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Transfer matrix method for free and forced vibrations of multi-level functionally graded material stepped beams with different boundary conditions
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作者 Xiaoyang SU Tong HU +3 位作者 Wei ZHANG Houjun KANG Yunyue CONG Quan YUAN 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第6期983-1000,共18页
Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a novel class of composite materials that have attracted significant attention in the field of engineering due to their unique mechanical properties.This study aims to explore th... Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a novel class of composite materials that have attracted significant attention in the field of engineering due to their unique mechanical properties.This study aims to explore the dynamic behaviors of an FGM stepped beam with different boundary conditions based on an efficient solving method.Under the assumptions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,the governing differential equations of an individual FGM beam are derived with Hamilton’s principle and decoupled via the separation-of-variable approach.Then,the free and forced vibrations of the FGM stepped beam are solved with the transfer matrix method(TMM).Two models,i.e.,a three-level FGM stepped beam and a five-level FGM stepped beam,are considered,and their natural frequencies and mode shapes are presented.To demonstrate the validity of the method in this paper,the simulation results by ABAQUS are also given.On this basis,the detailed parametric analyses on the frequencies and dynamic responses of the three-level FGM stepped beam are carried out.The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the TMM. 展开更多
关键词 transfer matrix method(TMM) free vibration forced vibration functionally graded material(FGM) stepped beam
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Sound Transmission Loss Analysis of a Double Plate-Acoustic Cavity Coupling System with In-Plane Functionally Graded Materials
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作者 Changzhong Chen Mingfei Chen Wenliang Yu 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第6期2333-2345,共13页
In this paper, the isogeometric analysis (IGA) is employed to develop an acoustic radiation model for a double plate-acoustic cavity coupling system, with a focus on analyzing the sound transmission loss (STL). The fu... In this paper, the isogeometric analysis (IGA) is employed to develop an acoustic radiation model for a double plate-acoustic cavity coupling system, with a focus on analyzing the sound transmission loss (STL). The functionally graded (FG) plate exhibits a different material properties in-plane, and the power-law rule is adopted as the governing principle for material mixing. To validate the harmonic response and demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the isogeometric modeling, ANASYS is utilized to compare with numerical examples. A plane wave serves as the acoustic excitation, and the Rayleigh integral is applied to discretize the radiated plate. The STL results are compared with the literature, confirming the reliability of the coupling system. Finally, the investigation is conducted to study impact of cavity depth and power-law parameter on the STL. 展开更多
关键词 Isogeometric Analysis Sound Transmission Loss Double-Plate System functionally Graded materials Acoustic Structure Coupling
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Review of functionally graded materials processed by additive manufacturing 被引量:2
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作者 宋学平 黄健康 樊丁 《China Welding》 CAS 2023年第3期41-50,共10页
Additive manufacturing(AM)technology makes parts through layer-by-layer deposition,which can regulate the microstructure and properties of different parts of a single part well.It provides a new idea for the preparati... Additive manufacturing(AM)technology makes parts through layer-by-layer deposition,which can regulate the microstructure and properties of different parts of a single part well.It provides a new idea for the preparation of functionally gradient materials(FGM),and has become a research hotspot at present.By referring to and analyzing the recent research achievements in the additive manufacturing tech-nology of FGM,the latest research progress at domestic and abroad from four aspects were summaried:selective laser melting additive man-ufacturing,electron beam additive manufacturing,arc additive manufacturing,path planning,and material texture.Moreover,the existing problems in the research are pointed out,and the future research direction and focus are prospected. 展开更多
关键词 functionally graded materials additive manufacture research progress
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The action mechanisms and structures designs of F-containing functional materials for high performance oxygen electrocatalysis 被引量:1
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作者 Gang Wang Shuwei Jia +7 位作者 Hongjing Gao Yewen Shui Jie Fan Yixia Zhao Lei Li Weimin Kang Nanping Deng Bowen Cheng 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期377-397,I0010,共22页
Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a cent... Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts. 展开更多
关键词 Fluorine-containing functional materials Action mechanisms and structure designs Density functional theory Oxygen evolution reaction Oxygen reduction reaction
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Complete solutions for elastic fields induced by point load vector in functionally graded material model with transverse isotropy
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作者 Sha XIAO Zhongqi YUE 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第3期411-430,共20页
The paper develops and examines the complete solutions for the elastic field induced by the point load vector in a general functionally graded material(FGM)model with transverse isotropy.The FGMs are approximated with... The paper develops and examines the complete solutions for the elastic field induced by the point load vector in a general functionally graded material(FGM)model with transverse isotropy.The FGMs are approximated with n-layered materials.Each of the n-layered materials is homogeneous and transversely isotropic.The complete solutions of the displacement and stress fields are explicitly expressed in the forms of fifteen classical Hankel transform integrals with ten kernel functions.The ten kernel functions are explicitly expressed in the forms of backward transfer matrices and have clear mathematical properties.The singular terms of the complete solutions are analytically isolated and expressed in exact closed forms in terms of elementary harmonic functions.Numerical results show that the computation of the complete solutions can be achieved with high accuracy and efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 functionally graded material(FGM) transverse isotropy ELASTICITY closedform singular solution Green's function point load vector
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Crystalline framework nanosheets as platforms for functional materials
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作者 Yun Fan Cheng Chen +3 位作者 Siyao Zhang Suoying Zhang Fengwei Huo Weina Zhang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期1986-2005,共20页
The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets... The integration of organic and inorganic materials has been widely used in various applications to generate novel functional nanomaterials characterized by unique properties.Functional crystalline framework nanosheets and their synergistic effects have been studied recently for possessing the advantages of functional species as well as crystalline framework nanosheets.Hence,we have focused on the preparation methods and applications of functional crystalline framework nanosheets in this review.We introduced crystalline framework nanosheets and discussed the importance of integrating functional species with nanosheets to form functional crystalline framework nanosheets.Then,two aspects of the preparation methods of functional crystalline framework nanosheets were reviewed:in situ synthesis and post-synthesis modification.Subsequently,we discussed the properties of the crystalline framework nanosheets combined with various functional species and summarized their applications in catalysis,sensing,separation,and energy storage.Finally,we have shared our insights on the challenges of functional crystalline framework nanosheets,hoping to contribute to the knowledge base for optimizing the preparation methods,expanding categories,improving stability,and exploring potential applications. 展开更多
关键词 functional materials crystalline framework nanosheets in situ synthesis post-synthesis modification unique properties
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Research progress and application prospect of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production
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作者 SUN Jinsheng LEI Shaofei +4 位作者 BAI Yingrui LYU Kaihe CHENG Rongchao HAO Huijun LIU Fan 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2023年第1期202-209,共8页
By summarizing the composition,classification,and performance characterization of functional adhesive materials,the adhesion mechanisms of functional adhesive materials,such as adsorption/surface reaction,diffusion,me... By summarizing the composition,classification,and performance characterization of functional adhesive materials,the adhesion mechanisms of functional adhesive materials,such as adsorption/surface reaction,diffusion,mechanical interlocking,and electrostatic adsorption,are expounded.The research status of these materials in oil and gas drilling and production engineering field such as lost circulation prevention/control,wellbore stabilization,hydraulic fracturing,and profile control and water plugging,and their application challenges and prospects in oil and gas drilling and production are introduced comprehensively.According to the applications of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production at this stage,the key research directions of functional adhesive materials in the area of oil and gas drilling and production are proposed:(1)blending and modifying thermoplastic resins or designing curable thermoplastic resins to improve the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of adhesive lost circulation materials;(2)introducing low-cost adhesive groups and positive charge structures into polymers to reduce the cost of wellbore strengthening agents and improve their adhesion performance on the wellbore;(3)introducing thermally reversible covalent bond into thermosetting resin to prevent backflow of proppant and improve the compressive strength of adhesive proppant;(4)introducing thermally reversible covalent bonds into thermoplastic polymers to improve the temperature resistance,salt-resistance and water shutoff performance of adhesive water shutoff agents. 展开更多
关键词 functional adhesive materials adhesion mechanism action mechanism lost circulation prevention and control wellbore stabilization hydraulic fracturing profile control and water shutoff application prospect
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A new electromagnetic functional material composed of metallic hollow micro-spheres 被引量:4
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作者 徐鸿飞 徐丽娜 +1 位作者 顾宁 孙忠良 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2003年第1期8-11,共4页
This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micr... This paper presents a new electromagnetic functional material developed byelectron-less nickel deposition technique, with a single hollow micro-sphere as the core templateand a thin nickel layer as the shell. The micrograph taken by a scanning electron microscope showsthe microstructures of the materials in detail. Scattering parameters of the waveguide sample holderfilled with the materials have been obtained over X band. The electromagnetic parameters computedfrom the measured S parameters show that the material with metallic hollow spheres has as highrelative permeability μ'_r as 19.0 with about 0.6 magnetic loss tangent over the whole bandwidth.Compared to the material with non-metallic spheres, the permeability μ'_r and the magnetic losstangent μ'_r increase greatly, while the permittivity remains lower than 1.8. 展开更多
关键词 electromagnetic functional material microwave absorbing electron-lessdeposition
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Databases of 2D material-substrate interfaces and 2D charged building blocks
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作者 邓俊 潘金波 杜世萱 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期34-38,共5页
Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new mater... Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188. 展开更多
关键词 2D material-substrate interfaces charged building block database functional-oriented materials design layered materials density functional theory
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Proof of Aerobically Autoxidized Self-Charge Concept Based on Single Catechol-Enriched Carbon Cathode Material
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作者 Junyan Wang Wanchun Guo +12 位作者 Kesong Tian Xinta Li Xinyu Wang Panhua Li Yu Zhang Bosen Zhang Biao Zhang Shuhu Liu Xueai Li Zhaopeng Xu Junjie Xu Haiyan Wang Yanglong Hou 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1-13,共13页
The self-charging concept has drawn considerable attention due to its excellent ability to achieve environmental energy harvesting,conversion and storage without an external power supply.However,most self-charging des... The self-charging concept has drawn considerable attention due to its excellent ability to achieve environmental energy harvesting,conversion and storage without an external power supply.However,most self-charging designs assembled by multiple energy harvesting,conversion and storage materials increase the energy transfer loss;the environmental energy supply is generally limited by climate and meteorological conditions,hindering the potential application of these selfpowered devices to be available at all times.Based on aerobic autoxidation of catechol,which is similar to the electrochemical oxidation of the catechol groups on the carbon materials under an electrical charge,we proposed an air-breathing chemical self-charge concept based on the aerobic autoxidation of catechol groups on oxygen-enriched carbon materials to ortho-quinone groups.Energy harvesting,conversion and storage functions could be integrated on a single carbon material to avoid the energy transfer loss among the different materials.Moreover,the assembled Cu/oxygen-enriched carbon battery confirmed the feasibility of the air-oxidation self-charging/electrical discharging mechanism for potential applications.This air-breathing chemical self-charge concept could facilitate the exploration of high-efficiency sustainable air self-charging devices. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon material Oxygen functionality Air oxidation self-charge
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Numerical Analysis of Permeability of Functionally Graded Scaffolds
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作者 Dmitry Bratsun Natalia Elenskaya +1 位作者 Ramil Siraev Mikhail Tashkinov 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第7期1463-1479,共17页
In this work,we numerically study the hydrodynamic permeability of new-generation artificial porous materials used as scaffolds for cell growth in a perfusion bioreactor.We consider two popular solid matrix designs ba... In this work,we numerically study the hydrodynamic permeability of new-generation artificial porous materials used as scaffolds for cell growth in a perfusion bioreactor.We consider two popular solid matrix designs based on triply periodic minimal surfaces,the Schwarz P(primitive)and D(diamond)surfaces,which enable the creation of materials with controlled porosity gradients.The latter property is crucial for regulating the shear stress field in the pores of the scaffold,which makes it possible to control the intensity of cell growth.The permeability of functionally graded materials is studied within the framework of both a microscopic approach based on the Navier-Stokes equation and an averaged description of the liquid filtration through a porous medium based on the equations of the Darcy or Forchheimer models.We calculate the permeability coefficients for both types of solid matrices formed by Schwarz surfaces,study their properties concerning forward and reverse fluid flows,and determine the ranges of Reynolds number for which the description within the Darcy or Forchheimer model is applicable.Finally,we obtain a shear stress field that varies along the sample,demonstrating the ability to tune spatially the rate of tissue growth. 展开更多
关键词 Porous media filtration models scaffolds functionally graded materials
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Dynamic Characteristics of Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beams by Improved Differential Quadrature Method
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作者 Xiaojun Huang Liaojun Zhang +1 位作者 Hanbo Cui Gaoxing Hu 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第8期1647-1668,共22页
This study proposes an effective method to enhance the accuracy of the Differential Quadrature Method(DQM)for calculating the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded beams by improving the form of discrete node... This study proposes an effective method to enhance the accuracy of the Differential Quadrature Method(DQM)for calculating the dynamic characteristics of functionally graded beams by improving the form of discrete node distribution.Firstly,based on the first-order shear deformation theory,the governing equation of free vibration of a functionally graded beam is transformed into the eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations with respect to beam axial displacement,transverse displacement,and cross-sectional rotation angle by considering the effects of shear deformation and rotational inertia of the beam cross-section.Then,ignoring the shear deformation of the beam section and only considering the effect of the rotational inertia of the section,the governing equation of the beam is transformed into the eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations with respect to beam transverse displacement.Based on the differential quadrature method theory,the eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations is transformed into the eigenvalue problem of standard generalized algebraic equations.Finally,the first several natural frequencies of the beam can be calculated.The feasibility and accuracy of the improved DQM are verified using the finite element method(FEM)and combined with the results of relevant literature. 展开更多
关键词 Timoshenko beams functionally graded materials dynamic characteristics natural frequency improved differential quadrature method
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Wave propagation of a functionally graded plate via integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine function
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作者 Mokhtar Ellali Mokhtar Bouazza Ashraf M.Zenkour 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第3期547-561,共15页
Several studies on functionally graded materials(FGMs)have been done by researchers,but few studies have dealt with the impact of the modification of the properties of materials with regard to the functional propagati... Several studies on functionally graded materials(FGMs)have been done by researchers,but few studies have dealt with the impact of the modification of the properties of materials with regard to the functional propagation of the waves in plates.This work aims to explore the effects of changing compositional characteristics and the volume fraction of the constituent of plate materials regarding the wave propagation response of thick plates of FGM.This model is based on a higher-order theory and a new displacement field with four unknowns that introduce indeterminate integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine function.The FGM plate is assumed to consist of a mixture of metal and ceramic,and its properties change depending on the power functions of the thickness of the plate,such as linear,quadratic,cubic,and inverse quadratic.By utilizing Hamilton’s principle,general formulae of the wave propagation were obtained to establish wave modes and phase velocity curves of the wave propagation in a functionally graded plate,including the effects of changing compositional characteristics of materials. 展开更多
关键词 FGM plate effects of material properties wave propagation indeterminate integral variables inverse sinus hyperbolic function
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Constitutive Model for Rubberlike Materials
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作者 Fuzhang Zhao 《Advances in Pure Mathematics》 2024年第8期633-649,共17页
The isotropic continuum stored energy (CSE) functional, fully combined with the Poisson function, has been applied to constitutively model compressible as well as incompressible rubberlike materials. The isotropic CSE... The isotropic continuum stored energy (CSE) functional, fully combined with the Poisson function, has been applied to constitutively model compressible as well as incompressible rubberlike materials. The isotropic CSE constitutive model fits uniaxial tension test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests of incompressible S4035A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Furthermore, the isotropic CSE model along with the Poisson function fits uniaxial tension test along with the kinematic relation test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests along with the corresponding kinematic relation tests of a compressible synthetic rubber. The detailed procedures for uniquely identifying constitutive parameters are emphasized, the experimental characterization results are discussed, and the principles for constitutive models are summarized and augmented. 展开更多
关键词 Compressible Finite Elasticity Constitutive Modeling Isotropic CSE functional Poisson function Rubberlike materials
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Functional Approach to the C-E Translation of Tourist Material
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作者 李先玉 《海外英语》 2014年第24期131-133,共3页
Tourist material has its own text features.To translate tourist material is to achieve its purpose by transferring its pragmatic force,which is determined by text features and functions of tourist material.Which strat... Tourist material has its own text features.To translate tourist material is to achieve its purpose by transferring its pragmatic force,which is determined by text features and functions of tourist material.Which strategies exactly should be used in a certain circumstance is not important provided the pragmatic force is transmitted successfully. 展开更多
关键词 functional APPROACH TOURIST material TRANSLATION t
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Fluoridation routes,function mechanism and application of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based materials for various batteries:A review
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作者 Weicui Liu Nanping Deng +5 位作者 Gang Wang Ruru Yu Xiaoxiao Wang Bowen Cheng Jingge Ju Weimin Kang 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第10期363-393,I0011,共32页
With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms... With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms,doping fluorine atoms in nanocarbon-based materials is considered an effective way to improve the performance of used battery.However,there is still a blank in the systematic review of the mechanism and research progress of fluorine-doped nanostructured carbon materials in various batteries.In this review,the synthetic routes of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based(CF_x)materials under different fluorine sources and the function mechanism of CF_x in various batteries are reviewed in detail.Subsequently,judging from the dependence between the structure and electrochemical performance of nanocarbon sources,the progress of CF_x based on different dimensions(0D–3D)for primary battery applications is reviewed and the balance between energy density and power density is critically discussed.In addition,the roles of CF_x materials in secondary batteries and their current applications in recent years are summarized in detail to illustrate the effect of introducing F atoms.Finally,we envisage the prospect of CF_x materials and offer some insights and recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of CF_x materials for various high-performance battery applications. 展开更多
关键词 Nanocarbon materials Fluorinated/fluorine-doped effect function mechanism Various batteries
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DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF A FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT CERAMIC TOOL MATERIAL 被引量:14
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作者 J. Zhao,X. Ai, J.H. Zhang, J.X. Deng and C.Z. Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Jinan 250061,China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1999年第5期1054-1058,共5页
Based on the analyses of the severity of cutting process as well as the failure mechanisms of ceramic tools, a model for designing functionally gradient ceramic tool materials with symmetrical distribution is presente... Based on the analyses of the severity of cutting process as well as the failure mechanisms of ceramic tools, a model for designing functionally gradient ceramic tool materials with symmetrical distribution is presented, by which a Al 2O 3/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool material FG 2 was developed. Multi objective optimization method was employed in designing the compositional distribution of this ceramic tool material. The results of both continuous and intermittent cutting tests are indicative of the much better cutting behavior of the functionally gradient ceramic tool FG 2 than that of the common ceramic tool SG 4. 展开更多
关键词 functionally gradient materials materials design compositional distribution ceramic tool
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Optimum Weight Design of Functionally Graded Material Gears 被引量:7
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作者 JING Shikai ZHANG He +1 位作者 ZHOU Jingtao SONG Guohua 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期1186-1193,共8页
Traditional gear weight optimization methods consider gear tooth number, module, face width or other dimension parameters of gear as design variables. However, due to the complicated form and geometric features peculi... Traditional gear weight optimization methods consider gear tooth number, module, face width or other dimension parameters of gear as design variables. However, due to the complicated form and geometric features peculiar to the gear, there will be large amounts of design parameters in gear design, and the influences of gear parameters changing on gear trains, transmission system and the whole equipment have to be taken into account, which increases the complexity of optimization problem. This paper puts forward to apply functionally graded materials(FGMs) to gears and then conduct the optimization. According to the force situation of gears, the material distribution form of FGM gears is determined. Then based on the performance parameters analysis of FGMs and the practical working demands for gears, a multi-objective optimization model is formed. Finally by using the goal driven optimization(GDO) method, the optimal material distribution is achieved, which makes gear weight and the maximum deformation be minimum and the maximum bending stress do not exceed the allowable stress. As an example, the applying of FGM to automotive transmission gear is conducted to illustrate the optimization design process and the result shows that under the condition of keeping the normal working performance of gear, the method achieves in greatly reducing the gear weight. This research proposes a FGM gears design method that is able to largely reduce the weight of gears by optimizing the microscopic material parameters instead of changing the macroscopic dimension parameters of gears, which reduces the complexity of gear weight optimization problem. 展开更多
关键词 GEARS optimum weight design functionally graded materials material distribution additive manufacturing
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Functional porous carbon-based composite electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries 被引量:5
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作者 Kai Zhang Zhe Hu Jun Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第2期214-225,共12页
The synthetic routes of porous carbons and the applications of the functional porous carbon-based composite electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries are reviewed. The synthetic methods have made great break... The synthetic routes of porous carbons and the applications of the functional porous carbon-based composite electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries are reviewed. The synthetic methods have made great breakthroughs to control the pore size and volume, wall thickness, surface area, and connectivity of porous carbons, which result in the development of functional porous carbon-based composite electrode materials. The effects of porous carbons on the electrochemical properties are further discussed. The porous carbons as ideal matrixes to incorporate active materials make a great improvement on the electrochemical properties because of high surface area and pore volume, excellent electronic conductivity, and strong adsorption capacity. Large numbers of the composite electrode materials have been used for the devices of electrochemical energy conversion and storage, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), Li-S batteries, and Li-O2 batteries. It is believed that functional porous carbon-based composite electrode materials will continuously contribute to the field of lithium secondary batteries. 展开更多
关键词 porous carbons functional materials composite electrode materials synthetic method lithium secondary batteries
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NVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTOPN OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADIENT MATERIAL BY ELECTROLESS PLATING 被引量:6
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作者 Z.M.Xu1) ,J.S.Zhen1) ,H.F.Liu1) and L.M.Zhang2) 1)Departent of Chemistry , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 ,China 2)Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070 ,China 《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1999年第4期678-683,共6页
Thispaper proposed a new methodof producing Ceramic/ Metalfunctionally gradient mate rialby electroless platingtechnique. The experimentof producing SiC/ Ni PFGM wascar ried out with self made electroless plating ... Thispaper proposed a new methodof producing Ceramic/ Metalfunctionally gradient mate rialby electroless platingtechnique. The experimentof producing SiC/ Ni PFGM wascar ried out with self made electroless plating facilities. The results show that the thickness of FGMcoating andthegradientdistribution ofcompositioncanbecontrolled byoptimizingelec trolessplating technology and changing the parameters such as plating time, the additionspeed and concentration of SiCparticles. Analysisdemonstratesthatthereisastrongrelation ship amongthe SiCcontent,the microstructureandthe mechanicalproperty ofthe FGM. 展开更多
关键词 electrolessplating functionally gradient material SiC/ Ni
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