optimization design based on finite element model has a wide significance, which is a useful attempt to reduce the blindness of design and has great engineering significance and application value.

Design and Fabrication of Aluminum Cladding and Curtain Wall of a Sports Club

The paper discusses the design, fabrication and the execution of the cladding supported by steel trusses and curtain wall of a sports club. The cladding and the curtain walls were subjected to a wind load of 1.2 Kpa considering basic wind speed of 25 m/s as per the project specifications. The first part of the paper deals with the cladding work of the canopy that consist of a 4 mm thick aluminium composite panels supported by steel trusses extended from the main structure. Two types of steel trusses were provided, the main truss connected to the space truss, whereas the intermediate truss connected to channels. Both trusses were spaced at 2.5 m centre to centre. These trusses were fabricated at factory and transported to the site for installation. The second part of the paper is related to the curtain wall design having Maximum Mullion spacing of 2 m, considered as worst scenario for the design calculations. The maximum Mullion height was 5.55 m, adopted in the calculations with bottom and top pinned connection. The Technal system was adopted for the design of mullions and transoms. Design was carried out using numerical modeling with CSI SAP2000 for cladding and its supporting structures. The bracket was realized and checked for the corresponding induced forces. All the structural systems were found safe according to different acceptance criterion.

Intelligent Construction Technology of Hyperbolic Curtain Wall

Taking the hyperbolic glass curtain wall project of the Wuhan Jinyinhu Commercial Plaza as an example,the characteristics of different curved glass forming technologies were analyzed in this paper.Combined with the actual engineering situation,the curved steel process is selected to produce the hyperbolic glass curtain wall,and the application of BIM technology in the quality control of hyperbolic glass curtain wall in the production process was analyzed,and the effects of heating condition,bending time,cooling condition,and bending tempering error in the manufacturing accuracy of the curved glass curtain wall were studied,in hope that this project can provide practical reference for similar curtain wall design construction in the future.

钢幕墙“POSN STEEL WALL”结构性能试验及评价

玻璃装饰外墙的幕墙具有外观华丽、施工维护方便等优点,目前得到了广泛应用。作为幕墙外墙的玻璃框架,主要采用重量轻、加工方便的铝材制作。韩国钢制幕墙(POSN STEEL WALL)由高耐腐蚀性合金镀层钢板制作而成,具有优异的结构性能,可承受压缩、拉伸和弯曲载荷,无需加固即可安装,且其强度大于铝材,可用于薄型框架制作。通过开展全尺寸钢幕墙POSN STEEL WALL的结构性能试验,并将试验结果应用于实际项目,分析其施工性能。

光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统在不同地区的多目标优化配置

为克服单一可再生能源应用的局限性,提出一种光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统。利用TRNSYS建立仿真模型,以系统能耗和生命周期成本为目标函数,采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),对不同地区系统配置规模进行多目标优化设计,并利用加权和法确定均衡解。结果表明:哈尔滨、长春、沈阳3个地区优化后的系统运行能耗比优化前分别增加5.9%、5.0%和3.9%,生命周期成本降低13.6%、17.1%和12.9%;与单目标优化相比,多目标优化在兼顾性能的前提下能明显降低生命周期成本,具有明显的优势。

多冷媒非均质人工冻结壁弹塑性应力分析

【目的】受制冷媒介温度差异以及被冻地层与冻结管距离差异的影响,多冷媒联合双排管冻结壁的非均匀性较为显著,为了合理评价该类冻结壁的安全性,需开展考虑非均质性的多冷媒人工冻结壁弹塑性应力分析。【方法】选取距离1/4管距处的冻结壁作为特征截面,将该截面上的温度分布曲线等效成三段一次函数形式,并将冻结壁视为随温度成线性变化的非均质材料,分别基于4种冻土屈服准则,推导得出多冷媒联合双排管非均质冻结壁弹塑性应力解析表达式。基于该解析表达式,对多冷媒冻结壁的受力特性进行计算,并将该计算结果与均质冻结壁计算得出的结果进行对比。【结果和结论】研究发现:(1)在盐水-二氧化碳联合双排管冻结壁中,径向应力随着相对半径r的增加而上升,环向应力在不同冻结区间(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)表现出不同的变化趋势。(2)基于均质冻结壁计算理论,弹性极限状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在冻结壁内侧,弹塑性状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在弹塑性分界面处,塑性极限状态的冻结壁的环向应力最大值出现在冻结壁最外侧;而基于非均质冻结壁计算理论,冻结壁环向应力最大值始终出现在冻结壁分区界线(r=2)处。(3)在考虑非均质特性后,冻结壁的弹性极限承载力降低1.8%,而塑性极限承载力提高8.1%。在弹塑性状态下,对应相同塑性区相对半径,非均质冻结壁具有更高的承载力,且这种现象随着塑性区相对半径的增大而愈发明显。研究成果对富水地层多冷媒联合冻结帷幕的设计具有重要的参考价值。

建筑幕墙装饰装修工程施工探讨

在当前建筑工程及技术水平高度发展的背景下,大众对各种建筑的功能性、装饰性与实用性的需求有所增高。这一点在建筑幕墙装饰装修工程中体现得十分明显。对此,通过探讨建筑幕墙工程施工中影响工程质量、工程效率的关键因素,总结能够用于建筑幕墙装饰装修工程的关键技术,提高工程建设效果的有效方法。

城市空间艺术化与“表皮”美学

人类艺术最显眼的是建筑,它让公共空间注满意义,成为一个时代的哲学和文化精神的有力体现,它是城市之所以为城市的理由。对艺术产业的研究,必须包括对城市空间艺术特点的追问。可以看到,越是到后现代建筑,墙体越有可能分化成两层,外层“表皮”对城市空间艺术化起了重大作用。由于当代科技文化的发展,城市设计者与建筑学家可以比较自由地发挥艺术创作精神。在后现代符号美学推动下,城市空间的塑形高度个性化,由此可以比较灵活地解决民族风格与雅俗融合这两个元设计大难题。

17m超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统结构性能和试验研究

文章以泰康大厦工程为背景,针对超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统进行了大风压作用下的结构性能和位移能力试验研究,通过有限元、试验、理论三者进行对比分析。研究表明,该幕墙系统不仅满足1.75kPa风压作用下的结构性能要求和2.63kPa大风压下结构的安全性能要求,而且满足三个方向位移能力的要求。充分说明17m超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统的设计方案安全可行,设计方案和试验结果可为今后超高坐地式玻璃肋幕墙系统的设计提供支持。

光伏建筑一体化光伏幕墙体系与经济性研究

在当今全球能源转型的大背景下,建筑行业作为主要能源消费领域,其能源消费模式的革新对于实现国家层面的可持续发展目标至关重要。鉴于此,显著削减建筑领域对化石燃料的依赖,并积极拓宽可再生能源的利用渠道,成为了推动绿色建筑革命的重要策略。光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)技术,作为一种将高效光伏发电系统与现代化建筑设计、建造工艺深度融合的创新实践,不仅展现了太阳能这一清洁、可再生资源的巨大应用潜力,而且也预示着未来建筑领域在能源自给自足方面广阔的发展蓝图。为了探究光伏建筑一体化的现状,文章对光伏建筑一体化的背景及常用的应用场景进行研究,通过案例分析光伏幕墙增量成本,并采用静态投资回收期和效益费用比两个参数对薄膜类光伏幕墙、晶硅类光伏幕墙、薄膜类光伏采光顶三种光伏方案的经济性进行分析,为后续光伏建筑一体化中光伏幕墙的经济性提供参考。

南昌东站插接离缝式双曲铝板幕墙施工技术

南昌东站高架层候车厅外侧28个幕墙铝板开花柱造型,是南昌东站标志性建筑造型结构,全部由双曲异型铝板拼接组合而成,加工及施工难度高。针对该结构造型的龙骨、饰面及细部做法进行详细拆解剖析,通过全流程要点控制,最终实现高品质的外观效果。该工程在既有BIM技术支持下,充分挖掘提升联合下单潜力,有效指导双曲铝板加工、安装,以实现设计效果。同时,通过预焊接、装配式等措施方法,显著提升标准化模块复制施工效率,并保障施工效果整齐划一。预组装龙骨、插接离缝式铝板插接工艺、全异型石材柱脚等工艺做法均可为类似工程提供参考。

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承结构设计

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承采用竖向张弦桁架结构体系,结构造型独特新颖。对其结构选型和受力特点进行了重点介绍。采用MIDAS Gen软件建立有限元模型,进行非线性静力及抗震分析计算,同时采用ANSYS软件对考虑几何与材料双重非线性的结构整体稳定性进行了详细分析,探讨了安全系数取值等。分析结果及实际使用效果表明,幕墙支承满足正常使用的各项要求,并具有良好的抗震性能。

玻璃幕墙清洗机器人内螺旋完全遍历路径规划研究

针对高空复杂环境下玻璃幕墙清洗机器人的全方位无死角清洗问题,本文提出了一种基于改进蚁群算法的内螺旋完全遍历路径规划方法。首先在融合视觉传感器识别定位结果的基础上构建环境栅格地图;针对机器人全方位无死角遍历问题,以最大覆盖面积、最小重复路径及最大安全性为目标,通过内螺旋完全遍历算法实现清洗路径规划。在此基础上,针对机器人完全遍历易陷入死区问题,以最快规划、最少拐点及最快收敛为目标,通过改进蚁群算法规划出最优逃逸死区路线。改进方向以机器人4方位4领域移动为主,在启发函数中引入A^(*)算法的代价函数,同时在信息素更新中引入惩罚函数的思想。最后通过2种算法结合完成清洗区域的完全遍历,仿真结果表明:机器人在已知地图上通过4次规划后清洗覆盖率达到100%,行进重复率达到3.15%,实现了完全遍历。

负风压作用下隐框玻璃幕墙承载行为和脱胶损伤实验研究

隐框玻璃幕墙连接用的硅酮结构胶发生损伤导致玻璃面板坠落是当前幕墙服役过程中的常见问题.现有研究大多采用动力学方法对幕墙的脱胶损伤进行检测和评估,该方法通常需要额外施加荷载激励,且测量的动力响应数据易受环境影响,难以实现幕墙安全状态的可靠评估.为解决上述问题,提出在负风压作用下利用玻璃面板的挠度和转角对玻璃面板的脱胶损伤进行检测和评估的方法.首先,设计一系列隐框玻璃幕墙脱胶损伤实验,验证了在风荷载作用下利用挠度和转角对玻璃面板的安全状态进行检测的可行性;之后,基于实验结果构建了隐框玻璃幕墙安全风险监测评估系统,实现玻璃面板脱胶位置和数量的实时监测和快速识别.

某高层建筑幕墙玻璃面板的多源感知与特征提取初探

近年来,高层建筑玻璃幕墙面板因自爆、脱落等引发的安全事故在我国频频发生,其主要原因是幕墙面板的性能特征不清晰。论文提出了玻璃幕墙面板的多源感知与特征值提取方法,结合实际工程案例,通过设计施工资料、振动测试、图像识别3种多源感知方法获取玻璃幕墙特征信息,并从中提取出典型特征值。