Numerical simulation of coal wall cutting and lump coal formation in a fully mechanized mining face

It is difficult to accurately calculate the lump coal rate in a fully mechanized mining face.Therefore,a numerical simulation of the coal wall cutting process,which revealed the crack expansion,development,evolution in the coal body and the corresponding lump coal formation mechanism,was performed in PFC2D.Moreover,a correlation was established between the cutting force and lump coal formation,and a statistical analysis method was proposed to determine the lump coal rate.The following conclusions are drawn from the results:(1)Based on a soft ball model,a coal wall cutting model is established.By setting the roller parameters based on linear bonding and simulating the roller cutting process of the coal body,the coal wall cutting process is effectively simulated,and accurate lump coal rate statistics are provided.(2)Under the cutting stress,the coal body in the working face underwent three stages—microfracture generation,fracture expansion,and fracture penetration—to form lump coal,in which the fracture direction is orthogonal to the cutting pressure chain.Within a certain range from the roller,as the cutting depth of the roller increased,the number of new fractures in the coal body first increases and then stabilizes.(3)Under the cutting stress,the fractured coal body is locally compressed,thereby forming a compact core.The formation and destruction of the compact core causes fluctuations in the cutting force.The fluctuation amplitude is positively related to the coal mass.(4)Because the simulation does not consider secondary damage in the coal,the simulated lump coal rate is larger than the actual lump coal rate in the working face;this deviation is mainly concentrated in large lump coal with a diameter greater than 300 mm.

Study on Filling Cross-Roadway in Fully-Mechanized Coal Faces with High Water-Content Material

A new method using high water content material to mechanically fill cross roadways to form artificial bottom for coal faces was introduced. The reasonable determination of filling range, the optimization of the compounding ratio of high water content material, and the filling technique were discussed in detail. This new method has been spread after industrial testing in Baodian Colliery. Compared with the traditional method, the manual wooden chock method, the new one decreases about 40% of the filling range and cost in dealing every one set of cross roadway in the testing condition.

Reliability analysis of the velocity matching of coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face

The matching relationship between coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face is analyzed in detail from the angle of reliability. The coupling equation of reliability is established correspondingly, and the mathematical equation of the coefficient of velocity matching of coal cutting and caving is obtained, which meets a certain reliability demand for making the working procedure of coal caving not influence coal cutting of coal-cutter. The results show that the relationship between the coefficient of the velocity matching and the reliability of coal cutting and caving system is linear on the whole when R <0.9. It is pointed out that different numerical value should be selected for different coal face according to different demand for reliability.

Back-and-forth mining for hard and thick coal seams—research about the mining technology for fully mechanized caving working face of Datong Mine

The article introduced the key technology, mining process, and back-and-forth mining method for the caving working face of hard-thick coal seams in Datong mine, and researched this innovations process, optimized the systemic design and working face out-play, tried to perfect the caving mining technology of hard-thick coal seams further.

Analysis and key control technologies to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines

In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China,we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain theoretically the factors affecting spontaneous coal combustion,such as rock bursts,high temperatures,high ventilation resistance,slow advancing speed and large obliquity mining.Key technologies to prevent spontaneous combustion occurring in sharply inclined seams in deep mines are proposed;these include pouring water,stopping leakage in upper and lower corners of the working face,choking off the goaf and covering the coal.CO concentrations were controlled within two years to less than 15×10-6 at the upper corner by applying these technologies at the 1410 working face of the Huafeng coal mine.Our method has significant theoretical value and is of practical importance in controlling spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines.

Waste-filling in fully-mechanized coal mining and its application

A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes) is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed. These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.

Ground pressure and overlying strata structure for a repeated mining face of residual coal after room and pillar mining

To investigate the abnormal ground pressures and roof control problem in fully mechanized repeated mining of residual coal after room and pillar mining,the roof fracture structural model and mechanical model were developed using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.The roof fracture characteristics of a repeated mining face were revealed and the ground pressure law and roof supporting conditions of the repeated mining face were obtained.The results indicate that when the repeated mining face passes the residual pillars,the sudden instability causes fracturing in the main roof above the old goaf and forms an extra-large rock block above the mining face.A relatively stable ‘‘Voussoir beam" structure is formed after the advance fracturing of the main roof.When the repeated mining face passes the old goaf,as the large rock block revolves and touches gangue,the rock block will break secondarily under overburden rock loads.An example calculation was performed involving an integrated mine in Shanxi province,results showed that minimum working resistance values of support determined to be reasonable were respectively 11,412 kN and 10,743 kN when repeated mining face passed through residual pillar and goaf.On-site ground pressure monitoring results indicated that the mechanical model and support resistance calculation were reasonable.

煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪研究

煤矿综采工作面空间小、照明环境复杂多变,采煤过程中伴随着大量的粉尘、大雾,导致采集的图像出现曝光、细节特征减弱等问题,难以对井下照明区域光照强度过大的图像进行有效的特征提取。针对上述问题,提出了一种煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法。首先,将视频截取为图像,判断图像是否需要进行光照抑制,将需要进行光照抑制的RGB图像拆分通道,并计算每个通道的光照调节因子,实现图像的整体光照调节;然后,将未进行整体光照抑制的图像和经整体光照抑制的图像进行反射分量提取,即将输入的图像转换为HSV空间图像,使用单尺度Retinex(SSR)算法对V通道图像中的光照分量进行单独处理,将V分量中的入射分量去除,保留反射分量,并对反射分量使用直方图均衡算法实现光照均衡化处理;最后,使用基于引导滤波的暗通道先验算法对经过光照处理后的图像进行去雾处理,并使用伽马校正函数重新调节亮度不均的图像。主观评价结果表明:提出的煤矿井下非均匀照度图像去噪算法有效抑制了因光照导致整体亮度较高的问题,且由于大雾、粉尘等因素导致图像模糊的部分更加清晰,图像的细节特征更加突出。采用信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率4种评价指标对提出的算法效果进行客观评价,结果表明,提出的算法在信息熵、均值、标准差、空间频率上较多尺度Retinex(MSR)算法分别平均提升了21.87%,-56.06%,153.43%,294.45%,较基于颜色保持的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCP)算法分别平均提升了1.18%,-39.56%,33.29%,-4.71%,较带色彩恢复的多尺度视网膜增强(MSRCR)算法分别平均提升了38.06%,-55.27%,462.10%,300.96%,说明提出的算法能更有效地增加图像信息量、抑制光照强度、提升边缘信息及图像清晰度。

基于残差优化的综采工作面煤壁点云补全方法

煤矿综采工作面巷道的数字化三维重建过程中需要完整且密集的煤壁点云数据。受遮挡、视角限制等因素影响,采集的综采工作面煤壁点云数据往往不完整且稀疏,影响下游任务,需进行煤壁点云修复和补全。目前缺少针对井下点云补全任务的数据集和网络模型,现有模型用于煤壁点云补全时存在点云密度分布不均匀、点云特征信息丢失等情况。针对上述问题,设计了一种基于残差优化的煤壁点云补全网络模型,采用监督学习方式学习点云特征信息,通过最小化密度采样和残差网络迭代优化输出完整点云。采集煤矿井下真实综采工作面煤壁点云数据,预处理后筛选可用数据,通过模拟随机空洞制作煤壁点云缺失数据集,并用缺失数据集训练基于残差优化的煤壁点云补全网络模型。实验结果表明:与经典的FoldingNet,TopNet,AtlasNet,PCN,3D-Capsule点云补全网络模型相比,基于残差优化的煤壁点云补全网络模型针对构造的缺失煤壁点云和稀疏煤壁点云补全的倒角距离、地移距离及F1分数均能达到最优水平,整体补全效果最佳;针对实际缺失的煤壁点云,该模型能够实现有效补全。

坚硬顶板切顶卸压技术对巷道围岩变形规律影响

针对特厚煤层坚硬顶板、宽煤柱条件下临空巷道面临的高围岩应力、大变形等问题,以老石旦煤矿16403综放工作面为工程研究背景,从宽煤柱顶板侧向破断结构角度对临空巷道大变形的影响因素进行了理论分析,采用数值模拟方法研究了对16402运输巷实施不同切顶卸压方案时,临近采空区的16403回风巷侧向顶板采动应力传递规律,并在现场施工水力压裂钻孔进行切顶卸压,实现临空巷道围岩变形控制。研究结果表明:“低位坚硬岩层悬臂梁+高位坚硬岩层砌体梁”破断结构是特厚煤层宽煤柱临空巷道大变形的主要原因,可采用切顶卸压技术破坏宽煤柱顶板侧向破断结构来控制临空巷道围岩大变形;切顶角变化可使关键块B长度发生改变,切顶角越大,则关键块B长度越小,临空侧顶板载荷向煤柱传递的程度越弱,临空巷道围岩承受的采动应力越小,切顶角为100°时临空巷道围岩垂直应力与变形量最小;在16402运输巷以切顶角100°施工水力压裂钻孔后,16403回风巷顶底板变形量较未实施切顶卸压的16402回风巷减小86.5%,两帮变形量减小87.1%,临空巷道围岩稳定性得到极大提高。

6~10 m厚煤层超大采高液压支架及其工作面系统自适应智能耦合控制

厚煤层储量及产量占我国原煤总储量及产量的一半,通过梳理厚煤层开采历史沿革,总结了我国厚煤层开采40年来的技术及装备研发实践,系统分析了以高端大采高液压支架及围岩智能耦合理论为代表的6~10 m大采高综采高效智能化综采技术及装备研究进展,提出了大采高支护理论及围岩智能耦合控制的突破是厚煤层一次开采高度突破的首要因素,完善的感知体系建立是液压支架自适应支护的前提,数字技术的应用为大采高工作面高效推进及装备智能协同控制提供了新的技术途径;阐明了大采高综放液压支架与围岩耦合关系,剖析了采高增加对硬煤层冒放性的有利影响,提出了基于煤矸识别、放煤机构控制的“纯煤段记忆放煤+煤岩分界模糊段人工反馈式干预放煤”的智能放煤控制策略;分析了大采高开采“采–运”协同智能耦合控制关键技术,构建了基于采煤机牵引速度与刮板输送机链速间联动调节的工作面装备间多机异构耦合自适应协同控制模型;研发了厚煤层开采中10 m超大采高液压支架,分析了厚煤层开采不断突破开采高度极限的新认识,从开采装备、控制系统等方面提出厚煤层一次开采高度的突破的研发方向。

两次采动影响下小煤柱巷道切顶卸压围岩控制技术

为解决多次采动影响下留小煤柱巷道矿压显现剧烈、围岩变形量大的问题,提出了“切顶卸压+顶、帮锚索补强”联合控制技术。以贾家沟煤矿10115运输巷为工程背景,分析了切顶卸压位置、高度与巷道围岩垂直应力分布的关系,给出切顶卸压关键参数,并研究了留小煤柱巷道在切顶卸压后受两次采动影响下的矿压显现规律。结果表明:切顶卸压后,煤柱上的应力峰值随切顶深度的增加呈指数降低;10115运输巷在邻近工作面一次采动过程中巷道围岩变形依次呈现出无变形、缓慢变形、快速变形和围岩稳定的变化规律,本工作面二次采动过程中巷道围岩变形依次呈现出明显变形和剧烈变形的规律;巷道围岩在受二次采动影响时变形更加剧烈,巷道变形量为一次采动时的3.0~7.5倍。

基于OpenGL的三维地质建模及资源量估算

OpenGL是用于渲染2D、3D矢量图形的跨语言、跨平台的应用程序编程接口,常用于CAD、虚拟现实、科学可视化程序和电子游戏开发,可以与Visual C++紧密接口,便于实现机械手的有关计算和图形算法,可保证算法的正确性和可靠性,尤其是矿产资源估算中具有良好的应用效果。本文以Python软件平台为基础,以某内蒙古鄂尔多斯上湾煤矿为例,根据已有的煤矿煤层数据资料建立煤层三维地质数学模型,对综采面煤炭储量数据进行估算,并将矿井综采面实际掘进回采数据做为对照组,数据表明,该方法的较传统块段法更准确可靠。

高瓦斯综放面开切眼架前膨胀预裂坚硬顶板切顶技术研究

针对高瓦斯坚硬顶板综放工作面初采期来压步距大及顶煤损失的问题,提出代替火药爆破的开切眼架前及两顺槽煤柱侧静态膨胀预裂切顶技术;采用数值模拟方法确定了静态膨胀预裂切顶的关键参数,设计了切顶方案及工艺,并通过现场工程应用验证了静态膨胀预裂切顶技术的有效性。结果表明:综放工作面初采前在开切眼架前及两顺槽煤柱侧实施静态膨胀预裂切顶,既保证了开切眼设备安装期间的安全性,又可在后续采动应力的作用下顶板及时破断,减小坚硬顶板初次来压步距和强度;当综放工作面初采推进至开切眼宽度时发生初次来压,人工减跨效果良好,不仅提前回收了工作面的顶煤资源,而且还消除了坚硬顶板大面积悬顶带来的诸多重大安全隐患,研究成果可在类似条件下代替炸药爆破进行推广应用。

煤矿综采工作面作业人员定位与液压支架的协同控制方法研究

为进一步提高煤矿综采面作业安全性,以智能化工作为切入点,提出了一套煤矿综采面作业人员定位与液压支架系统控制系统;通过设计人员精准定位系统、划分采煤工作面控制区、设计系统对接等方面,最终构建出智能化、自动化的煤矿综采面工作系统。协同控制系统在大柳塔煤矿的模拟应用表明:系统安全性强、稳定性高,可有效保障煤矿综采面作业人员的生命安全。

基于覆岩破断特征的极薄煤层工作面支架工作阻力确定

延安子长矿区极薄煤层分布广泛,因赋存煤炭为稀缺配焦煤,回采价值较高,但该矿区未有过开采极薄煤层的先例,开采过程中面临支架选型不合理的问题,且国内在该方面的研究成果较少,因此,以禾草沟二号煤矿极薄煤层综采工作面为背景,通过数值模拟、理论分析等研究了极薄煤层综采工作面顶板覆岩结构破断特征及其演化过程,建立了采场顶板岩梁断裂前后力学解析模型,获得了极薄煤层综采工作面直接顶周期破断距,确定了合理支架工作阻力。结果表明:极薄煤层工作面开采初期顶板垮落后会较快的对上覆岩层形成支撑,至顶板极限跨距后,直接顶与基本顶周期破断,且基本顶破断位置位于直接顶破断线前方,两者间存在离层空间,共同回转下沉;工作面液压支架主要受直接顶回转载荷作用,其作用载荷为3 980.89 kN,确定支架选型为ZZ4000/6.5/13D四柱支撑掩护式液压支架;现场应用后,可以有效发挥支架支护性能,满足采场围岩控制要求。研究成果为国内极薄煤层开采工作面支架选型提供了一定的参考。

综采工作面采空区煤自燃全周期防治技术体系

为解决杭来湾煤矿综采工作面开采期间采空区煤自燃防治难题,以该矿30201工作面为例,总结分析了煤层自然发火灾害特点,根据工作面开采条件,提出了基于监测预警、控制遗煤、减氧控温的多方位煤自燃防治技术体系总体思路,并针对工作面安装、初采、回采、停采等期间的不同防灭火需求,制定针对性防灭火措施,建立了综采工作面采空区煤自燃全周期防治技术体系,保障了该工作面开采全周期火灾防治工作顺利完成。

矿井综采工作面智能化建设探索与研究

煤炭行业发展经历了从粗放型向集约型的转变,要想建设安全、高效型矿井,必然要进行智能化改造。综采设备在煤矿井下开采中占据着十分重要的地位,其功效直接关系到煤矿企业的生产安全和效率,不容忽视。为全面提高矿井智能化水平,提升井下开采效率,以唐安煤矿3307综采工作面为例,对工作面智能化控制系统进行了探讨。