Spatiotemporal variations of parameters of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

The dynamic parameters for internal solitary waves(ISWs)derived from the extended Korteweg-de Vries(eKdV)equation play an important role in the understanding and prediction of ISWs.The spatiotemporal variations of the dynamic parameters of the ISWs in the northern South China Sea(SCS)were studied based on the reanalysis of long-term temperature and salinity datasets.The results for spectrum analysis show that there are definite geographical differences for the periodic variation of the parameters:in shallow water,all parameters vary with a wave period of one year,while in deep water wave components of the parameters at other frequencies exist.Using wavelet analysis,the wavelet power spectral densities in deep water exhibited an inter-annual variation pattern.For example,the wave component of the dispersion coefficient with a wave period of about half a year reached its power peak once every two years.Based on previous work,this inter-annual variation pattern was deduced to be caused by dynamic processes.In further work on the regulatory mechanisms,empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition was performed.It was found that the modes of the dispersion coefficient have different geographical distributions,explaining the reason why the wave components in different frequencies appeared in different locations.The numerical simulation results confirm that the variations in the parameters of the ISWs derived from the eKdV equation could affect the waveforms significantly because of changes in the polarity of the ISWs.Therefore,the periodic variations of the dynamic parameters are related to the geographical location because of dynamic processes operating.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Medical Functional Experimental Science for International Students

Medical Functional Experiment Science, a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine, integrates classical experimental teaching contents of three courses including physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. This course not only helps students to verify and reinforce theoretical knowledge, but also cultivates their capability of scientific thinking to discover and solve problems. Based on the characteristics of international students and current situation of the teaching platform in the laboratory at Yangtze University, this paper discusses a series of problems in the Medical Functional Experiment Science teaching for international students and puts forward some measures for teaching reform including optimizing experimental content, innovating experimental teaching methods and establishing effective experimental evaluation mode, in order to cultivate more international medical students with innovative ability.

Simulation and calculation of internal faults in long-stator linear synchronous motor based on winding function theory

To guarantee the safety of the high speed maglev train system, a novel model based on the winding function theory is proposed for the long-stator linear synchronous motor（LSM）, which is suitable for the real-time calculation of the running state. The accurate coupled mathematical models under different internal fault conditions of the LSM are derived based on the normal model. Then the fault currents and electromagnetic forces are simulated and calculated for the major potential internal faults of the LSM, such as the single-phase short circuit, the phase-phase short circuit and the single-phase open circuit. The characteristic curve between the electromagnetic force and the armature current of the LSM, which is compared with the results from the finite element method, proves the validation of the proposed method. The fault rule is determined and the proposed analytical model also shows its feasibility in the fast fault diagnosis through the comparison of the simulation results of currents and electromagnetic forces under different internal fault types and short circuit ratios.

Nonlinear dynamic responses of sandwich functionally graded porous cylindrical shells embedded in elastic media under 1:1 internal resonance

In this article, the nonlinear dynamic responses of sandwich functionally graded(FG) porous cylindrical shell embedded in elastic media are investigated. The shell studied here consists of three layers, of which the outer and inner skins are made of solid metal, while the core is FG porous metal foam. Partial differential equations are derived by utilizing the improved Donnell's nonlinear shell theory and Hamilton's principle. Afterwards, the Galerkin method is used to transform the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, and an approximate analytical solution is obtained by using the multiple scales method. The effects of various system parameters,specifically, the radial load, core thickness, foam type, foam coefficient, structure damping,and Winkler-Pasternak foundation parameters on nonlinear internal resonance of the sandwich FG porous thin shells are evaluated.

Effects of bridge combined internal fixation system internal fixation on fracture healing and shoulder joint function in elderly patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures

Objective:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of bridge combined internal fixation system and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by emphatically observing fracture healing and shoulder joint function.Methods:Totally 44 elderly patients with Robinson type 2B displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were included from the Department of Orthopaedics,Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital during February 2016 and December 2018,including 23 males and 21 females,mean age(69.8±10.2)years old.The patients were divided into a bridge combined internal fixation system group(bridge group,n=22)and a locking compression plate internal fixation group(plate group,n=22)according to the internal fixation methods.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,and postoperative complications were recorded.At 12 months after surgery,the shoulder joint Constant-Murley score and DASH score were used to assess the recovery of joint function.The serum levels of bone turnover biochemical markers procollagen I N-terminal peptide(P1NP),cross-linked Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-I),and osteoblast specific factor(OSF)were measured before and 3 months after surgery.Results:The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time of the bridge group were significantly shorter than those of the plate group(P<0.05).Constant scores and DASH scores in the bridge group were significantly better than those of the plate group at 12 months after surgery(P<0.05).Serum levels of CTX-I was significantly decreased,while the P1NP and OSF were significantly increased compared with before surgery in the both groups(P<0.05),and the changes were more obvious in the bridge group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was similar between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the locking plate system,the bridge combined internal fixation system can effectively improve the operation efficiency,have more benefits on fracture healing,better promote the recovery of patients'function,and reduce the failure rate of internal fixation,thus providing a better choice to treat displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by intraoperative internal fixation.

GREEN'S FUNCTIONS OF INTERNAL ELECTRODES BETWEEN TWO DISSIMILAR PIEZOELECTRIC MEDIA

The generalized 2-D problem of a half-infinite interfacial electrode layer between two arbitrary piezoelectric half-spaces is studied. Based on the Stroh formalism, exact expressions for the (Green's) functions of a line force, a line charge and a line electric dipole applied at an arbitrary point near the electrode edge,were presented, respectively. The corresponding solutions for the intensity factors of fields were also obtained in an explicit form. These results can be used as the foundational solutions in boundary element method (BEM) to solve more complicated fracture problems of piezoelectric composites.

Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

Weight Function Method for Stress Intensity Factor of Internal Surface Semi-elliptical Crack in Elliptical Holes

The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage tolerance analysis of these structures. In this paper, weight function is derived for a two dimensional through cracks at elliptical holes by applying a compounding method. Stress intensity factor formulas for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes are obtained wing the three dimensional weight function method. Stress intensity factors for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes under remote tension are computed. At the same time, research on how radius of curvature for elliptical holes affect stress intensity factors was conducted. Stress intensity factors decrease when radius of curvature increases. Some results and conclusions which are of practical value are given.

Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Two Weighted Loss Function Methods for Interactions of Two-Dimensional Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves

The multiple patterns of internal solitary wave interactions(ISWI)are a complex oceanic phenomenon.Satellite remote sensing techniques indirectly detect these ISWI,but do not provide information on their detailed structure and dynamics.Recently,the authors considered a three-layer fluid with shear flow and developed a(2+1)Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)model that is capable of describing five types of oceanic ISWI,including O-type,P-type,TO-type,TP-type,and Y-shaped.Deep learning models,particularly physics-informed neural networks(PINN),are widely used in the field of fluids and internal solitary waves.However,the authors find that the amplitude of internal solitary waves is much smaller than the wavelength and the ISWI occur at relatively large spatial scales,and these characteristics lead to an imbalance in the loss function of the PINN model.To solve this problem,the authors introduce two weighted loss function methods,the fixed weighing and the adaptive weighting methods,to improve the PINN model.This successfully simulated the detailed structure and dynamics of ISWI,with simulation results corresponding to the satellite images.In particular,the adaptive weighting method can automatically update the weights of different terms in the loss function and outperforms the fixed weighting method in terms of generalization ability.

Application of internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture

Objective:To explore the clinical effect and safety of internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture.Methods:Seventy-six patients respectively with early transected and avulsed types of Achilles tendon rupture were selected and treated with internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop.The patients began to take exercise for their lower limbs through continous passive motion as early as possible after surgical repair,and the loops were removed after 3-5 months.Six months later,the condition of complications including Achilles tendon re-rupture,wound fistula,wound infection and skin necrosis,cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region,time back to preinjury work or learning as well as time to physical activities were observed.One year later,the therapeutic effect was evaluated,and the maximum circumferences of bilateral legs and raptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon were measured.Results:The wound of all patients healed well,no complications like Achilles tendon re-rupture,wound fistula,wound infection and skin necrosis occured,and the cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region was normal.The mean time back to preinjury work or learning as well as to pysical activities of all patients were respectively 10 and 22 weeks.Seventy out of 76 patients(92.1%) achieved an excellent effect,and 6(7.9%) good effect.The excellent and good rate came up to 100%.The maximum circumference in the affected leg decreased to 2 mm averagely compared with the offside,while the ruptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon in the affected side increased to 2.2 mm compared with the offside.Conclusions:Kor early Achilles tendon rupture,internal fixation of steel-wire limited loop can recover the ankle function better,return to the preinjury state in the shortest lime,and has few complications.

Open reduction and internal fixation for radial head fractures: A prospective observational study

Objective: To evaluate the effect of open reduction and internal fixation on radial head fracture and assess the post-operative function. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017 at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi. Altogether, 28 patients with radial head and neck fractures were enrolled in our study. These patients were admitted to the hospital and their fractures were fixed with open reduction and internal fixation. Baseline information of the patients was collected, and patient-rated elbow evaluation scores were calculated. Results: Out of the 28 patients, 21 were male and 7 were female. Besides, 16 fractures were on the right side and 12 were on the left side and 17 involving the dominant hands. In addition, 8 patients had Mason type Ⅱ fracture and 20 had Mason type Ⅲ fracture. The mean age of patients was (31.0 ± 8.0) years, and the mean follow-up is (1.2 ± 0.5) years. The mean average patient-rated elbow evaluation scores were (27.64 ± 1.60) at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions:The majority of the patients who had radial head fractures and treated by open reduction and internal fixation have attained an excellent range of motion postoperatively.

Numerical modeling on the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope-shelf and modal analysis

On the basis of a nonhydrostatic numerical model, the interaction of internal solitary wave with slope - shelf was studied. The breaking and polarity transformation were analyzed. A ＂kink＂ structure, due to shoaling topography and higher nonlinear effect, was found to be generated by the leading wave before breaking. Coherent vortex shedding behind the leading wave was presented. The evolution characteristics of the modal structure were analyzed based on the empirical orthogonal function method. The modal structure was complicated due to the effect of the variable topography, especially when breaking occurred. In the performed experiments, the contributions to the total variance from higher mode jumped from no more than 20% to over 40%.

Rehabilitation of shoulder paresis caused by herpes zoster according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health A case report

We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.

The Role and Function of British NGOs in International Cultural Exchanges

As the world’s first country to launch industrial revolution,the UK had once been at the peak of global power for a long term and exerted great inf luence on the shaping of modern

Reorganization of corticospinal tract in a patient with posterior limb infarct of the internal capsule

Several diffusion tensor-imaging studies have demonstrated motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients with subcortical infarct, including the corona radiata, pons, and medulla. However, studies of motor recovery mechanisms have not been reported in patients with posterior limb infarcts of the intemal capsule. The present study reports on a 77-year-old man with complete paralysis of the left extremities at stroke onset. At 6 months after onset, motor function of the left extremities recovered to a nearly normal state. The 3-week diffusion tensor tractography of the affected （right） hemisphere showed that corticospinal tract discontinued below the posterior limb. In contrast, 6-month diffusion tensor tractography revealed that the right corticospinal tract originated from the precentral gyrus and descended along the anterior area of the infarcted posterior limb. Motor function of the affected extremities was reorganized into the anterior area of the posterior limb infarct.

Hamiltonian long wave expansions for internal vaves over a periodically varying bottom

We derive a Hamiltonian formulation for two-dimensional nonlinear long waves between two bodies of immiscible fluid with a periodic bottom. From the formulation and using the Hamiltonian perturbation theory, we obtain effective Boussinesq equations that describe the motion of bidirectional long waves and unidirectional equations that are similar to the KdV equation for the case in which the bottom possesses short length scale. The computations for these results are performed in the framework of an asymptotic analysis of multiple scale operators.

Function P-sets and Mining-discovery Theorems of Unknown Information Law

Function P-sets are a set pair which are composed of function internal packetsets S F and function outer packet sets S F or (S F , S F ) are function P-sets. Function P-sets have dynamic characteristics and law characteristics. Based on function P-sets, P-information law discovery theorems which has attribute supplementing-deleting are given. Mining-discovery and mining-discovery theorems of unknown information law are proposed. Function P-sets are a new theory and new method to research dynamic information laws for information systems.

Chronic Diseases of Childhood and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: A Systematic Review

The increase in chronic diseases in childhood highlights the need for a biopsychosocial approach to deal with the complexity of these health conditions. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) results from the need to implement new explanatory evaluative and therapeutic models. Thus, the present systematic review aims to identify published studies on the use of the ICF in chronic childhood diseases. As a secondary objective, to map the themes that have already been studied in the area to support the discussion on the expansion of the use of this classification in health services. The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol, and the model was the PICO acronym, where Population was children and adolescents with chronic diseases, Intervention/Exposure was evaluation based on ICF concepts, Comparator was any tool, instrument, or intervention, and outcome was direct or indirect use of the ICF. We selected eight articles, five of which used the ICF as a conceptual tool and three as a classification system, divided into the following themes: quality of life, evaluation of patients (without using coding) and mapping the inclusion of the activity’s results and participation in clinical trials. Thus, use of the ICF in clinical practice is still incipient, although it has been recommended in guidelines. Further studies are necessary to expand the number of contributions by the ICF and to develop the necessary approaches for understanding the classification’s use.

Intrinsic Rationale of Functional Distribution and Quantitative Distribution--International Experience and Reference of Income Distribution

The issue of income distribution in the modern sense emerged with the creation of the capitalist mode of production-a process characterized by income gaps, at first widening, then narrowing, and widening once again. In the classical economic stage featuring dual economy, income distribution was dominated by capital due to scarce capital and cheap labor, which led to widening income gaps. Entering the neoclassical economic stage, income distribution was dominated by the game between capital and labor due to diminishing marginal return to capital and relatively scarce labor, which led to the growing share of labor compensation and narrowing income gaps. Yet since the 1970s, the deepening of financialization of capital has once again magnified the effect of capital-dominated income distribution, which, together with working class polarization, led to another round of widening income gaps. An observation of the long-term evolution of world economic development and income distribution gives us a clearer view on the intrinsic rationale of change in income distribution: The mode of production determines the mode of distribution and functional distribution shares intrinsic consistency with quantitative distribution.

Specific Elements of the Public Internal Control in Countries of the European Union

The concern for greater efficiency in the public sector has determined the application in countries of the European Union of the public internal control systems, stemm from the desire of management of national funds in economic conditions. This paper addresses such issues relating to highlighting elements reflecting the importance of the control function in the management process; and identifying the characteristics of the elements constituting the control systems in countries belonging to the European Union, which were grouped into two categories depending on the date of accession to the union, using public internal control related data provided by the European Commission. Particular attention is given to highlight the characteristics of the control system applied in Romania compared to other states. Research has revealed a greater number of similarities in the characteristics of the control systems of internal public in countries that joined the Union after 1990, compared with those who became members before this year, concerning the financing of the sector public, the accounting system applied, the coordination of such a system, who bears responsibility for financial management, or the limits of managerial responsibility.