Polycrystalline ZSM-5 Aggregates Induced by Seed and Catalytic Performance in Methanol to Hydrocarbon

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite typically utilizes small molecule polyamines or quaternary ammonium salts as organic structure guiding agent(OSDA).By contrast,the OSDA-free hydrothermal synthesis system eliminates the use of organic templates and the subsequent calcination procedure.This not only reduces the cost of synthesis,but also prevents environmental pollution from the combustion of organic templates,representing an eco-friendly approach.Despite this,literature suggests that even so-called template-free synthesis systems often involve trace amount of organic substances like alcohol.In the present work,a calcined commercial ZSM-5 zeolite was served as seed,with sodium aluminate as aluminum source and silica sol as silicon source,ensuring an entirely template-free synthesis system.Polycrystalline ZSM-5 aggregates consisted of rod-like nanocrystals were successfully prepared in the completely OSDA-free system.Effects of the Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5 seed,dosage and crystallization conditions such as crystallization temperature and crystallization time on ZSM-5 synthesis were investigated.The results show that a highly crystallinity ZSM-5 aggregate consisting of primary nano-sized crystals less than 100 nm is produced from a gel precursor with 5.6%(in mass)seed after hydrothermal treatment for 48 h.Furthermore,the Si/Al ratio in ZSM-5 seed has little effect on the topological structure and pore structure of the synthesized samples.However,the seeds with a low Si/Al ratio facilitate faster crystallization of zeolite and enhance the acidity,especially the strong acid centers,of the catalyst.The catalytic performance of the synthesized polycrystalline ZSM-5 was evaluated during dehydration of methanol and compared with a commercial reference ZSM-5r.The results exhibit that as compared with the reference catalyst,the fabricated sample has a longer catalytic lifetime(16 h vs 8 h)attributed to its hierarchical pores derived from the loosely packed primary nanoparticles.Additionally,the prepared polycrystalline catalyst also exhibits a higher aromatics selectivity(28.1%-29.8%vs 26.5%).

基于SSI-GuidedLDA模型的引导式网络敏感信息识别研究

[研究目的]引导式主题模型可以引导生成有倾向性的敏感主题,提高网络敏感信息识别性能,对维护国家安全和社会稳定具有重要意义。[研究方法]针对当前网络敏感信息识别研究构建敏感信息特征不全面和不准确,从而导致识别性能欠佳的问题,提出基于SSI-GuidedLDA模型的引导式网络敏感信息识别方法。首先,从多源网络资源中爬取敏感种子词,并基于词向量模型Word2Vec获得种子词的敏感语义相关词,构建更为完备、准确的敏感特征。其次,将构建的敏感特征融入引导式主题模型,得到改进后的模型SSI-GuidedLDA。最后,基于SSI-GuidedLDA模型获得待识别信息的主题分布,通过主题分布概率判断其是否为网络敏感信息。[研究结论]在新浪微博数据集上的实验结果显示,与已有方法相比,提出的方法在准确率、召回率和F 1值上均有一定提高。

Design and optimization of the seed conveying system for belt-type highspeed corn seed guiding device

Seeding is an important part of improving corn yield.Currently,seed guide tubes are mostly used as transport devices.But the existing seed guide tubes cannot meet the requirements or achieve the goal of fixing the seed falling trajectory.A seed collision phenomenon occurs occasionally.So,in response to the problems that the seeds and seed guide tube collide or bounce under high speed operation,which results in a lower sowing qualification rate and poor spacing uniformity,a seed receiving and conveying system comprising a belt-type high-speed corn seed guiding device was designed and optimized,to meet the needs of high-speed precision sowing operations and improve the spacing uniformity.The factors affecting the seed conveying performance were obtained by analyzing the mechanical properties of the seeds at various movement stages.These factors were the number of seed cavities between adjacent seeds,the forward speed,the height from the ground,and the installation angle.Single factor simulation experiments were conducted by selecting the paddle spacing as the test factor and using the pass rate,reseeding rate,omission rate and coefficient of variation as the evaluation indexes to investigate the influence of the paddle spacing on the seed guide performance of the device and further determine the structural parameters of the paddle belt.Orthogonal rotation combination tests of three factors and five levels were also conducted through bench testing.Then the test outcomes were optimized.The results indicated that the best results were obtained when the number of seed cavity intervals between adjacent seeds was 5.16,the installation angle was 79.40°,and the height from the ground was 31.84 mm.At this time,the qualified rate was 98.49%,the repeated sowing rate was 0.48%,the missed sowing rate was 1.03%,and the coefficient of variation was 6.80%.Experiments were used to validate the optimization results,and all of the obtained index data satisfied the criteria for accurate and quick corn sowing.The study’s findings can serve as a theoretical foundation for a belt-type high-speed corn seed guiding device optimization test.

Gene expression profiles of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dynamically seeded on clinically available processed nerve allografts and collagen nerve guides

It was hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) could provide necessary trophic factors when seeded onto the surfaces of commonly used nerve graft substitutes. We aimed to determine the gene expression of MSCs when influenced by Avance■ Nerve Grafts or Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides. Human adipose-derived MSCs were cultured and dynamically seeded onto 30 Avance■ Nerve Grafts and 30 Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides for 12 hours. At six time points after seeding, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed for five samples per group. Neurotrophic [nerve growth factor(NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF), pleiotrophin(PTN), growth associated protein 43(GAP43) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)], myelination [peripheral myelin protein 22(PMP22) and myelin protein zero(MPZ)], angiogenic [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM1/CD31) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor alpha(VEGFA)], extracellular matrix(ECM) [collagen type alpha I(COL1A1), collagen type alpha III(COL3A1), Fibulin 1(FBLN1) and laminin subunit beta 2(LAMB2)] and cell surface marker cluster of differentiation 96(CD96) gene expression was quantified. Unseeded Avance■ Nerve Grafts and Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides were used to evaluate the baseline gene expression, and unseeded MSCs provided the baseline gene expression of MSCs. The interaction of MSCs with the Avance■ Nerve Grafts led to a short-term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF), myelination(PMP22 and MPZ) and angiogenic genes(CD31 and VEGFA) and a long-term upregulation of BDNF, VEGFA and COL1A1. The interaction between MSCs and the Neura Gen■ Nerve Guide led to short term upregulation of neurotrophic(NGF, GDNF and BDNF) myelination(PMP22 and MPZ), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM(COL1A1) and cell surface(CD96) genes and long-term upregulation of neurotrophic(GDNF and BDNF), angiogenic(CD31 and VEGFA), ECM genes(COL1A1, COL3A1, and FBLN1) and cell surface(CD96) genes. Analysis demonstrated MSCs seeded onto Neura Gen■ Nerve Guides expressed significantly higher levels of neurotrophic(PTN), angiogenic(VEGFA) and ECM(COL3A1, FBLN1) genes in the long term period compared to MSCs seeded onto Avance■ Nerve Grafts. Overall, the interaction between human MSCs and both nerve graft substitutes resulted in a significant upregulation of the expression of numerous genes important for nerve regeneration over time. The in vitro interaction of MSCs with the Neura Gen■ Nerve Guide was more pronounced, particularly in the long term period(> 14 days after seeding). These results suggest that MSC-seeding has potential to be applied in a clinical setting, which needs to be confirmed in future in vitro and in vivo research.

Resected tumor seeding in stomach wall due to endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) is a useful and relatively safe tool for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer. However, there have recently been several reports of tumor seeding after EUS-FNA of adenocarcinomas. A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to upper gastric pain. Examinations revealed a 20 mm mass in the pancreatic body, for which EUS-FNA was performed. The cytology of the lesion was adenocarcinoma, and the stage of the cancer was T3N0M0. The patient underwent surgery with curative intent, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. An enlarging gastric submucosal tumor was found on gastroscopy at 28 mo after surgery accompanied by a rising level of CA19-9. Biopsy result was adenocarcinoma, consistent with a pancreatic primary tumor. Tumor seeding after EUS-FNA was strongly suspected. The patient underwent surgical resection of the gastric tumor with curative intent. The pathological result of the resected gastric specimen was adenocarcinoma with a perfectly matched mucin special stain result with the previously resected pancreatic cancer. This is the first case report of tumor seeding after EUS-FNA which was surgically resected and inspected pathologically.

谷子穴播机勺链式导种装置设计与试验

针对谷子播种时在导种管内弹跳严重,导致谷子落地后成穴性差的问题,设计了一种谷子穴播机勺链式导种装置。其工作原理为通过约束种子运移轨迹提高其落地后成穴性,对关键零部件进行了设计,对纳种与投种过程进行了运动分析,确定了影响导种性能的重要因素。为获得最佳参数组合,分别以圆形勺、方形勺、方形平嘴勺3种种勺型式和ABS、橡胶、亚克力3种材料为因素进行单因素试验,试验结果表明方形平嘴勺和橡胶材料效果最佳。在此基础上,以纳种角度、纳种高度和链轮转速为纳种试验因素,以纳种合格率为评价指标;以投种高度、投种角度和链轮转速为投种试验因素,以穴径合格率、穴粒数合格率及穴距变异系数为投种评价指标,通过EDEM离散元仿真软件分别进行纳种过程与投种过程的三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合仿真试验。纳种过程最佳参数组合为:纳种角度45.95°、纳种高度74.05 mm、链轮转速1.76 r/s;投种过程最佳参数组合为:投种角度53.51°、投种高度25.96 mm、链轮转速1.98 r/s。为进一步验证导种装置性能,在最佳参数组合下进行台架验证试验与对比试验,验证试验中纳种合格率为95.53%、穴径合格率为93.29%、穴粒数合格率为94.73%、穴距变异系数为7.46%,台架验证试验结果与仿真试验结果基本一致,相对差值均小于5%;对比试验结果表明,安装勺链式导种装置的播种效果明显优于安装导种管的播种效果,穴径合格率、穴粒数合格率、穴距变异系数最大可提高2.75、3.43、3.25个百分点。

气力辅助充种式花生精量排种器设计与试验

针对花生播种向精准、高速方向发展过程中高速作业状态下花生种子充种效果差的问题,设计了一种气力辅助充种式花生精量排种器,重点设计了排种器排种盘结构和气力辅助充种结构。针对颗粒尺寸大、质量大的花生种子,通过对花生种子在排种器中堆积现象与充种时间进行分析,得出花生高速排种充种过程需增强充种性能,从而提高充种效率。通过对花生种子进行充种原理分析,阐明花生种子充种过程中种子与排种器的运动关系与受力关系,分析充种过程影响因素。通过设计带有导种槽的排种盘和带有辅助吹种型孔的辅助充种结构,分析计算排种盘吸种孔、导种槽的关键结构参数以及辅助吹种型孔参数与排列方式。以充种合格率和充种漏充率为指标,进行三因素三水平组合试验,对试验结果进行多元回归分析,以最优目标进行优化,确定排种盘最佳参数组合为排种器吸种负压5.156 kPa、花生高速播种机前进速度8.007 km/h、扰动吹种正压1.149 kPa,此时,花生充种合格率为95.84%、漏充率为4.06%,能够实现花生种子有效充种。

排种器导种技术研究现状及展望

播种质量是影响作物生长发育的重要因素,也是影响作物产量的关键因素。排种器作为播种机的核心部件,其安装位置受播种单体仿形机构的限制不易过低,故需在排种器下方安装导种装置来降低投种高度,从而改善因投种高度过高引发的种子轨迹难控制的现象。导种技术通过控制排种器所排出种子的运移轨迹改善播种质量。本文对国内外导种技术的研究现状进行了总结,主要包括机械式与气力式两类,对其工作原理、适用对象及核心技术进行了分析,提出导种技术现存问题及未来发展趋势,为促进导种技术的发展提供参考。

Treatment of portal vein tumor thrombus using ^(125)Iodine seed implantation brachytherapy

We reported two cases of liver metastasis with portal vein tumor thrombus that developed after liver transplantation for hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC). Both the patients were women aged 43 and 55 years, who had liver metastasis and portal vein tumor thrombus formation after liver transplantations for HCC.

油菜精量播种导种环节种子流有序性分析

针对油菜精量播种种子运移环节中排种器排出的单粒有序种子流在导种环节被破坏,造成播种均匀性降低的问题,该研究对导种过程种子流有序性进行分析,明确破坏种子流有序状态的主要原因是种子与导种管管壁的随机碰撞,而导致碰撞发生的主要因素是导种管曲线、内径和长度。导种过程离散元仿真试验表明,在相同内径及长度的导种管中,种子通过直线型导种管较S型导种管碰撞次数变异系数平均降低2.1个百分点,时间变异系数平均降低1.8个百分点;较抛物线型导种管平均碰撞次数变异系数降低0.5个百分点,平均时间变异系数降低0.5个百分点;在相同曲线及长度的导种管中,种子通过32 mm内径导种管较25 mm碰撞次数变异系数降低7.2个百分点,时间变异系数降低2.6个百分点;在相同曲线及内径的导种管中,无论缩短导种管的哪一部分长度均能降低碰撞次数及碰撞次数变异系数。种子流通过某一导种管的碰撞次数变异系数越大,时间变异系数越大,种子流下落轨迹越离散,种子流有序性越差,导种管曲线对种子流有序性的影响小于内径及长度。台架试验结果表明,采用直线型导种管较S型导种管粒距合格指数平均提高3.2个百分点,漏播指数和重播指数平均降低2.0和1.2个百分点;较抛物线型导种管粒距合格指数平均提高2.8个百分点,漏播指数和重播指数平均降低2.0和0.8个百分点;内径38 mm的导种管较25 mm导种管,粒距合格指数提高11.4个百分点,漏播指数和重播指数分别降低4.6和6.8个百分点;长度20 cm的导种管较80 cm导种管,粒距合格指数提高27.6个百分点,漏播指数和重播指数分别降低10.6和17.0个百分点;随导种管长度增加或内径缩小,粒距逐渐从以设定株距为中心的正态分布渐变为重播指数较高的指数分布。为降低导种环节影响,建议油菜精量播种机导种管曲线采用直线型、内径不小于25 mm、长度不超过40 cm。研究结果揭示了导种管结构对种子流有序性的影响机制,可为导种装置设计与优化提供参考。

驱导组合槽辅助附种气吸式花生高速精量排种器研究

针对现有气吸式排种器在进行花生高速播种作业时重播、漏播现象严重等问题,设计了一款驱导组合槽辅助附种气吸式高速精量排种器,在设计排种盘时将搅种凹槽、取种槽口、吸种型孔组合设计构成组合槽,实现扰种、驱种、辅助附种作用,保证高速作业时的排种性能。通过理论建模分析验证了排种盘结构设计的合理性并初步完成了关键参数的确定,借助离散元仿真软件对种群运移情况受关键参数的影响规律进行了分析,并进行了二因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,对结构参数进一步优化;得出搅种凹槽、取种槽口尺寸及作业速度均会对排种性能造成显著影响,并得出最优排种器参数组合:搅种凹槽深度3 mm、基圆半径70 mm;取种槽口左右端面上沿距离24.0 mm、下沿距离19.1 mm、深度10.5 mm、排种盘外周到取种槽口后端面距离24.0 mm。在该参数组合下,当风压为-6 kPa、作业速度为6~12 km/h时,粒距合格指数不小于93.33%,重播指数不大于3.52%,漏播指数不大于4.02%,破损指数不大于0.32%,具有良好的作业性能。

带式玉米高速导种装置旋夹纳种机理分析与参数优化

针对玉米在高速(12~16 km/h)播种时籽粒脱离种盘初速度大,与带式导种装置种腔内壁碰撞弹跳,发生碰撞异位,导致籽粒进入种腔精准度低等问题,以具有纳种机构的带式玉米高速导种装置为研究对象,建立籽粒夹取、转运和排放动力学模型,提出在拨指表面添加人字形纹路的改进方法,明确影响纳种稳定性与籽粒进入种腔精准度的主要因素。利用高速摄像与图像目标追踪技术进行单因素对比试验及多因素优化试验。单因素试验结果表明,播种速度较快时,有人字形纹路拨指轮纳种合格指数和种腔间隔变异系数均明显优于无人字形纹路拨指轮。为获得拨指轮改进后的纳种机构最佳性能参数,以轮心距、拨指轮转速及拨指长度为试验因素,以纳种合格指数与种腔间隔变异系数为评价指标,进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,采用多目标优化方法,确定当轮心距为36.8 mm,拨指轮转速为584.97 r/min,拨指长度为10.8 mm时,纳种合格指数为98.23%,种腔间隔变异系数为0.24%。对优化结果进行验证试验,验证结果与优化结果基本一致。在相同条件下进行台架对比试验,结果表明,有带式玉米高速导种装置的作业性能远优于不安装带式玉米高速导种装置的作业性能。

玉米姿控驱导式排种器导向投种机构设计与试验

针对玉米姿控驱导式排种器在高速工况下投种点位不一致,播种粒距均匀性不佳的问题,提出约束种子运动自由度并引导投种方向的方法,设计了一种新型导向投种机构,合理规划了待投种子的导种轨迹,进而确保投种点位及初速度恒定。完成了导向投种机构的结构参数设计与待投种子的动力学分析,明确了影响排种性能的关键参数及其取值范围,通过单因素与双因素试验获取了排种器的最优参数组合,并进行性能对比验证试验。结果表明,约束运移弧面圆心角取35°时,投种点位较为集中;在作业速度8 km/h、引导投种弧面半径24.3 mm时,排种性能达到最优,粒距合格指数、重播指数和变异系数分别为91.5%、4.7%和13.6%;当作业速度由8 km/h提升至14 km/h时,较原排种器粒距变异系数的降幅由0.1个百分点增大至2.7个百分点,采用导向投种机构可有效提升原排种器的高速作业性能。

玉米高速精量播种机正压气流辅助吹送导种装置研究

玉米播种机高速、精量作业时,投种点高,种子因剧烈碰撞,而导致粒距均匀性差,为此基于文丘里原理,设计一种利用正压气流辅助输种的导种装置,确定了导种装置的主要结构和关键参数。分析了气流辅助输种,实现“零速投种”的机理。采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真方法模拟导种装置的工作过程,通过对比分析气流场、种子的出射速度,确定进气室收缩角为70°、进气室收缩段长度为8.2 mm。利用排种器性能测试平台进行速度匹配试验、弹跳试验、作业性能试验和对比试验,结果表明:作业速度为8~16 km/h、粒距为20~25 cm时,合格指数不小于85.7%;粒距变异系数不大于15.8%。与重力式导种管相比,作业速度越高,正压气流辅助导种装置的优良作业性能越突出,作业速度为16 km/h时,粒距合格指数增加13.6个百分点,粒距变异系数减少7.4个百分点,满足高速条件下精量输种的要求,有利于提升高速精量播种机整体作业性能。

小麦分引组合式双行宽条带导种装置设计与试验

针对稻茬田小麦机械化带状播种时受黏重土壤与秸秆还田耦合作用制约存在导种装置壅堵导致断条的问题,该研究设计了一种分引组合式双行宽条带导种装置,导种过程中利用球面弹籽部件对下落种群左右均匀分种、借助坡度斜面对分流种群宽带引种。运用质点运动学理论建立了小麦分种、引种过程的力学模型,明确了球面弹籽部件直径和斜面坡度对导种均匀性有影响。运用EDEM软件对小麦导种装置关键结构参数进行优化设计,以球面弹籽部件直径和斜面坡度为试验因素,以各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数为评价指标,通过单因素和二次正交旋转组合试验获取相关试验数据,应用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了试验因素与试验指标之间的回归方程。结果表明,球面弹籽部件直径对各行排量一致性影响显著(P<0.05),斜面坡度对行内横向均匀度有极显著影响(P<0.01),斜面底板导种装置最优结构参数为球面弹籽部件直径40 mm、斜面坡度10°。并与市场上已有的波浪底板、弧面底板、平面底板3种型式导种装置进行3种播量下的仿真对比试验。仿真试验结果表明,各播量下的各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数由大到小均为平面底板、弧面底板、波浪底板和斜面底板型导种装置,在播量450 kg/hm^(2)下,斜面底板型导种装置播种效果最佳,各行排量一致性变异系数为2.92%,行内横向均匀度变异系数为14.19%。台架与田间对比试验表明,斜面底板型导种装置的各行排量一致性变异系数和行内横向均匀度变异系数均最小,此时各行排量一致性变异系数均不大于4.0%,行内横向均匀度变异系数均不大于16%;田间对比试验中,在播量450 kg/hm^(2)下,斜面底板型导种装置较其他3种导种装置各行排量一致性变异系数最低下降了2.73个百分比,行内横向均匀度变异系数最低下降了10.61个百分点。试验结果与仿真结果误差不超过5%,表明装置结构参数优化结果可靠,满足国家播种机质量评价技术规范及大田播种农艺要求。研究结果可为稻茬黏壤土环境下小麦宽条带导种装置优化设计提供参考。

基于计算机视觉的种子分布信息检测关键技术研究现状与趋势

种子分布信息检测是保证播种机性能的重要前提,为播种质量检测、定深定位施肥、田间除草和收获等作物生长全过程精准高效管理提供基础数据。计算机视觉技术通过从图像和视频数据中提取有意义的信息,并通过分析解释物理现象,在多个领域得到广泛应用。在系统分析现有文献基础上,从技术应用场景、硬件设备、软件处理算法等角度探讨了计算机视觉技术在种子分布信息检测领域的研究进展。研究发现,计算机视觉技术在种子分布信息检测中仍然存在准确性和稳定性的挑战,且种子分布信息检测需要实时性和大规模数据处理能力,而传统的算法和设备难以满足这些需求,数据融合和分析的能力仍然有待提高。种子分布信息的准确检测需要综合利用多种传感器数据,并进行有效的数据处理和分析,以获取更全面和准确的结果。针对上述问题,提出以下建议:首先,深度学习和机器学习算法应用的广泛性是关键,通过利用大规模的标注数据进行模型训练,可以提高算法的准确性和鲁棒性;其次,需要提高算法的适应性,针对不同的土壤条件、种子类型和光照变化进行优化,以确保算法在各种环境下都能有效工作;同时,发展多传感器数据融合技术,通过将图像数据与其他传感器数据(如激光扫描和热红外图像)进行融合,可以提供更全面和准确的种子分布信息。本研究旨在为未来计算机视觉在种子分布信息检测领域的发展提供参考。

Seed guide path planning and parameter optimization for air-suction carrot seed-metering device

To meet the requirement of“zero speed”for precision sowing,the instantaneous speed of seed falling into the seed bed should be equal to the opposite direction of the forward speed of the machine.Through analyzing the principle of seed guiding process,the main influencing factors affecting the contour curve of the seed tube were determined to plan the seed guiding path and realize zero speed seed delivery.With the help of EDEM simulation software,taking the inclination angle of seed tube end,operating speed of the metering disc,and machine’s forward speed as the experimental factors,a single-factor simulation test was conducted with the pass rate,replay rate,and missing seeding rate as experimental indexes.The results of the simulation test showed that the range of inclination angle of the seed tube end was 23°-40°,the range of machine forward speed was 5-9 km/h,and the range of operating speed of the metering disc was 15-40 r/min.The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test method was carried out using the bench test,and a mathematical regression model was established between experimental factors and experimental indexes to determine the priority order of factors,and the best combination of factors.The test results showed that the pass rate was 93.25%,the replay rate was 2.97%and the missing seeding rate was 3.78%under the condition with the inclination angle of seed tube end of 32.28°,the forward speed of the machine of 6.89 km/h and the operating speed of the metering disc of 28.67 r/min,which can meet the requirements of relevant national standards.

气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验

该文将排种器型孔和种子搅拌装置相融合,取消了传统气力式排种器复杂的种子搅拌装置,设计了1种气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器。阐述了正压气流与导槽相结合来提高排种器充种性能的原理,计算确定了其主要结构参数。以重播指数、漏播指数及粒距合格指数为指标,对其分别进行了台架试验和田间试验。结果表明,该排种器漏播指数、重播指数、合格指数等指标明显优于气吸式排种器,且田间工作性能稳定。

指夹式玉米精量排种器导种投送运移机理分析与试验

为研究指夹式玉米精量排种器籽粒投送运移规律,提高排种器导种性能,建立了导种投送过程的运动学和动力学模型,分析了各因素对运移稳定性及投送落种轨迹的影响。采用多因素二次通用旋转组合试验研究了工作转速和倾斜角对排种均匀稳定性的影响,运用Design-Expert 6.0.10软件对试验数据进行优化分析得到其最佳工作条件。在此基础上,运用镜面反射成像原理,搭建了排种轨迹测定试验台,结合高速摄像与图像目标追踪技术对落种籽粒轨迹运移规律进行了研究。试验结果表明,在工作转速为15~45 r/min、倾斜角为0°工况下,籽粒正面轨迹及侧面轨迹的水平位移随工作转速增加而增加,株距变异系数随工作转速增加而降低;当工作转速大于35 r/min时,籽粒轨迹及落点位置分布逐渐离散,株距变异系数明显增加,其正面水平位移稳定在12.9~14.3 mm内,侧面水平位移稳定在3.7~4.8 mm内,平均株距变异系数为15.13%。在工作转速为30 r/min、倾斜角为-12°~12°工况下,轨迹投种角随倾斜角的增加而减小,其整体角度稳定在66.4°~79.6°内。该研究为优化设计指夹式玉米精量排种器关键部件及配套导种管提供了参考。

播种机导种技术与装置研究进展分析

机械化播种是农业机械化的重要组成部分。机械化播种主要通过播种机将种子由种箱运移至种床合理位置,以确保种子行株距的分布均匀,为种子萌发、植株个体与群体生长发育创造良好的环境。机械化播种的技术核心是种子群的有序单粒化和单粒化状态的保持,即精量排种技术和种子平稳运移技术。种子由种箱运移至种床是一个多环节串联过程,导种环节是播种过程中使种子保持均匀有序状态入土的末端环节之一,既影响前序过程种子的有序状态,又决定后续种子田间分布的均匀性。本文根据物体自由度约束概念,将播种机导种划分为无约束导种、欠约束导种和全约束导种3种形式,系统阐述了3种导种技术与装置对种子运移的约束状态、技术特点和适用对象,结合国内外技术装备研究现状和机械化播种技术要求,指出了导种技术与装置的未来发展方向,为播种机导种技术研究与装置创新设计提供参考。