According to the current situation and development planning of water resources in Jiangjin District of Three Gorge Reservoir Area at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,by combining with social needs,through the survey...According to the current situation and development planning of water resources in Jiangjin District of Three Gorge Reservoir Area at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,by combining with social needs,through the survey on pollution source and analysis of water quality,based on the Report of Water Function Division of Jiangjin District(2005) ,the adjustment and revision have been conducted on water function divisions,and corresponding protection targets and countermeasures for water resources have been proposed,so that the water function division can comply with the development situation of Jiangjin District,providing a reliable reference for the protection and reasonable utilization of water resources,enhancing the unified and effective supervision of water resources,promoting the sustainable use of water resources in Jiangjin District,and ensuring the sustainable development of regional society and environment.展开更多
Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat （Triticum aestinum L...Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat （Triticum aestinum L.）, maize （Zea mays L.） and sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）, growing in 76 farm fields are evaluated with modified discount function. Salinity ecological zones appropriate for these local crops are characterized and a case study is presented for crop salinity ecological zoning. The results show that the yield reductions of wheat, maize and sunflower when grown in saline soils are attributed primarily to a reduction in spikelet number, 1 000-grain weight and seed number per head, respectively. Sunflower is the most tolerant crop among the three which had a salinity tolerance index （ST-index） of 12.24, followed by spring maize and spring wheat with ST-Indices of 9.00 and 7.43, respectively. According to the crop salinity tolerance results, the arable land in the Heping Village of this district was subdivided into four salinity ecological zones： the most suitable, suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable zones. The area proportion of the most suitable zone for wheat, maize and sunflower within the Heping Village was 27.5, 46.5 and 77.5%, respectively. Most of the most suitable zone occurred in the western part of the village. The results of this study provide the scientific basis for optimizing the local major crop distribution and improving cultural practices management in Hetao Irrigation District.展开更多
Residential greening constitutes a significant portion of the urban environment. Trees, as the largest entities in the tree-shrub-herb greening system, are the best choice for residential afforestation. Hence, tree ar...Residential greening constitutes a significant portion of the urban environment. Trees, as the largest entities in the tree-shrub-herb greening system, are the best choice for residential afforestation. Hence, tree arrangement in green space between buildings is significant, for which may exert negative impact on building sunshine. This study takes He Qingyuan residential area in Beijing as a case study to predict the growth in tree height between buildings to meet good sunshine requirements. The procedures were draw as follows: 1) models including building layout and trees were built using computer-aided design (Auto CAD). Afterwards, according to tree crown shape, tree height limits were determined for the same building layout;2) and after that, the growth in tree height was predicted using the nonlinear height-diameter functions to meet the good sunshine requirements. The results allow us to determine which trees to plant between buildings in that the designers can predict the effects of future tree growth on building sunshine.展开更多
水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(in...水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。展开更多
基金Supported by Chongqing City Sponsored Project of 2011 That is"Revision of Water Function Division of Chongqing City" [No. 3 of 2011 of Yu Water Resources]~~
文摘According to the current situation and development planning of water resources in Jiangjin District of Three Gorge Reservoir Area at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,by combining with social needs,through the survey on pollution source and analysis of water quality,based on the Report of Water Function Division of Jiangjin District(2005) ,the adjustment and revision have been conducted on water function divisions,and corresponding protection targets and countermeasures for water resources have been proposed,so that the water function division can comply with the development situation of Jiangjin District,providing a reliable reference for the protection and reasonable utilization of water resources,enhancing the unified and effective supervision of water resources,promoting the sustainable use of water resources in Jiangjin District,and ensuring the sustainable development of regional society and environment.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (2009030012-3)
文摘Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat （Triticum aestinum L.）, maize （Zea mays L.） and sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.）, growing in 76 farm fields are evaluated with modified discount function. Salinity ecological zones appropriate for these local crops are characterized and a case study is presented for crop salinity ecological zoning. The results show that the yield reductions of wheat, maize and sunflower when grown in saline soils are attributed primarily to a reduction in spikelet number, 1 000-grain weight and seed number per head, respectively. Sunflower is the most tolerant crop among the three which had a salinity tolerance index （ST-index） of 12.24, followed by spring maize and spring wheat with ST-Indices of 9.00 and 7.43, respectively. According to the crop salinity tolerance results, the arable land in the Heping Village of this district was subdivided into four salinity ecological zones： the most suitable, suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable zones. The area proportion of the most suitable zone for wheat, maize and sunflower within the Heping Village was 27.5, 46.5 and 77.5%, respectively. Most of the most suitable zone occurred in the western part of the village. The results of this study provide the scientific basis for optimizing the local major crop distribution and improving cultural practices management in Hetao Irrigation District.
文摘Residential greening constitutes a significant portion of the urban environment. Trees, as the largest entities in the tree-shrub-herb greening system, are the best choice for residential afforestation. Hence, tree arrangement in green space between buildings is significant, for which may exert negative impact on building sunshine. This study takes He Qingyuan residential area in Beijing as a case study to predict the growth in tree height between buildings to meet good sunshine requirements. The procedures were draw as follows: 1) models including building layout and trees were built using computer-aided design (Auto CAD). Afterwards, according to tree crown shape, tree height limits were determined for the same building layout;2) and after that, the growth in tree height was predicted using the nonlinear height-diameter functions to meet the good sunshine requirements. The results allow us to determine which trees to plant between buildings in that the designers can predict the effects of future tree growth on building sunshine.
文摘水源涵养作为重要的生态系统服务功能之一,对张家口和承德地区的生态系统及用水安全有着重要的意义。为了改进以往研究中对地形及土壤渗透性等考虑不足、对数据空间异质性分析不充分等问题,文章基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST),使用多种高精度的遥感、再分析数据等产品,对2001—2020年张承地区的水源涵养功能进行定量化评价及驱动因素分析。研究发现,2001—2020年张承地区水源涵养功能空间分布上呈现坝下高坝上低的特点,各年水源涵养功能的空间分布存在差异性的同时也具有一定的相似性。时间变化上,20年间水源涵养深度以-0.08 mm/a的平均速率呈下降波动趋势。结合Sen+Mann-Kendall分析发现区内水源涵养功能变化趋势以“基本不变”、“轻微增长”、“轻微降低”三者为主,总占比近98%。区内降水量对水源涵养功能具有很强的显著正相关关系,气温对水源涵养功能在部分地区具有显著负相关关系,植被与水源涵养功能的关系相对复杂。张承地区2020年林地的水源涵养功能最强,水源涵养深度达28.64 mm,总量而言,草地水源涵养功能的贡献最大,水源涵养量达1.12×10^(9)m^(3)。20年间变化中,耕地水源涵养量的降低最为明显,变化速率达-6.49×10^(6)m^(3)/a。上述结果说明张承地区20年间水源涵养功能的时空特征主要受到降水量与植被型土地利用的控制。研究为张承地区生态建设及水资源管理提供重要的决策依据。
