Spatiotemporal variations of parameters of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

The dynamic parameters for internal solitary waves(ISWs)derived from the extended Korteweg-de Vries(eKdV)equation play an important role in the understanding and prediction of ISWs.The spatiotemporal variations of the dynamic parameters of the ISWs in the northern South China Sea(SCS)were studied based on the reanalysis of long-term temperature and salinity datasets.The results for spectrum analysis show that there are definite geographical differences for the periodic variation of the parameters:in shallow water,all parameters vary with a wave period of one year,while in deep water wave components of the parameters at other frequencies exist.Using wavelet analysis,the wavelet power spectral densities in deep water exhibited an inter-annual variation pattern.For example,the wave component of the dispersion coefficient with a wave period of about half a year reached its power peak once every two years.Based on previous work,this inter-annual variation pattern was deduced to be caused by dynamic processes.In further work on the regulatory mechanisms,empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition was performed.It was found that the modes of the dispersion coefficient have different geographical distributions,explaining the reason why the wave components in different frequencies appeared in different locations.The numerical simulation results confirm that the variations in the parameters of the ISWs derived from the eKdV equation could affect the waveforms significantly because of changes in the polarity of the ISWs.Therefore,the periodic variations of the dynamic parameters are related to the geographical location because of dynamic processes operating.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Medical Functional Experimental Science for International Students

Medical Functional Experiment Science, a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine, integrates classical experimental teaching contents of three courses including physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. This course not only helps students to verify and reinforce theoretical knowledge, but also cultivates their capability of scientific thinking to discover and solve problems. Based on the characteristics of international students and current situation of the teaching platform in the laboratory at Yangtze University, this paper discusses a series of problems in the Medical Functional Experiment Science teaching for international students and puts forward some measures for teaching reform including optimizing experimental content, innovating experimental teaching methods and establishing effective experimental evaluation mode, in order to cultivate more international medical students with innovative ability.

Nonlinear dynamic responses of sandwich functionally graded porous cylindrical shells embedded in elastic media under 1:1 internal resonance

In this article, the nonlinear dynamic responses of sandwich functionally graded(FG) porous cylindrical shell embedded in elastic media are investigated. The shell studied here consists of three layers, of which the outer and inner skins are made of solid metal, while the core is FG porous metal foam. Partial differential equations are derived by utilizing the improved Donnell's nonlinear shell theory and Hamilton's principle. Afterwards, the Galerkin method is used to transform the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and an approximate analytical solution is obtained by using the multiple scales method. The effects of various system parameters,specifically, the radial load, core thickness, foam type, foam coefficient, structure damping,and Winkler-Pasternak foundation parameters on nonlinear internal resonance of the sandwich FG porous thin shells are evaluated.

Effects of bridge combined internal fixation system internal fixation on fracture healing and shoulder joint function in elderly patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures

Objective:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of bridge combined internal fixation system and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by emphatically observing fracture healing and shoulder joint function.Methods:Totally 44 elderly patients with Robinson type 2B displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were included from the Department of Orthopaedics,Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital during February 2016 and December 2018,including 23 males and 21 females,mean age(69.8±10.2)years old.The patients were divided into a bridge combined internal fixation system group(bridge group,n=22)and a locking compression plate internal fixation group(plate group,n=22)according to the internal fixation methods.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,and postoperative complications were recorded.At 12 months after surgery,the shoulder joint Constant-Murley score and DASH score were used to assess the recovery of joint function.The serum levels of bone turnover biochemical markers procollagen I N-terminal peptide(P1NP),cross-linked Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-I),and osteoblast specific factor(OSF)were measured before and 3 months after surgery.Results:The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time of the bridge group were significantly shorter than those of the plate group(P<0.05).Constant scores and DASH scores in the bridge group were significantly better than those of the plate group at 12 months after surgery(P<0.05).Serum levels of CTX-I was significantly decreased,while the P1NP and OSF were significantly increased compared with before surgery in the both groups(P<0.05),and the changes were more obvious in the bridge group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was similar between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the locking plate system,the bridge combined internal fixation system can effectively improve the operation efficiency,have more benefits on fracture healing,better promote the recovery of patients'function,and reduce the failure rate of internal fixation,thus providing a better choice to treat displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by intraoperative internal fixation.

GREEN'S FUNCTIONS OF INTERNAL ELECTRODES BETWEEN TWO DISSIMILAR PIEZOELECTRIC MEDIA

The generalized 2-D problem of a half-infinite interfacial electrode layer between two arbitrary piezoelectric half-spaces is studied. Based on the Stroh formalism, exact expressions for the (Green's) functions of a line force, a line charge and a line electric dipole applied at an arbitrary point near the electrode edge,were presented, respectively. The corresponding solutions for the intensity factors of fields were also obtained in an explicit form. These results can be used as the foundational solutions in boundary element method (BEM) to solve more complicated fracture problems of piezoelectric composites.

Weight Function Method for Stress Intensity Factor of Internal Surface Semi-elliptical Crack in Elliptical Holes

The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage tolerance analysis of these structures. In this paper, weight function is derived for a two dimensional through cracks at elliptical holes by applying a compounding method. Stress intensity factor formulas for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes are obtained wing the three dimensional weight function method. Stress intensity factors for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes under remote tension are computed. At the same time, research on how radius of curvature for elliptical holes affect stress intensity factors was conducted. Stress intensity factors decrease when radius of curvature increases. Some results and conclusions which are of practical value are given.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Two Weighted Loss Function Methods for Interactions of Two-Dimensional Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves

The multiple patterns of internal solitary wave interactions(ISWI)are a complex oceanic phenomenon.Satellite remote sensing techniques indirectly detect these ISWI,but do not provide information on their detailed structure and dynamics.Recently,the authors considered a three-layer fluid with shear flow and developed a(2+1)Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)model that is capable of describing five types of oceanic ISWI,including O-type,P-type,TO-type,TP-type,and Y-shaped.Deep learning models,particularly physics-informed neural networks(PINN),are widely used in the field of fluids and internal solitary waves.However,the authors find that the amplitude of internal solitary waves is much smaller than the wavelength and the ISWI occur at relatively large spatial scales,and these characteristics lead to an imbalance in the loss function of the PINN model.To solve this problem,the authors introduce two weighted loss function methods,the fixed weighing and the adaptive weighting methods,to improve the PINN model.This successfully simulated the detailed structure and dynamics of ISWI,with simulation results corresponding to the satellite images.In particular,the adaptive weighting method can automatically update the weights of different terms in the loss function and outperforms the fixed weighting method in terms of generalization ability.

Application of internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture

Objective:To explore the clinical effect and safety of internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:Seventy-six patients respectively with early transected and avulsed types of Achilles tendon rupture were selected and treated with internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop.The patients began to take exercise for their lower limbs through continous passive motion as early as possible after surgical repair,and the loops were removed after 3-5 months.Six months later,the condition of complications including Achilles tendon re-rupture,wound fistula,wound infection and skin necrosis,cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region,time back to preinjury work or learning as well as time to physical activities were observed.One year later,the therapeutic effect was evaluated,and the maximum circumferences of bilateral legs and raptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon were measured.Results:The wound of all patients healed well,no complications like Achilles tendon re-rupture,wound fistula,wound infection and skin necrosis occured,and the cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region was normal.The mean time back to preinjury work or learning as well as to pysical activities of all patients were respectively 10 and 22 weeks.Seventy out of 76 patients(92.1%) achieved an excellent effect,and 6(7.9%) good effect.The excellent and good rate came up to 100%.The maximum circumference in the affected leg decreased to 2 mm averagely compared with the offside,while the ruptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon in the affected side increased to 2.2 mm compared with the offside.Conclusions:Kor early Achilles tendon rupture,internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop can recover the ankle function better,return to the preinjury state in the shortest lime,and has few complications.

Open reduction and internal fixation for radial head fractures: A prospective observational study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of open reduction and internal fixation on radial head fracture and assess the post-operative function. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017 at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Altogether, 28 patients with radial head and neck fractures were enrolled in our study. These patients were admitted to the hospital and their fractures were fixed with open reduction and internal fixation. Baseline information of the patients was collected, and patient-rated elbow evaluation scores were calculated. Results: Out of the 28 patients, 21 were male and 7 were female. Besides, 16 fractures were on the right side and 12 were on the left side and 17 involving the dominant hands. In addition, 8 patients had Mason type Ⅱ fracture and 20 had Mason type Ⅲ fracture. The mean age of patients was (31.0 ± 8.0) years, and the mean follow-up is (1.2 ± 0.5) years. The mean average patient-rated elbow evaluation scores were (27.64 ± 1.60) at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions:The majority of the patients who had radial head fractures and treated by open reduction and internal fixation have attained an excellent range of motion postoperatively.

Numerical modeling on the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope-shelf and modal analysis

On the basis of a nonhydrostatic numerical model, the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope - shelf was studied. The breaking and polarity transformation were analyzed. A ＂kink＂ structure, due to shoaling topography and higher nonlinear effect, was found to be generated by the leading wave before breaking. Coherent vortex shedding behind the leading wave was presented. The evolution characteristics of the modal structure were analyzed based on the empirical orthogonal function method. The modal structure was complicated due to the effect of the variable topography, especially when breaking occurred. In the performed experiments, the contributions to the total variance from higher mode jumped from no more than 20% to over 40%.

Rehabilitation of shoulder paresis caused by herpes zoster according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health A case report

We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.

The Role and Function of British NGOs in International Cultural Exchanges

As the world’s first country to launch industrial revolution,the UK had once been at the peak of global power for a long term and exerted great inf luence on the shaping of modern

Reorganization of corticospinal tract in a patient with posterior limb infarct of the internal capsule

Several diffusion tensor-imaging studies have demonstrated motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients with subcortical infarct, including the corona radiata, pons, and medulla. However, studies of motor recovery mechanisms have not been reported in patients with posterior limb infarcts of the intemal capsule. The present study reports on a 77-year-old man with complete paralysis of the left extremities at stroke onset. At 6 months after onset, motor function of the left extremities recovered to a nearly normal state. The 3-week diffusion tensor tractography of the affected （right） hemisphere showed that corticospinal tract discontinued below the posterior limb. In contrast, 6-month diffusion tensor tractography revealed that the right corticospinal tract originated from the precentral gyrus and descended along the anterior area of the infarcted posterior limb. Motor function of the affected extremities was reorganized into the anterior area of the posterior limb infarct.

Hamiltonian long wave expansions for internal vaves over a periodically varying bottom

We derive a Hamiltonian formulation for two-dimensional nonlinear long waves between two bodies of immiscible fluid with a periodic bottom. From the formulation and using the Hamiltonian perturbation theory, we obtain effective Boussinesq equations that describe the motion of bidirectional long waves and unidirectional equations that are similar to the KdV equation for the case in which the bottom possesses short length scale. The computations for these results are performed in the framework of an asymptotic analysis of multiple scale operators.

Chronic Diseases of Childhood and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: A Systematic Review

The increase in chronic diseases in childhood highlights the need for a biopsychosocial approach to deal with the complexity of these health conditions. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) results from the need to implement new explanatory evaluative and therapeutic models. Thus, the present systematic review aims to identify published studies on the use of the ICF in chronic childhood diseases. As a secondary objective, to map the themes that have already been studied in the area to support the discussion on the expansion of the use of this classification in health services. The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol, and the model was the PICO acronym, where Population was children and adolescents with chronic diseases, Intervention/Exposure was evaluation based on ICF concepts, Comparator was any tool, instrument, or intervention, and outcome was direct or indirect use of the ICF. We selected eight articles, five of which used the ICF as a conceptual tool and three as a classification system, divided into the following themes: quality of life, evaluation of patients (without using coding) and mapping the inclusion of the activity’s results and participation in clinical trials. Thus, use of the ICF in clinical practice is still incipient, although it has been recommended in guidelines. Further studies are necessary to expand the number of contributions by the ICF and to develop the necessary approaches for understanding the classification’s use.

Intrinsic Rationale of Functional Distribution and Quantitative Distribution--International Experience and Reference of Income Distribution

The issue of income distribution in the modern sense emerged with the creation of the capitalist mode of production-a process characterized by income gaps, at first widening, then narrowing, and widening once again. In the classical economic stage featuring dual economy, income distribution was dominated by capital due to scarce capital and cheap labor, which led to widening income gaps. Entering the neoclassical economic stage, income distribution was dominated by the game between capital and labor due to diminishing marginal return to capital and relatively scarce labor, which led to the growing share of labor compensation and narrowing income gaps. Yet since the 1970s, the deepening of financialization of capital has once again magnified the effect of capital-dominated income distribution, which, together with working class polarization, led to another round of widening income gaps. An observation of the long-term evolution of world economic development and income distribution gives us a clearer view on the intrinsic rationale of change in income distribution: The mode of production determines the mode of distribution and functional distribution shares intrinsic consistency with quantitative distribution.

Promoting the International Dissemination of Chinese Culture Through International Chinese Language Education: A Case Study of Chinese-English Idiomatic Equivalence

One major task of our improvement of China’s international communication capabilities is to tell China’s stories well and make China’s voice heard to communicate a comprehensive,multi-dimensional view of China in the international arena.International Chinese language education bears the dual responsibility of spreading the Chinese language and promoting the Chinese culture.How to shape global narratives for telling China’s stories and improve China’s international communication capabilities has become an important issue that concerns international Chinese language education.Chinese idioms,which are hidden treasures of the Chinese language,can play a unique role in this regard.It is therefore necessary to review the content and methods of including idioms in international Chinese language education.In this paper,instruction in idioms is approached by making a corpus-based comparative analysis from the theoretical perspectives of equivalence,cognitive metaphor,and second language acquisition.Qualitative and quantitative methods are combined to analyze idioms to be added to the vocabulary of international Chinese language education in three dimensions:word frequency,semantic transparency,and functional equivalence.This paper aims to explore a new approach to the dissemination of Chinese culture through instruction in idioms in international Chinese language education.

Estimation of equivalent internal-resistance of PEM fuel cell using artificial neural networks

A practical method of estimation for the internal-resistance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was adopted based on radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. In the training process, k-means clustering algorithm was applied to select the network centers of the input training data. Furthermore, an equivalent electrical-circuit model with this internal-resistance was developed for investigation on the stack. Finally using the neural networks model of the equivalent resistance in the PEMFC stack, the simulation results of the estimation of equivalent internal-resistance of PEMFC were presented. The results show that this electrical PEMFC model is effective and is suitable for the study of control scheme, fault detection and the engineering analysis of electrical circuits.

考虑国际金融风险影响的上证50ETF期权定价研究

近年来如何刻画国际金融风险对中国市场的影响,成为学术界的热门热点之一。已有文献大多集中于研究国际股票市场之间的风险溢出效应,较少关注国际股票市场对中国期权市场的风险外溢效应。本文将标普500ETF走势嵌入上证50ETF的收益率过程,构建IFR_BS模型(BS Model with the Impact of International Financial Risk);然后应用特征函数微扰法和Fourier-Cosine定价方法,推导出该模型下欧式期权的近似解析定价公式。数值实验和实证结果表明:(1)IFR_BS模型可以较好地刻画上证50ETF收益率分布的“尖峰”、“肥尾”和“有偏”等统计特征。(2)考虑国际金融风险溢价的IFR_BS模型下的期权定价公式,可以解决BS模型对短到期期权尤其是短到期深度OTM期权估值不足的问题。