Experimental investigations on small-and full-scale ship models with polyurea coatings subjected to underwater explosion

Nowadays, the mitigation of damage to a ship caused by the underwater explosion attracts more and more attention from the modern ship designers. In this study, two kinds of scale tests were conducted to investigate the effects of polyurea coatings on the blast resistance of hulls subjected to underwater explosion. Firstly, small-scale model tests with different polyurea coatings were carried out. Results indicate that polyurea has a better blast resistance performance when coated on the front face, which can effectively reduce the maximum deflection of the steel plate by more than 20% and reduce the deformation energy by 35.7%-45.4%. Next, a full-scale ship(approximately 50 m × 9 m) under loadings produced by the detonation of 33 kg of spherical TNT charges was tested, where a part of the ship was coated with polyurea on the front face(8 mm + 24 mm) and not on the contrast area. Damage characteristics on the bottom were statistically analyzed based on a 3D scanning technology, indicating that polyurea contributes to enhancing the blast protection of the ship. However, damage results of this test were different from those of the small-scale tests. Moreover, the deformation area of the bottom with polyurea was greatly increased by 40.1% to disperse explosion energy, a conclusion that cannot be drown from the small-scale tests.

Construction of Ship Target Image Library Based on 3DS MAX and AP Algorithm

To achieve accurate classification and recognition of ship target types,it is necessary to establish a sample library of ship targets to be identified.On the basis of exploring the principles of building a ship target image library,the paper determines the sample set.Using 3DS MAX software as the platform,combined with the accurate 3D model of the ship in an offline state,the software fully utilizes its own rendering and animation functions to achieve the automatic generation of multi-view and multi-scale views of ship targets.To reduce the storage capacity of the image database,a construction method of the ship target image database based on the AP algorithm is presented.The algorithm can obtain the optimal cluster number,reduce the data storage capacity of the image database,and save the calculation amount for the subsequent matching calculation.

Ship recognition based on HRRP via multi-scale sparse preserving method

In order to extract the richer feature information of ship targets from sea clutter, and address the high dimensional data problem, a method termed as multi-scale fusion kernel sparse preserving projection(MSFKSPP) based on the maximum margin criterion(MMC) is proposed for recognizing the class of ship targets utilizing the high-resolution range profile(HRRP). Multi-scale fusion is introduced to capture the local and detailed information in small-scale features, and the global and contour information in large-scale features, offering help to extract the edge information from sea clutter and further improving the target recognition accuracy. The proposed method can maximally preserve the multi-scale fusion sparse of data and maximize the class separability in the reduced dimensionality by reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Experimental results on the measured radar data show that the proposed method can effectively extract the features of ship target from sea clutter, further reduce the feature dimensionality, and improve target recognition performance.

A new CFAR ship target detection method in SAR imagery

Many ship target detection methods have been developed since it was verified that ship could be imaged with the space-based SAR systems. Most developed detection methods mostly emphasized ship detection rate but not computation time. By making use of the advantages of the K-distribution CFAR method and two-parameter CFAR method, a new CFAR ship target detection algorithm was proposed. In that new method, we use the K-distribution CFAR method to calculate a global threshold with a certain false-alarm rate. Then the threshold is applied to the whole SAR imagery to determine the possible ship target, pixcls, and a binary image is given as tile preliminary result. Mathematical morphological filter are used to filter the binary image. After that step, we use tile two-parameter CFAR method to detect the ship targets. In the step, the local sliding window only works in the possible ship target pixels of the SAR imagery. That step avoids the statistical calculation of the background pixels, so the method proposed can much improve the processing speed. In order to test the new method, two SAN imagery with different background were used, and the detection result shows that that method can work well in different background circumstances with high detection rate. Moreover, a synchronous ship detection experiment was carried out in Qingdao port in October 28, 2005 to verify the new method and one ENVISAT ASAR imagery was acquired to detect ship targets. It can be concluded from the experiment that the new method not only has high detection rate, but also is time-consuining, and is suitable for the operational ship detection system.

Novel and Comprehensive Approach for the Feature Extraction and Recognition Method Based on ISAR Images of Ship Target

This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive method of automatic target recognition based on real ISAR images with the aim to recognize the non-cooperative ship targets. The special characteristics of the ISAR images for the real data compared with the simulated ISAR images are analyzed firstly. Then,the novel technique for the target recognition is proposed,and it consists of three steps,including the preprocessing,feature extraction and classification. Some segmentation and morphological methods are used in the preprocessing to obtain the clear target images. Then,six different features for the ISAR images are extracted.By estimating the features' conditional probability, the effectiveness and robustness of these features are demonstrated. Finally,Fisher's linear classifier is applied in the classification step. The results for the allfeature space are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

New method of time-frequency representation for ISAR imaging of ship targets

Inverse synthetic aperture radar （ISAR） imaging of ship targets is very important in the national defense. For the high maneuverability of ship targets, the Doppler frequency shift of the received signal is time-varying, which will degrade the ISAR image quality for the traditional range-Doppler （RD） algorithm. In this paper, the received signal in a range bin is characterized as the multi-component polynomial phase signal （PPS） after the motion compensation, and a new approach of time-frequency represen- tation, generalized polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution （GPWVD）, is proposed for the azimuth focusing. The GPWVD is based on the exponential matched-phase （EMP） principle. Compared with the conventional polynomial Wigner-Ville distribution （PWVD）, the EMP principle transfers the non-integer lag coefficients of the PWVD to the position of the exponential of the signal, and the interpolation can be avoided completely. For the GPWVD, the cross-terms between multi-component signals can be reduced by decomposing the GPWVD into the convolution of Wigner-Ville distribution （WVD） and the spectrum of phase adjust functions. The GPWVD is used in the ISAR imaging of ship targets, and the high quality instantaneous ISAR images can be obtained. Simulation results and measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new method.

Target Ship Identification Algorithm Based on Comprehensive Correlation Discriminant and Information Entropy

Ship type identification is an important part of electronic reconnaissance. However, in the existing methods, such as statistical-based methods and fuzzy-mathematics-based methods, the information acquired by the passive sensor is not fully utilized, and there is a certain ambiguity in the assignment relationship of the emitters-ship. They can’t conclude the accurate and reliable assignment relationship of the emitters-ship. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive correlation discriminant method to obtain a more reliable and comprehensive emitters-ship assignment, and then uses information entropy method to identify the type of the target ship on the basis of this association and assign the credibility. The simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively solve the problem of target ship type identification using the information of multi-passive sensors.

Imaging algorithm of multi-ship motion target based on compressed sensing

An imaging algorithm based on compressed sensing（CS） for the multi-ship motion target is presented. In order to reduce the quantity of data transmission in searching the ships on a large sea area, both range and azimuth of the moving ship targets are converted into sparse representation under certain signal basis. The signal reconstruction algorithm based on CS at a distant calculation station, and the Keystone and fractional Fourier transform（FRFT） algorithm are used to compensate range migration and obtain Doppler frequency. When the sea ships satisfy the sparsity, the algorithm can obtain higher resolution in both range and azimuth than the conventional imaging algorithm. Some simulations are performed to verify the reliability and stability.

Ship Detection and Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv7

In this paper,an advanced YOLOv7 model is proposed to tackle the challenges associated with ship detection and recognition tasks,such as the irregular shapes and varying sizes of ships.The improved model replaces the fixed anchor boxes utilized in conventional YOLOv7 models with a set of more suitable anchor boxes specifically designed based on the size distribution of ships in the dataset.This paper also introduces a novel multi-scale feature fusion module,which comprises Path Aggregation Network(PAN)modules,enabling the efficient capture of ship features across different scales.Furthermore,data preprocessing is enhanced through the application of data augmentation techniques,including random rotation,scaling,and cropping,which serve to bolster data diversity and robustness.The distribution of positive and negative samples in the dataset is balanced using random sampling,ensuring a more accurate representation of real-world scenarios.Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both detection accuracy and robustness,highlighting the potential of the improved YOLOv7 model for practical applications in the maritime domain.

Semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble for ship target discrimination in synthetic aperture radar images

Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar(SAR)plays an important role in marine applications.The existing methods are capable of quickly obtaining many candidate targets,but numerous non-ship objects may be wrongly detected in complex backgrounds.These non-ship false alarms can be excluded by training discriminators,and the desired accuracy is obtained with enough verified samples.However,the reliable verification of targets in large-scene SAR images still inevitably requires manual interpretation,which is difficult and time consuming.To address this issue,a semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble ship target discrimination method based on a tri-training scheme is proposed to take advantage of the plentiful candidate targets.Specifically,various features commonly used in SAR image target discrimination are extracted,and several acknowledged classification models and their classic variants are investigated.Multiple discriminators are constructed by dividing these features into different groups and pairing them with each model.Then,the performance of all the discriminators is tested,and better discriminators are selected for implementing the semisupervised training process.These strategies enhance the diversity and reliability of the discriminators,and their heterogeneous ensemble makes more correct judgments on candidate targets,which facilitates further positive training.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional tritraining.

A Novel SAR Image Ship Small Targets Detection Method

To satisfy practical requirements of high real-time accuracy and low computational complexity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image ship small target detection, this paper proposes a small ship target detection method based on the improved You Only Look Once Version 3 (YOLOv3). The main contributions of this study are threefold. First, the feature extraction network of the original YOLOV3 algorithm is replaced with the VGG16 network convolution layer. Second, general convolution is transformed into depthwise separable convolution, thereby reducing the computational cost of the algorithm. Third, a residual network structure is introduced into the feature extraction network to reuse the shallow target feature information, which enhances the detailed features of the target and ensures the improvement in accuracy of small target detection performance. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, many experiments are conducted on public SAR image datasets. For ship targets with complex backgrounds and small ship targets in the SAR image, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified. Results show that the accuracy and recall rate improved by 5.31% and 2.77%, respectively, compared with the original YOLOV3. Furthermore, the proposed model not only significantly reduces the computational effort, but also improves the detection accuracy of ship small target.

基于局部显著特征聚焦学习的SAR舰船智能检测

合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像的船舶目标检测,因其广泛的应用前景而备受关注。近年来,基于深度学习的SAR图像船舶目标检测在多种场景中表现出较好性能。然而,由于SAR独特的成像机制,舰船目标通常与背景环境具有相似的散射特性使得实际的船舶目标难以辨识,且船舶目标尺度较小,导致准确检测船舶目标具有挑战性。为了缓解这一问题,本文提出了一种基于局部显著特征聚焦学习的SAR舰船检测方法。首先,设计了双重注意力模块,通过对通道级和空间级的特征进行双重注意力加权,以充分地探索船舰目标的关键语义特征,从而提升模型的深度提取能力。随后,为了进一步提升模型对船舶目标特征的表征能力,设计了平衡特征金字塔网络模块,通过对舰船目标的多尺度特征进行缩放、增强和聚合处理,以实现多尺度特征间的语义和空间信息均衡分布。最后,在SAR舰船检测数据集(SAR Ship Detection Dataset,SSDD)上进行了广泛的实验分析,实验结果一致性地证明了所提方法在提升SAR图像舰船目标检测准确性方面的有效性。

基于旋转不变性的高分辨率遥感影像船舶检测

近年来,随着高分辨率遥感影像和船舶智能化的发展,通过遥感技术在大范围内对船舶目标进行检测识别已在海洋监管和安全等领域发挥出重要的现实意义。考虑到人类的视觉回路系统中对外界特定目标有很强的方向选择性,借鉴视觉的方向选择性机制,将有助于提升舰船检测识别任务的性能。从3个方面来模拟这种视觉的方向性选择机制:对卷积层采用Gabor卷积核分解的方法来模拟视觉回路的方向性,使深度卷积网络具有方向不变性;通过采用方向回归的方式估计舰船目标的主方向,模拟方向性选择机制;结合方向性目标来提升舰船检测识别任务的性能。试验结果表明:与快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster R-CNN)、单步多框检测(SSD)和定向响应网络(ORN)方法相比,该方法能取得较好的效果,表现出潜在的优势,均值平均精度(mAP)可达到约98%。

基于性能的通航桥梁抗船撞评估方法及应用研究

为合理有效地开展通航桥梁抗船撞性能评估,提出基于性能的桥梁抗船撞标准化评估方法。基于现行《公路桥梁抗撞设计规范》(JTG/T 3360-02-2020),从抗撞性能等级确定、设防代表船型确定、船撞力计算、船撞效应计算以及抗撞性能验算等方面,采用结构性能目标作为评估准则,建立桥梁抗撞性能评估各环节流程的标准化评估方法。以江苏扬中三桥为应用实例,运用该方法进行该桥20号墩抗撞性能评估,结果表明:20号墩桩基顺桥向抗弯性能不满足JX1级要求,其余验算结果满足要求,桥墩抗撞性能综合评估结果为不满足要求。参照评估结果该桥加装了浮动式防撞设施。桥梁抗撞性能评估标准化,可准确高效实现桥梁抗撞性能等级确定、船撞效应计算、抗撞性能验算等预期的评估功能要求。

基于MSRCP与改进YOLOv5的雾天船舶检测

针对海上雾天获取到的图像中小目标船舶识别效果低下、漏检率高等问题,提出了一种融合MSRCP算法的改进YOLOv5模型。在输入端加入MSRCP算法对图像进行预处理,提高远处船舶的特征;采用改进k-means聚类方法设计先验框,加快模型收敛速度,使锚框和边界框更匹配;在网络部分采用了SoftPool池化替换原来的MaxPool池化,保留更多的图像特征,提高图像的检测精度。经实验,改进后的算法MAP值提高了12%,平均召回率提升了16%,检测速度达到40帧/秒,能够在满足实时性检测的前提下,更好地完成对大雾天气下的船舶识别。

改进YOLOX在近岸船舶检测中的应用

为了解决近岸船舶检测时目标尺度变化大,环境干扰严重等问题,提出了一种改进YOLOX的无锚框检测算法。首先,在主干网络中引入CoT模块,通过动态利用上下文信息来增强表达能力,降低环境干扰的影响;其次,将SimAM注意力嵌在特征金字塔和检测头之间,丰富语义信息,提升小目标检测精度。再利用CIOU来取代原有损失函数,以提高收敛速度;最后,使用深度可分离卷积替换特征金字塔中普通卷积,减少参数量,提升检测速度。实验结果表明:在SeaShips数据集上,改进后模型在减少参数量的同时,精度提高了6.73%,均值平均精度(mAP)达到了96.63%,检测速度达到了48.6帧/s,能够实时、高精度地检测近岸船舶。

基于模糊神经网络的舰船雷达图像弱小目标检测

舰船雷达图像信息的维度较高,导致弱小目标的关键特征难以被精准提取,降低了弱小目标检测的可靠性,因此提出一种基于模糊神经网络的舰船雷达图像弱小目标检测方法。该方法对舰船雷达图像进行背景校正,利用图像灰度值加性模型从图像中提取弱小目标。最后将提取的弱小目标输入到模糊神经网络中,输出的结果即为舰船雷达图像弱小目标检测结果。通过实验证明,在不同高斯噪声环境中,该方法能够准确地检测出雷达图像中的弱小目标,并具有较快的检测速度。

无人船红外图像单目视觉检测与跟踪研究

无人船可用于海洋探测、军事侦查、军事打击等领域,结合GPS、AIS、无线通信技术以及图像视觉技术使得无人船实现智能化控制。无人船红外图像的单目视觉检测对实现目标检测以及跟踪具有至关重要的作用。本文提出使用YOLOV7算法对红外图像目标进行识别,确定红外图像训练集,对图像进行预处理后完成模型的训练及更新,最终实现对红外图像目标的识别。将KCF算法应用于红外图像目标跟踪,研究KCF算法对目标的跟踪流程,使用KCF算法和DCF算法进行仿真分析发现,同等情况下,KCF算法的跟踪准确率为78%,优于DCF算法。

DDPG深度强化学习算法在无人船目标追踪与救援中的应用

为保证海上救援活动的高效性,研究结合深度确定性策略梯度算法(Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient,DDPG)从状态空间、动作空间、奖励函数方面对船只追踪救援目标算法进行设计,并实际应用到无人船追踪救援之中。结果显示DDPG算法的稳定成功率接近100%,性能优异。该设计的算法最终回合累积奖励值能够稳定在10左右,而平均时长则能稳定在80 s左右,能够根据周边环境的状态调整自己的运动策略,满足海上救援活动中的紧迫性要求,能为相关领域的研究提供一条新的思路。

基于CNN和DCGAN的小样本船舶辐射噪声识别方法

文中建立一种基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)和深度卷积生成对抗网络(deep convolutional generative adversarial networks,DCGAN)的船舶目标识别方法.通过采集的船舶辐射噪声数据,以梅尔频谱(Mel spectrogram)作为网络的输入特征,使用DCGAN网络对频谱变换后的样本进行扩充,利用微调的VGG16(visual geometry group)网络实现船舶目标分类,实现了网络收敛速度的提升和训练时间的减少.结果表明:采用所提方法可以生成较高质量的频谱样本,提高船舶辐射噪声识别的准确率.