Effects of a liquid lithium curtain as the first wall in a fusion reactor plasma

This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.

Hydraulic Modeling of A Curtain-Walled Dissipater by the Coupling of RANS and Boussinesq Equations

A hybrid numerical method for the hydraulic modeling of a curtain-walled dissipater of reflected waves from breakwaters is presented. In this method, a zonal approach that combines a nonlinear weakly dispersive wave (Boussinesq-type equation) method and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method is used. The Boussinesq-type equation is solved in the far field to describe wave transformation in shallow water. The RANS method is used in die near field to resolve the turbulent boundary layer and vortex flows around the structure. Suitable matching conditions are enforced at the interface between the viscous and the Boussinesq region. The Coupled RANS and Boussinesq method successfully resolves the vortex characteristics of flow in the vicinity of the structure, while unexpected phenomena like wave re-reflection are effectively controlled by lengthening the Boussinesq region. Extensive results on hydraulic performance of a curtain-walled dissipater and the mechanism of dissipation of reflected waves are presented, providing a reference for minimization of die breadth of the water chamber and for determination of the submerged depth of the curtain wall.

Optimized Simulation Design of Double Glass Curtain Wall Shading System in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The glass curtain wall is widely favored by the owners for its good appearance modeling efthct. In using process, however, excessive energy consumption, low level indoor eomtort and other problems of glass curtain wall are often exposed. Aiming at office buildings in hot Summer and cold Winter zone, taking the optimization of thermal comfort of double glass curtain wall in the summer and the reduetion of building energy consumption throughout the year as the breakthrough point, using the method of energy simulation analysis, through changing the size of internal shading component in the simulated room, this paper analyzes and summarizes the variation law of its energy consumption value, to explore the relatively reasonable design plan of shading systems of the building with glass curtain wall.

Ecological Technologies of Applying Plants on Glass Curtain Walls

Integrated landscaping technology of reclaiming condensed water from the thermal channel of double-pane glass curtain wall and applying the reclaimed water in micro irrigation of natural plants was explored.Selection of plant species for the internal space of glass curtain wall and vertical greening outside was studied to meet the ecological technological requirements of glass curtain wall.Progressive experiment of new technology and simulated calculation of indexes were applied to obtain solar radiation consumption,meet the ecological characters of plants in glass curtain walls,and finally improve indoor and outdoor thermal environment.The results showed that new ecological technologies of applying plants on glass curtain walls help realize ecological utilization of glass curtain walls,further reduce energy consumption of buildings,achieve and even surpass the standards of national 3-star green buildings.

Nonlinear response spectrums for cable-supported glass curtain walls

Aiming at the seismic-resistant performance of cable-supported glass curtain walls,the methods for formulating nonlinear single degree of freedom system and calculating the nonlinear response spectrums are proposed. Taking pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity into account,the nonlinear acceleration spectrums are calculated under given conditions,such as site and different seismic fortification intensities. The seismic design response spectrums are developed. During vibrating,varying period due to the influence of pretension effect in cables and geometrical nonlinearity drives the maximum period of plateau in nonlinear response spectrums to move towards the long period zone,and the maximum of seismic effect coefficient is larger than that of current seismic code. The theoretical analysis and the example demonstrate that using the nonlinear response spectrums is safe and economical.

Discussion on Structure Design and Optimization of Building Curtain Wall

To discuss the structure design and optimization of building curtain wall, the dynamic characteristics of point supported glass curtain wall system are analyzed by the finite element method. The various technologies are made use of, and according to the characteristics of the structure system, the finite element analysis model with steel structure glass plate beam element and shell element as the basic elements is established. Then, the dynamic characteristics are analyzed, and the modal parameters such as inherent frequency and vibration type are identified. The research results show that the node displacement response power spectrum under the load of wind is obtained, which provides the basis for rationally optimizing the structure. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the optimization design based on finite element model has a wide significance, which is a useful attempt to reduce the blindness of design and has great engineering significance and application value.

Design and Fabrication of Aluminum Cladding and Curtain Wall of a Sports Club

The paper discusses the design, fabrication and the execution of the cladding supported by steel trusses and curtain wall of a sports club. The cladding and the curtain walls were subjected to a wind load of 1.2 Kpa considering basic wind speed of 25 m/s as per the project specifications. The first part of the paper deals with the cladding work of the canopy that consist of a 4 mm thick aluminium composite panels supported by steel trusses extended from the main structure. Two types of steel trusses were provided, the main truss connected to the space truss, whereas the intermediate truss connected to channels. Both trusses were spaced at 2.5 m centre to centre. These trusses were fabricated at factory and transported to the site for installation. The second part of the paper is related to the curtain wall design having Maximum Mullion spacing of 2 m, considered as worst scenario for the design calculations. The maximum Mullion height was 5.55 m, adopted in the calculations with bottom and top pinned connection. The Technal system was adopted for the design of mullions and transoms. Design was carried out using numerical modeling with CSI SAP2000 for cladding and its supporting structures. The bracket was realized and checked for the corresponding induced forces. All the structural systems were found safe according to different acceptance criterion.

Intelligent Construction Technology of Hyperbolic Curtain Wall

Taking the hyperbolic glass curtain wall project of the Wuhan Jinyinhu Commercial Plaza as an example,the characteristics of different curved glass forming technologies were analyzed in this paper.Combined with the actual engineering situation,the curved steel process is selected to produce the hyperbolic glass curtain wall,and the application of BIM technology in the quality control of hyperbolic glass curtain wall in the production process was analyzed,and the effects of heating condition,bending time,cooling condition,and bending tempering error in the manufacturing accuracy of the curved glass curtain wall were studied,in hope that this project can provide practical reference for similar curtain wall design construction in the future.

建筑群玻璃幕墙受碎粒飞掷物冲击易损性研究

该文结合风灾案例对城市群体建筑玻璃幕墙受碎粒飞掷物冲击易损性开展研究。建筑物周边的三维流场通过大涡模拟方法得到,在此基础上采用五阶龙格库塔法求解粒状飞掷物的三维刚体运动方程并进行飞掷物轨迹预测,最后建立飞掷物运动参数的随机概率模型,采用蒙特卡洛方法随机产生碎粒飞掷物,开展塔楼群中飞掷物对幕墙冲击破坏易损性研究。结果表明,在强风作用下上游建筑的局部初始破坏产生的碎粒将冲击下游建筑幕墙,并可能放大风灾破坏级别及损伤程度,其冲击范围与建筑布局有关,冲击破坏损伤程度则与当来流风速有关。就该文风灾案例而言,当风速小于15m/s时,二次冲击破坏的影响基本可忽略不计;风速大于30m/s时,开始出现中等程度破坏;风速大于40m/s后,下游整个立面幕墙受冲击破坏程度达到严重破坏,说明此时相邻建筑局部初始破坏已经放大周边建筑风灾破坏程度,应引起足够的重视。

隧道下穿采空区安全理论分析与施工技术研究

文章以延崇高速公路玉渡山隧道为背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场监测的方法,深入研究了隧道下穿采空区等施工技术难题。研究结果显示,隧道与上伏采空区的临界安全距离为8 m。此外,制定了分段治理方案,提出了“帷幕止浆墙+砂浆充填”的综合处治措施。针对采空区处治区域,采用混凝土和水泥砂浆充填措施,并在充填区域施作帷幕止浆墙;针对采空区非处治区域,采取施工观测措施,必要时再进行处治。

镂空陶土砖幕墙装配化施工技术应用

本文通过实际工程项目,总结出镂空陶土砖幕墙装配化施工方法,通过研究镂空陶土砖幕墙施工的特点,应用了适宜的工艺流程及便于加工改装的辅助施工构件,不仅解决了上述施工方法的缺点,而且通过镂空陶土砖的装配式施工,大大简化了施工工艺,提高了施工现场的安全文明形象。

大跨度点支承玻璃幕墙施工关键技术

点支撑玻璃幕墙通透、轻盈,可减少用钢量,降低成本,广泛用于建筑工程。但是,现有点支撑玻璃幕墙对于大跨度施工研究仍有不足。基于此,文章以栖湖组团项目(1#酒店)为例,简要阐述了大跨度点支承玻璃幕墙施工特点,结合工艺流程,从测量放线、安装后置埋件、连接件施工、钢骨架安装、防雷防火施工、玻璃块安装这几方面出发,提出施工关键技术及质量控制措施,以期为相关工作者提供参考。

异形建筑幕墙装饰施工的现场安全管理研究

随着建筑行业的快速发展,建筑幕墙装饰类型变得更加多样。异形建筑幕墙装饰施工现场安全管理工作难度大,在实际工作中存在很多安全隐患,导致安全事故频发。基于此,文章结合某异形建筑幕墙装饰施工案例,对异形建筑幕墙装饰施工现场安全管理的难点问题进行分析,并对现场安全管理工作策略进行重点研究,以期为相关工程人员提供参考。

异形幕墙复杂钢龙骨体系装配式施工技术应用

为应对航空轮胎大科学中心工程的技术挑战,特别是实现水平、竖向双向曲面轮胎造型,本文结合工程具体特点,设计了一套合理的工艺流程。该工艺流程采用装配式施工技术,并运用BIM辅助技术对异形钢龙骨结构进行了精确的模拟,以确保施工的精确性和效率。通过加设次钢龙骨体系连接幕墙与主体钢结构,实现圆弧曲面造型;通过分榀设计、榀架加工、地面拼装、高空吊装、单榀安装等流水作业,化难为易,解决了加工拼装与高空作业等施工难题,保证了工程质量与安全,并缩短了工期,最终取得了较好的经济效益。

建筑师视角下的建筑幕墙全流程设计研究——以杭州某总部办公项目为例

文章以杭州某总部办公项目的幕墙全流程设计为脉络,深入剖析建筑师在建筑幕墙设计领域中的核心地位及其所扮演的关键控制角色。聚焦于建筑幕墙全流程设计,彰显建筑师在材料选择、细部构造控制、跨专业协作中的关键作用,揭示建筑师如何平衡美学、功能与安全性,促进与结构、机电等专业协同,确保项目高质量地圆满完成。

石材幕墙双切面背栓式干挂施工技术应用

文通过实际工程项目,总结出石材幕墙双切面背栓式干挂施工方法,相比传统的施工工艺,本施工方法有效解决了传统的钢销式、通槽式、短槽式等施工工艺存在的石材易破损、受力不合理、安全性差等问题,具有较强的先进性和引领性。不仅能满足建筑师在造型上的特殊要求,而且更优异的受力和抗震性能推动了石材幕墙更加广阔的应用前景,是国内幕墙施工技术发展的方向。

拼装式悬挑操作平台的研发与应用

以中国航海博物馆帆体铝板幕墙整体改造提升工程为背景,配合馆方不停展施工,同时保证施工安全、质量、进度;由于帆体为异形曲面结构,从设计阶段开始优化平台连接方式,合理布置连接点位置,最终选择悬挑施工平台为高空散装安装的方式,采用抱箍结构和拉杆的形式将悬挑平台与帆体钢构管进行有效连接固定,从而形成安全可靠的施工平台。本悬挑平台安全、便捷、施工性强,实现了在不使用大型机械的情况下完成异形幕墙的更新;解决了现场异形超大高差的吊顶施工难题,在确保已运营结构安全的同时,有效降低了施工成本、缩短了施工工期、保障了施工安全、满足了馆方的要求,达成既定目标。

Analytical Study of the Cable-Truss Systems on the Glass Certain Walls with Vertical Uses

The aim of this study is to analyze of the cable-glass systems which are used on the glass curtain wall according to their types, degree, architectural and structural effects. The suspended glass system with pre-stressed cable truss (SGSPCT) is widely started to apply after the 1980’s with Serres building. The advantages of these systems are to provide the transparency on the fa?ades and speedy construction process with minimum materials. The disadvantages are: more expensive than other systems and so many details for the joints and load distribution calculations. There are three different architectural design typologies of the SGSPCT system. These are distance bridging systems, between floor system and independent body. These three different typologies can be seen on the same building at the same time. This system has been known as complex structure systems. The twenty five glass buildings which are designed in different systems have been analyzed during this study. After these analyses the five glass buildings which are designed with cable-truss system have been selected for scope of the study. These selected buildings have been included of three different cable-truss system typologies and degree. The methodology of this study is literature survey and building analyses method. The written and visual documents involve books, theses, reports, articles, magazines, drawings, internet sources and applied connection details of the glass buildings. The selected five glass buildings have been detailed analyzed with their architectural drawings, photographs and details. The study consists of five chapters including the introduction chapter. The general information of the glass building and cable-glass system has been mentioned in the first chapter. The structural features, details and analytical information on systems have been explained of the selected buildings in the second chapter. The detailed analyses of these selected buildings have been done according to their schematic drawings with the plans, sections and load distribution in the third chapter. The fourth chapter is discussion section. In this section, cable-truss systems have been compared with their advantages and disadvantages to the other systems. The fifth chapter is the last chapter, many advantages of cable-truss systems have been concluded that the use of glass substrates.

Prevention and Control Measures for Vertical Spread of Fire along the External Wall of High-rise Buildings

In the analysis and research of few cases on the characteristics of vertical"burning"and spreading of fire in high-rise buildings in China and overseas,the mechanism of vertical spreading of fire along external wall is caused by hot pressing and wind pressure existing in high-rise buildings.The use of external wall combustible materials and near-window combustible items resulted in the formation of high temperature pyrotechnics and the burning of the external wall.Besides,due to the lack of fire-fighting measurements in high-rise building,it is recommended that the external wall of the high-rise building should be equipped with vertical fire-proof partitioning and non-combustible materials by setting up an automatic fire-fighting water curtain system along the vertical section of the external wall and above the indoor window.Therefore,the automatic sprinkler can be set up to prevent the fire from spreading vertically along the external wall of the building effectively.

光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统在不同地区的多目标优化配置

为克服单一可再生能源应用的局限性,提出一种光伏幕墙辅助双源热泵系统。利用TRNSYS建立仿真模型,以系统能耗和生命周期成本为目标函数,采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),对不同地区系统配置规模进行多目标优化设计,并利用加权和法确定均衡解。结果表明:哈尔滨、长春、沈阳3个地区优化后的系统运行能耗比优化前分别增加5.9%、5.0%和3.9%,生命周期成本降低13.6%、17.1%和12.9%;与单目标优化相比,多目标优化在兼顾性能的前提下能明显降低生命周期成本,具有明显的优势。