VR-based digital twin for remote monitoring of mining equipment:Architecture and a case study

Background Traditional methods for monitoring mining equipment rely primarily on visual inspections,which are time-consuming,inefficient,and hazardous.This article introduces a novel approach to monitoring mission-critical systems and services in the mining industry by integrating virtual reality(VR)and digital twin(DT)technologies.VR-based DTs enable remote equipment monitoring,advanced analysis of machine health,enhanced visualization,and improved decision making.Methods This article presents an architecture for VR-based DT development,including the developmental stages,activities,and stakeholders involved.A case study on the condition monitoring of a conveyor belt using real-time synthetic vibration sensor data was conducted using the proposed methodology.The study demonstrated the application of the methodology in remote monitoring and identified the need for further development for implementation in active mining operations.The article also discusses interdisciplinarity,choice of tools,computational resources,time and cost,human involvement,user acceptance,frequency of inspection,multiuser environment,potential risks,and applications beyond the mining industry.Results The findings of this study provide a foundation for future research in the domain of VR-based DTs for remote equipment monitoring and a novel application area for VR in mining.

Development of Mining Technology and Equipment for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

Seafloor massive sulfide（SMS） deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed. The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus Minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China.

Statistical approach to determination of overhaul and maintenance cost of loading equipment in surface mining

The purpose of this research was to develop a new approach in determination of overhaul and maintenance cost of loading equipment in surface mining. Two statistical models including univariate exponential regression (UER) and multivariate linear regression (MLR) were used in this study. Loading equipment parameters such as bucket capacity, machine weight, engine power, boom length, digging depth, and dumping height were considered as variables. The results obtained by models and mean absolute error rate indicate that these models can be applied as the useful tool in determination of overhaul and maintenance cost of loading equipment. The results of this study can be used by the decision-makers for the specific surface mining operations.

Effect of coal slurry on the corrosion of coal-mine equipment

The corrosion of coal mine equipment immersed in coal slurry is addressed. The corrosion of low carbon steel samples immersed in coal slurries of different concentrations (80, 130, and 180 g/L) prepared from coals of different rank (long-flame coal, meager lean coal, and anthracite) and different granularity (0.25-0.5 mm, 0.074-0.25 mm, and less than 0.074 mm particle size) was studied by the electrochemical method of polarization curve measurement, controlled potential sweeping, and continuous scanning. The results show that the corrosion rate in an anthracite slurry, where the coal has high coalification, is far greater than corrosion in a long-flame or a meager lean coal slurry. Furthermore the corrosion current, polarization current, and corrosion rate of low carbon steel become larger, and the polarizability becomes smaller, as the coal particle size decreases. The same trend is seen as the concentration of the coal slurry increases.

Hazard identification for equipment-related fatal incidents in the U.S.underground coal mining

Based on the number of fatalities per year,a persistent area of concern in minesafety continues to be equipment related.Data from the period 1995 through 2007 werestudied in order to identify major hazards for underground mining equipment-related fatalincidents and to perform an analysis of those that occurred over the last 13 years.Reportson equipment-related fatal incidents were obtained from the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA).The results show that underground mining equipment including continuousminer,shuttle car,roof bolter,load-haul-dump (LHD),longwall and hoisting contributedto a total of 69 mining-related fatalities.The study reveals that the major hazardfor continuous mining equipment-related fatal incidents is'Failure of victim to respectequipment working area',while the highest number of fatalities for shuttle car is attributedto the hazard'Failure of mechanical components.'The study further reveals that thehighest number of fatalities for roof bolter,LHD,and longwall are attributed to the hazards'Working under unsupported roof','Failure of management to provide safe working conditions',and'Failure of mechanical components',respectively.It is determined that one fatalityfor the hoisting system is attributed to the hazard'Failure of mechanical components'and one to the hazard'Failure to follow safe maintenance procedure'.Finally,approachesto prevention were also discussed in this paper.

The study of coal mine equipment’s comprehensive evaluation index system and evaluation method

Equipment management is one of the important parts of business administra- tion of coal. Most of coal mines take no account of their equipment management, and have no comprehensive and effective evaluation index system. Based on the analysis of the equipment evaluation measures of reform and the applications, the paper built up a comprehensive and effective evaluation index system of coal mine equipment, and im- proved the evaluation method with the use of fuzzy theory, analytic hierarchy process and entropy method.

The integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipment based on condition monitoring technology

An integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipmenton the basis of condition monitoring technology and modern communication networktechnology was developed.The system consists of a client computer with functions ofsignal acquisition and processing, and a host computer in the central control room.Thesignal acquisition module of the client computer can collect the running parameters fromvarious monitoring terminals in real-time.The DSP high-speed data processing system ofthe main control module can quickly achieve the numerical calculation for the collectedsignal.The signal modulation and signal demodulation are completed by the frequencyshift keying circuit and phase-locked loop frequency circuit, respectively.Finally, the signalis sent to the host computer for logic estimation and diagnostic analysis using the networkcommunication technology, which is helpful for technicians and managers to control therunning state of equipment.

A Life Evaluation System and its Application to Mining Machinery Equipment

Based on analyzing the mining equipment life evaluation theoretical system, the equipment life evaluation target system of the mining machinery is put forward taking the economic life, security life, reliability life and technical life as the targets. Then, the structure and model of the mining equipment life evaluation system are established and prepared for the realization of the system theoretically. Taking hydraulic support as the research object, the life evaluation system of hydraulic support is established and practice shows that the life evaluation system is feasible.

A management information system for mine railway transportation equipment

Good equipment management is essential for the day to day management of an enterprise. Targeted at production opera-tion of the railway transportation department of a mining group and aimed at mine railway equipment management, we have estab-lished a management information system for the equipment in the entire process of the life cycle of equipment. The project deals with basic data about equipment, initial management, maintenance, operation and even disposal, based on a C/S and B/S structure. We adopted an object-oriented approach, dealing with software engineering, information engineering, economic and organizational measures. Thus, effective monitoring and control of the operation of railway equipment and its status in the entire process has been achieved.

刚果(金)SICOMINES铜钴矿提高铜、钴选矿回收率研究与实践

刚果(金)SICOMINES在处理高氧化率铜钴矿的选矿生产过程中,由于现阶段处理矿石氧化率远高于设计值,此类矿石氧化率高、含泥量大、可浮性差,导致利用现有的生产工艺流程和浮选设备,氧化矿浮选精矿产率及铜、钴回收率较低。为提高铜、钴回收率,在针对原矿性质进行系统研究的基础上,结合生产实际,对工艺流程和设备进行优化:首先是取消钴浮选精选,且将氧化铜浮选和钴浮选扫选流程改为开路;然后增加泡沫导流槽的数量,改进了泡沫导流槽的结构和安装角度。改进后,氧化铜精矿和浮选钴精矿产率分别提高1.46个百分点和3.36个百分点,增幅分别达到40.33%和79.25%,总铜、总钴回收率分别提高4.17个百分点和3.53个百分点。生产工艺及设备改进取得了较好的效果,对处理刚果(金)同类型高氧化率铜钴矿石具有较好的借鉴意义。

地下金属矿开采装备短间隔智能调度体系研究

作为矿山生产管理的重要内容,生产调度优化与管控可以充分利用产能、降低开采成本,因此成为现代矿山降本增效的有效手段。通过精细化调度管理和智能决策方法,实现复杂条件下的开采装备高效协同作业,充分提高调度管控效率和矿山生产能力,是现阶段矿山开采装备智能调度需要解决的关键问题。以地下金属矿山开采装备调度过程为研究对象,以提高开采装备的作业效率和生产能力为目的,研究了开采装备智能调度管控模式、决策支持算法和集成化应用。针对现代地下金属矿生产实时化、精准化与智能化管控的新需求,提出了开采装备短间隔智能调度新模式,形成了以“任务分解—任务配置—运输配置—作业指令—响应修正—分析反馈”为特征的短间隔闭环调度方案。设计了包括开采装备任务配置与调度优化算法、面向多级动态配矿的矿石流优化算法、无轨装备集群调度控制优化算法的智能化决策支持算法库,实现由人工经验到智能决策的转变。将开采装备短间隔智能调度体系进行综合示范应用,满足了现代矿山精细化管控和智能化决策需求。研究成果对于地下矿山开采装备作业过程的精细化管控与开采效率提升具有指导意义,同时也为现代地下金属矿山的生产调度管理提供了理论和方法支撑。

时间控制模式在血液分离机运行管理中的价值研究

目的:构建血流分离机时间控制管理模型,探讨其在血液分离机运行管理中的应用价值。方法:分析成分血采集血液分离时间延迟原因,采用数据挖掘算法分析其影响因素与时间控制水平的关联性,在时间评估预测等多维度构建血液分离时间控制管理模型,制定时间控制管理对策。选取2019-2022年上海市徐汇区中心医院的600名献血者和采血期间临床在用的17台血液分离机,根据管理模式不同,将其分为对照组(300名献血者,14台血液分离机)和观察组(300名献血者,15台血液分离机,含对照组12台和新增加的3台),对照组血液分离机采用质量控制模式,观察组采用时间控制模式,对比两组成分血采集过程中的问题数、延迟比例、满意人数和参与采集成分血工作的相关医务人员考核成绩。结果:观察组成分血采集过程中发生设备、医用耗材、医务人员及献血者相关问题的献血者人数分别为11名(占3.7%)、17名(占5.7%)、7名(占2.3%)和18名(占6.0%),均少于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=7.192、6.822、8.153、11.405,P<0.05);观察组成分血采集过程中血液分离机运行正常、明显延迟和显著延迟的献血者人数分别为236名(占78.7%)、46名(占15.3%)和18名(占6.0%),运行正常人数占比高于对照组,明显延迟和显著延迟占比低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=17.821、7.131、8.549,P<0.05);观察组献血者满意人数为284名(占94.7%),高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x^(2)=30.171,P<0.05);参与观察组献血者成分血采集工作的医务人员考核成绩为(91.14±4.86)分,高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(t=4.587,P<0.05)。结论:时间控制模式能够控制血液分离机运行问题发生概率,缩短血液分离机运行延迟时间,改善献血者献血体验和采血服务质量,提高医务人员业务水平。

数字孪生驱动的掘锚设备跟踪定位与碰撞检测方法研究

掘锚自动化作业是煤矿巷道智能掘进的关键,针对当前掘锚设备交替作业过程中相对位姿测量和碰撞检测难题,提出一种数字孪生驱动的煤矿井下掘锚设备跟踪定位与碰撞检测方法。首先,为克服井下掘进工作面低照度、高粉尘、复杂背景干扰的影响,以多点红外LED标靶作为信息源,通过工业相机采集红外LED特征点图像,利用Hough轮廓检测与质心法提取光斑中心并通过二进制编码识别标靶ID,采用改进稀疏光流算法对光斑进行跟踪,同时建立基于PNP的掘锚设备位姿解算模型,采用对偶四元数获得设备间相对位姿。其次,利用数字孪生技术,基于Unity3D平台建立对应实际尺寸的掘锚设备及工作面数字孪生模型,利用Socket通信方式实现虚拟空间与物理实体之间的实时数据传输与交互,在虚拟空间中实现掘锚设备实时位姿的三维可视化,结合任意多边形OBB(orientedboundingbox)碰撞检测算法,实现掘锚设备虚拟碰撞检测。最后,搭建实验平台进行掘锚设备位姿测量试验,同时对虚实运动轨迹和碰撞检测效果进行验证。实验结果表明:掘锚设备跟踪定位实验的位置误差不超过20mm,角度误差不超过0.30°;虚实位置坐标对比中X轴方向最大误差不超过1.14mm;Y轴方向最大误差不超过1.10mm,能够保证系统虚实一致性和同步性,满足掘进工作面作业过程中掘锚设备实时跟踪定位及碰撞检测的要求。

面向矿山机电设备监测文本的命名实体识别

正确抽取矿山机电设备监测文本中的设备名称、参数标准、故障位置、故障类型等实体,可以辅助专家尽早发现异常机电设备、提升分析设备故障的效率和精度。针对矿山机电设备领域实体多为嵌套实体,且具备字符较长、上下文关联性较强等特点,提出一种联合多粒度特征的实体识别方法,通过机器阅读理解框架初步确定长序列嵌套实体边界,采用融合注意力机制的BiLSTM神经网络深挖实体间上下文关联。实验结果表明,该方法对矿山机电设备监测文本中的实体具备较好的识别效果,并且提升了其他低资源场景下命名实体识别任务的效果。

煤矿工业物联网设备识别模型

煤矿工业物联网(IIoT)设备计算与存储资源受限,易遭受非法网络入侵,造成敏感数据泄露或恶意篡改,威胁煤矿生产安全。精准识别煤矿IIoT设备可实现有效管理并维护设备正常运转,提高设备安全防护能力,然而现有设备识别算法存在特征构造复杂、内存与计算需求较高导致难以部署在资源受限的煤矿IIoT设备中等问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种煤矿IIoT设备识别模型。首先,对支持TCP/IP协议传输的流量数据进行流量切分、无关字段去除、去重、定长字段截取操作后转换为IDX格式存储;其次,使用卷积块注意力模块(CBAM)优化深度可分离卷积(DSC),从而搭建轻量级DSC−CBAM模型来过滤Non−IIoT设备;然后,利用带有阶段惩罚的Wasserstein生成对抗网络(WGAN−GP)扩充流量较少的煤矿IIoT设备数据,达到平衡偏移流量数据的目的;最后,在DSC−CBAM基础上引入多尺度特征融合(MFF)技术捕获浅层全局特征信息,并增加Mish激活函数提高模型训练稳定性,建立优化混合模态识别(MDCM)模型,实现煤矿IIoT设备精准识别。实验结果表明,该模型收敛速度快,准确率、召回率、精确率与F1−score指标均高达99.98%,且参数量小,能精准、高效识别煤矿IIoT设备。

提升神东煤矿机电设备管理效益的探究

文章从煤矿机电设备的配套、运行、大修、车辆辅助运行、指挥调度、新技术标准应用六个方面调研了国能神东煤炭集团公司煤矿机电设备目前使用和管理的现状,深入分析其原因并给出了提升机电设备管理效益的具体措施,这对国能神东煤炭集团公司提升机电设备管理效益具有十分重要的指导意义,对其他煤炭企业机电设备的精细、精益,安全管理亦有重要的借鉴作用。

提升神东采掘运设备价值最大化的措施

通过调研和分析神东公司采掘运大型机电设备目前的使用和管理现状,从神东集团13个矿井的生产、机电设备结构配置、机电设备成本、机电设备管理等方面入手,深入分析影响采掘运大型机电设备价值最大化的原因,并给出后期发挥采掘运大型机电设备最大使用价值的努力方向,对降低机电设备成本的投入以及安全、高效生产具有现实意义,对其他煤炭企业采掘运设备的高效、精细、精益、价值最大化管理亦有重要的借鉴作用。