The article introduced the key technology, mining process, and back-and-forth mining method for the caving working face of hard-thick coal seams in Datong mine, and researched this innovations process, optimized the s...The article introduced the key technology, mining process, and back-and-forth mining method for the caving working face of hard-thick coal seams in Datong mine, and researched this innovations process, optimized the systemic design and working face out-play, tried to perfect the caving mining technology of hard-thick coal seams further.展开更多
Fully mechanized mining(FMM)technology has been applied in Chinese coal mines for more than 40 years.At present,the output of a FMM face has reached 10-million tons with Chinese-made equipment.In this study,the new de...Fully mechanized mining(FMM)technology has been applied in Chinese coal mines for more than 40 years.At present,the output of a FMM face has reached 10-million tons with Chinese-made equipment.In this study,the new developments in FMM technology and equipment in Chinese coal mines during past decades are introduced.The automatic FMM technology for thin seams,complete sets of FMM technology with ultra large shear height of 7 m for thick seams,complete sets of fully mechanized top coal caving technology with large shear height for ultra-thick seams of 20 m,complete sets of FMM technology for complex and difficult seams,including steeply inclined seams,soft coal seams with large inclination angle,and the mechanized filling mining technology and equipment are presented.Some typical case studies are also introduced.Finally,the existing problems with the FMM technology are discussed,and prospect of FMM technology and equipment applied in Chinese coal mines is put forward.展开更多
In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China,we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain t...In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China,we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain theoretically the factors affecting spontaneous coal combustion,such as rock bursts,high temperatures,high ventilation resistance,slow advancing speed and large obliquity mining.Key technologies to prevent spontaneous combustion occurring in sharply inclined seams in deep mines are proposed;these include pouring water,stopping leakage in upper and lower corners of the working face,choking off the goaf and covering the coal.CO concentrations were controlled within two years to less than 15×10-6 at the upper corner by applying these technologies at the 1410 working face of the Huafeng coal mine.Our method has significant theoretical value and is of practical importance in controlling spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines.展开更多
The variation of the stress in the bolted surrounding rocks structure of the roadway driven along goaf in a fully mechanized top coal caving face with moderate stable conditions are studied by using numerical calculat...The variation of the stress in the bolted surrounding rocks structure of the roadway driven along goaf in a fully mechanized top coal caving face with moderate stable conditions are studied by using numerical calculation. The essential deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks in this kind of roadway are obtained and the key technology of bolting support used under these conditions is put forward.展开更多
Characteristics of gas emission at the K8206 working face in the Third mine of the Yangquan Coal Group were investigated. The effects of strata movement,advancing velocity of working face,production capacity of workin...Characteristics of gas emission at the K8206 working face in the Third mine of the Yangquan Coal Group were investigated. The effects of strata movement,advancing velocity of working face,production capacity of working face and gas extraction capability of strike high-level entry on gas emission at K8206 working face were analyzed. A regression equation,reflecting the relationship between relative gas emission rate and the production capacity of work-ing faces,was established. Another regression equation showing the relationship between the gas emission rate from adjacent layers when the working face was advancing for one metre and advancing velocity was derived. It can be con-cluded that,1) the amount of gas emitted at the K8206 working face is far greater than that of ordinary top coal caving faces with a dip length of 180-190 m; 2) the dynamic process of gas emission from adjacent layers during the initial mining stage is controlled by the movement of key strata; 3) the amount of gas emitted that needs to be forced out by air is greatly affected by the capability of gas extraction; 4) when the advancing velocity is between 3.5-5.5 m/d or when the output is up to 8-12 kt/d,the gas emission from adjacent layers is almost constant.展开更多
Similar material simulation test was carried out in a geological model ofW_(9-15)101 fully mechanized caving face with large mining height in the Liuhuanggou Colliery,in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region.The roof overl...Similar material simulation test was carried out in a geological model ofW_(9-15)101 fully mechanized caving face with large mining height in the Liuhuanggou Colliery,in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region.The roof overlying strata movement law in thestope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height was studied and showthat the roof overlying strata in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large miningheight can be formed into a stable arch structure; the fracture rock beam is formed resemblinga 'bond beam', but it has essentially the structure of 'multi-span beams' underthe big structure of the stable arch.The roof overlying strata movement law in the stope ofa fully mechanized caving face with large mining height is similar to that of the common,fully mechanized caving stope, which is determined by the deformation and instability ofthe structure of 'multi-span beams'.But because of the differences between the miningheights, the peak pressure in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large miningheight is smaller while the affected area of abutment pressure is wider in the front of theworking face; this is the obvious difference in abutment pressure between the stope of afully mechanized caving face with large mining height and that of the common.展开更多
Under the action of abutment pressure in front of fully mechanized coal face with sublevel caving(CFSC),top-coal over CFSC deformed.In the process of whole de- formation of top-coal,it changed from continuum elastic m...Under the action of abutment pressure in front of fully mechanized coal face with sublevel caving(CFSC),top-coal over CFSC deformed.In the process of whole de- formation of top-coal,it changed from continuum elastic mass to non-continuum plastic mass contained fissures,become a loose body.According to its bearing characteristics and mechanical properties,top-coal mass can be divided into four deformation zones along the winning direction of CFSC,i.e.initial stress zone,elastic zone,plastic zone and loose zone.Top-coal in plastic zone located in the post-peak zone of the stress-strain curve for top-coal.With equivalent strain principle of damage mechanics and mathemati- cal theory of statistic,combining the movement law of top-coal,set up a constitutive equa- tion with damage statistics for top-coal in different position in CFSC.The equation illus- trated the mathematical relationship among top-coal bearing capacity,horizontal confining pressure along the winning direction of CFSC and mechanical properties of top-coal mate- rial.The conclusions not only provide a basis for numerical computer simulations on damage deformation and failure mechanism for top-coal,but also further promote the ap- plication of damage mechanics in CFSC.展开更多
The matching relationship between coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face is analyzed in detail from the angle of reliability. The coupling equation of reliability is established corresponding...The matching relationship between coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face is analyzed in detail from the angle of reliability. The coupling equation of reliability is established correspondingly, and the mathematical equation of the coefficient of velocity matching of coal cutting and caving is obtained, which meets a certain reliability demand for making the working procedure of coal caving not influence coal cutting of coal-cutter. The results show that the relationship between the coefficient of the velocity matching and the reliability of coal cutting and caving system is linear on the whole when R <0.9. It is pointed out that different numerical value should be selected for different coal face according to different demand for reliability.展开更多
The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mecha...The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.展开更多
Based on break characteristics of roofs in fully mechanized top-coal mining of thick shallow coal seams, a fracture mechanics model was built, and the criterion of crack propagation in the main roof was derived using ...Based on break characteristics of roofs in fully mechanized top-coal mining of thick shallow coal seams, a fracture mechanics model was built, and the criterion of crack propagation in the main roof was derived using the fracture mechanics theory. The relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were discovered, and the correlations between the load on the overlying strata and the ratio of the crack's length to the thickness of the roof were obtained. Using a working face of Jindi Coal Mine, Xing county Shanxi province as an example, the relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were analysed in detail. The results give a design basis in hydraulic top coal caving supports, which could provide useful references in the practical application. On-site experiment proves that the periodic weighting step interval of the caving face is 15–16 m, which is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis results, and indicates that the mechanized caving hydraulic support is capable of meeting the support requirements in the mining of a super-thick but shallowly buried coal seam.展开更多
A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes) is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-us...A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes) is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed. These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.展开更多
Abstract On the basis of analyzing floor strata mechanical circumstance of the roadway, the mechanical model was established. The relative displacement of roadway floor, narrow pillar floor coal mass and floor strata ...Abstract On the basis of analyzing floor strata mechanical circumstance of the roadway, the mechanical model was established. The relative displacement of roadway floor, narrow pillar floor coal mass and floor strata was calculated, the results showed that the high abutment pressure on coal mass beside the roadway was the main reason to lead to relative displacement of floor strata. And the roadway floor heave come mainly from three aspects. Firstly, the roadway floor strata is easily fractured by the stretch stress. Secondly, because the high abutment pressure is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of floor strata, when the roadway floor strata are fractured, the coal mass floor strata at the same depth will be fractured, and broken rock will fluid into the open roadway. Thirdly, comparing with the coal mass floor, the roadway floor is relative ascending.展开更多
According to a lot of practical data in Liujialiang Mine and reliability theory and result of computer simulation, operation regularity of fully mechanized sublevel caving mining production system in the condition of ...According to a lot of practical data in Liujialiang Mine and reliability theory and result of computer simulation, operation regularity of fully mechanized sublevel caving mining production system in the condition of gently inclined complicated geological structure and production shortcomings are found out and reliability of system and output of the working face are predicted finally.展开更多
To investigate the abnormal ground pressures and roof control problem in fully mechanized repeated mining of residual coal after room and pillar mining,the roof fracture structural model and mechanical model were deve...To investigate the abnormal ground pressures and roof control problem in fully mechanized repeated mining of residual coal after room and pillar mining,the roof fracture structural model and mechanical model were developed using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.The roof fracture characteristics of a repeated mining face were revealed and the ground pressure law and roof supporting conditions of the repeated mining face were obtained.The results indicate that when the repeated mining face passes the residual pillars,the sudden instability causes fracturing in the main roof above the old goaf and forms an extra-large rock block above the mining face.A relatively stable ‘‘Voussoir beam" structure is formed after the advance fracturing of the main roof.When the repeated mining face passes the old goaf,as the large rock block revolves and touches gangue,the rock block will break secondarily under overburden rock loads.An example calculation was performed involving an integrated mine in Shanxi province,results showed that minimum working resistance values of support determined to be reasonable were respectively 11,412 kN and 10,743 kN when repeated mining face passed through residual pillar and goaf.On-site ground pressure monitoring results indicated that the mechanical model and support resistance calculation were reasonable.展开更多
基金Supported by the Production Safety and Supervision of Management Bureau of China(04-116) the Returned Overseas Scholar Fund of Educational Department of China(2003406)+1 种基金 the Soft Science Planning Program of Shandong Province(A200423-6) the National Soft Science Planed Program (2004DGQ3D090)
文摘The article introduced the key technology, mining process, and back-and-forth mining method for the caving working face of hard-thick coal seams in Datong mine, and researched this innovations process, optimized the systemic design and working face out-play, tried to perfect the caving mining technology of hard-thick coal seams further.
文摘Fully mechanized mining(FMM)technology has been applied in Chinese coal mines for more than 40 years.At present,the output of a FMM face has reached 10-million tons with Chinese-made equipment.In this study,the new developments in FMM technology and equipment in Chinese coal mines during past decades are introduced.The automatic FMM technology for thin seams,complete sets of FMM technology with ultra large shear height of 7 m for thick seams,complete sets of fully mechanized top coal caving technology with large shear height for ultra-thick seams of 20 m,complete sets of FMM technology for complex and difficult seams,including steeply inclined seams,soft coal seams with large inclination angle,and the mechanized filling mining technology and equipment are presented.Some typical case studies are also introduced.Finally,the existing problems with the FMM technology are discussed,and prospect of FMM technology and equipment applied in Chinese coal mines is put forward.
基金Projects 2007B53 supported by the Foundation for National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of ChinaBK2008123 by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
文摘In order to prevent spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines in China,we have analyzed the characteristics of spontaneous coal combustion and explain theoretically the factors affecting spontaneous coal combustion,such as rock bursts,high temperatures,high ventilation resistance,slow advancing speed and large obliquity mining.Key technologies to prevent spontaneous combustion occurring in sharply inclined seams in deep mines are proposed;these include pouring water,stopping leakage in upper and lower corners of the working face,choking off the goaf and covering the coal.CO concentrations were controlled within two years to less than 15×10-6 at the upper corner by applying these technologies at the 1410 working face of the Huafeng coal mine.Our method has significant theoretical value and is of practical importance in controlling spontaneous coal combustion occurring at a fully mechanized caving face with large obliquity in deep mines.
文摘The variation of the stress in the bolted surrounding rocks structure of the roadway driven along goaf in a fully mechanized top coal caving face with moderate stable conditions are studied by using numerical calculation. The essential deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks in this kind of roadway are obtained and the key technology of bolting support used under these conditions is put forward.
基金Projects 50374066 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNCET-05-0478 by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘Characteristics of gas emission at the K8206 working face in the Third mine of the Yangquan Coal Group were investigated. The effects of strata movement,advancing velocity of working face,production capacity of working face and gas extraction capability of strike high-level entry on gas emission at K8206 working face were analyzed. A regression equation,reflecting the relationship between relative gas emission rate and the production capacity of work-ing faces,was established. Another regression equation showing the relationship between the gas emission rate from adjacent layers when the working face was advancing for one metre and advancing velocity was derived. It can be con-cluded that,1) the amount of gas emitted at the K8206 working face is far greater than that of ordinary top coal caving faces with a dip length of 180-190 m; 2) the dynamic process of gas emission from adjacent layers during the initial mining stage is controlled by the movement of key strata; 3) the amount of gas emitted that needs to be forced out by air is greatly affected by the capability of gas extraction; 4) when the advancing velocity is between 3.5-5.5 m/d or when the output is up to 8-12 kt/d,the gas emission from adjacent layers is almost constant.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China(50674045)
文摘Similar material simulation test was carried out in a geological model ofW_(9-15)101 fully mechanized caving face with large mining height in the Liuhuanggou Colliery,in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region.The roof overlying strata movement law in thestope of a fully mechanized caving face with large mining height was studied and showthat the roof overlying strata in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large miningheight can be formed into a stable arch structure; the fracture rock beam is formed resemblinga 'bond beam', but it has essentially the structure of 'multi-span beams' underthe big structure of the stable arch.The roof overlying strata movement law in the stope ofa fully mechanized caving face with large mining height is similar to that of the common,fully mechanized caving stope, which is determined by the deformation and instability ofthe structure of 'multi-span beams'.But because of the differences between the miningheights, the peak pressure in the stope of a fully mechanized caving face with large miningheight is smaller while the affected area of abutment pressure is wider in the front of theworking face; this is the obvious difference in abutment pressure between the stope of afully mechanized caving face with large mining height and that of the common.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40638040/D0214,50534070/E04)
文摘Under the action of abutment pressure in front of fully mechanized coal face with sublevel caving(CFSC),top-coal over CFSC deformed.In the process of whole de- formation of top-coal,it changed from continuum elastic mass to non-continuum plastic mass contained fissures,become a loose body.According to its bearing characteristics and mechanical properties,top-coal mass can be divided into four deformation zones along the winning direction of CFSC,i.e.initial stress zone,elastic zone,plastic zone and loose zone.Top-coal in plastic zone located in the post-peak zone of the stress-strain curve for top-coal.With equivalent strain principle of damage mechanics and mathemati- cal theory of statistic,combining the movement law of top-coal,set up a constitutive equa- tion with damage statistics for top-coal in different position in CFSC.The equation illus- trated the mathematical relationship among top-coal bearing capacity,horizontal confining pressure along the winning direction of CFSC and mechanical properties of top-coal mate- rial.The conclusions not only provide a basis for numerical computer simulations on damage deformation and failure mechanism for top-coal,but also further promote the ap- plication of damage mechanics in CFSC.
文摘The matching relationship between coal cutting and caving in fully mechanized top-coal caving face is analyzed in detail from the angle of reliability. The coupling equation of reliability is established correspondingly, and the mathematical equation of the coefficient of velocity matching of coal cutting and caving is obtained, which meets a certain reliability demand for making the working procedure of coal caving not influence coal cutting of coal-cutter. The results show that the relationship between the coefficient of the velocity matching and the reliability of coal cutting and caving system is linear on the whole when R <0.9. It is pointed out that different numerical value should be selected for different coal face according to different demand for reliability.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (50874042, 50674046)National Science Important Foundation (50634050)Hunan Science Foundation (06JJ50092)
文摘The three-dimensional damage constitutive relationship of coal is established and distribution law of the abutment pressure of the integrated coal beside the road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face under the effect of given deformation of the main roof is analyzed by the damage mechanics theory. And the relationship between distribution of the abutment pressure and thickness of coal seam is explored. The presented result is of great theoretical significance and practical value to the study on stability control of the surrounding rock of road-in packing for gob-side entry retaining in fully-mechanized caving face.
文摘Based on break characteristics of roofs in fully mechanized top-coal mining of thick shallow coal seams, a fracture mechanics model was built, and the criterion of crack propagation in the main roof was derived using the fracture mechanics theory. The relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were discovered, and the correlations between the load on the overlying strata and the ratio of the crack's length to the thickness of the roof were obtained. Using a working face of Jindi Coal Mine, Xing county Shanxi province as an example, the relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were analysed in detail. The results give a design basis in hydraulic top coal caving supports, which could provide useful references in the practical application. On-site experiment proves that the periodic weighting step interval of the caving face is 15–16 m, which is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis results, and indicates that the mechanized caving hydraulic support is capable of meeting the support requirements in the mining of a super-thick but shallowly buried coal seam.
基金supports for this work provided by Na-tional basic research program of China (No. 2007CB209400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50834004)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50574090) SR Foundation of China University of Mining & Technology (No. 50634050)
文摘A fully-mechanized coal mining (FMCM) technology capable of filling up the goaf with wastes (including solid wastes) is described. Industrial tests have proved that by using this technology not only can waste be re-used but also coal resources can be exploited with a higher recovery rate without removing buildings located over the working faces. Two special devices, a hydraulic support and a scraper conveyor, run side-by-side on the same working face to simultaneously realize mining and filling. These are described in detail. The tests allow analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence when backfilling techniques are employed. These values are compared to those from mining without using backfilling techniques, under the same geological conditions. The concept of equivalent mining height is proposed based on theoretical analysis of rock pressure and ground subsidence. The upper limits of the rock pressure and ground subsidence can be estimated in backfilling mining using this concept along with traditional engineering formulae.
文摘Abstract On the basis of analyzing floor strata mechanical circumstance of the roadway, the mechanical model was established. The relative displacement of roadway floor, narrow pillar floor coal mass and floor strata was calculated, the results showed that the high abutment pressure on coal mass beside the roadway was the main reason to lead to relative displacement of floor strata. And the roadway floor heave come mainly from three aspects. Firstly, the roadway floor strata is easily fractured by the stretch stress. Secondly, because the high abutment pressure is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of floor strata, when the roadway floor strata are fractured, the coal mass floor strata at the same depth will be fractured, and broken rock will fluid into the open roadway. Thirdly, comparing with the coal mass floor, the roadway floor is relative ascending.
文摘According to a lot of practical data in Liujialiang Mine and reliability theory and result of computer simulation, operation regularity of fully mechanized sublevel caving mining production system in the condition of gently inclined complicated geological structure and production shortcomings are found out and reliability of system and output of the working face are predicted finally.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2014CB046905)Innovation Project for Graduates in Jiangsu Province (No.KYLX15_1405)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51274191 and 51404245)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (No.20130095110018)
文摘To investigate the abnormal ground pressures and roof control problem in fully mechanized repeated mining of residual coal after room and pillar mining,the roof fracture structural model and mechanical model were developed using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.The roof fracture characteristics of a repeated mining face were revealed and the ground pressure law and roof supporting conditions of the repeated mining face were obtained.The results indicate that when the repeated mining face passes the residual pillars,the sudden instability causes fracturing in the main roof above the old goaf and forms an extra-large rock block above the mining face.A relatively stable ‘‘Voussoir beam" structure is formed after the advance fracturing of the main roof.When the repeated mining face passes the old goaf,as the large rock block revolves and touches gangue,the rock block will break secondarily under overburden rock loads.An example calculation was performed involving an integrated mine in Shanxi province,results showed that minimum working resistance values of support determined to be reasonable were respectively 11,412 kN and 10,743 kN when repeated mining face passed through residual pillar and goaf.On-site ground pressure monitoring results indicated that the mechanical model and support resistance calculation were reasonable.