Effects of sleep bruxism on functional and occlusal parameters:a prospective controlled investigation

This study was conducted to verify the results of a preceding retrospective pilot study by means of a prospective controlled investigation including a larger sample size. Therefore, the aim of this clinical investigation was to analyze the relationship between sleep bruxism and several functional and occlusal parameters. The null hypothesis of this study was that there would be no differences among sleep bruxism subjects and non-sleep bruxism controls regarding several functional and occlusal parameters. Fifty-eight sleep bruxism subjects and 31 controls participated in this study. The diagnosis sleep bruxism was based on clinical criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sixteen functional and occlusal parameters were recorded clinically or from dental study casts. Similar to the recently published retrospective pilot study, with a mean slide of 0.77 mm （s.d., 0.69 mm） in the sleep bruxism group and a mean slide of 0.4 mm （s.d., 0.57 mm） in the control group, the evaluation of the mean comparison between the two groups demonstrated a larger slide from centric occlusion to maximum intercuspation in sleep bruxism subjects （Mann-Whitney U-test; P=O.O08）. However, following Bonferroni adjustment, none of the 16 occlusal and functional variables differed significantly between the sleep bruxism subjects and the non-sleep bruxism controls. The present study shows that the occlusal and functional parameters evaluated do not differ between sleep bruxism subjects and non-sleep bruxism subjects. However, as the literature reveals a possible association between bruxism and certain subgroups of temporomandibular disorders, it appears advisable to incorporate the individual adaptive caoacitv of the stomatognathic svstem into future investigations.

Introducing the nth-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems (nth-FASAM-N): II. Illustrative Example

This work highlights the unparalleled efficiency of the “nth-Order Function/ Feature Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (nth-FASAM-N) by considering the well-known Nordheim-Fuchs reactor dynamics/safety model. This model describes a short-time self-limiting power excursion in a nuclear reactor system having a negative temperature coefficient in which a large amount of reactivity is suddenly inserted, either intentionally or by accident. This nonlinear paradigm model is sufficiently complex to model realistically self-limiting power excursions for short times yet admits closed-form exact expressions for the time-dependent neutron flux, temperature distribution and energy released during the transient power burst. The nth-FASAM-N methodology is compared to the extant “nth-Order Comprehensive Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Nonlinear Systems” (nth-CASAM-N) showing that: (i) the 1st-FASAM-N and the 1st-CASAM-N methodologies are equally efficient for computing the first-order sensitivities;each methodology requires a single large-scale computation for solving the “First-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System” (1st-LASS);(ii) the 2nd-FASAM-N methodology is considerably more efficient than the 2nd-CASAM-N methodology for computing the second-order sensitivities since the number of feature-functions is much smaller than the number of primary parameters;specifically for the Nordheim-Fuchs model, the 2nd-FASAM-N methodology requires 2 large-scale computations to obtain all of the exact expressions of the 28 distinct second-order response sensitivities with respect to the model parameters while the 2nd-CASAM-N methodology requires 7 large-scale computations for obtaining these 28 second-order sensitivities;(iii) the 3rd-FASAM-N methodology is even more efficient than the 3rd-CASAM-N methodology: only 2 large-scale computations are needed to obtain the exact expressions of the 84 distinct third-order response sensitivities with respect to the Nordheim-Fuchs model’s parameters when applying the 3rd-FASAM-N methodology, while the application of the 3rd-CASAM-N methodology requires at least 22 large-scale computations for computing the same 84 distinct third-order sensitivities. Together, the nth-FASAM-N and the nth-CASAM-N methodologies are the most practical methodologies for computing response sensitivities of any order comprehensively and accurately, overcoming the curse of dimensionality in sensitivity analysis.

Rheological Behaviour for Polymer Melts and Concentrated SolutionsPart Ⅱ: Material Function with Nagai Chain Constraints and Determination of Their Parameters from Flow Curves

An integral constitutive equation and a set of material functions for describing the strain history of polymer melts were formulated in terms of the Cauchy-Green and Finger tensors. A simple memory function and the dependence of ηo and τt on M3.4 were derived from the theory of non-linear viscoelasticity with constraints of entanglements for polymer melts and substituted into the Oldroye-Walters-Fredickson constitutive equation. An integral constitutive equation for polymer melts was consequently obtained. Some material functions of the constitutive equation related to certain 'test flow' are examined as follows : (1) simple steady shear flow; (2) steady elongation flow; (3) small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow; (4) stress growth upon the inception of steady shear elongation flow; (5) stress relaxation (modulus and compllance). These theoretical relations for simple steady shear flow were compared with experimental data from our laboratory and references for various polymer melts and concentrated solutions. A good agreement between the theory and experiment was achieved.

GENERALIZED RAY APPROXIMATE METHOD TO INVERSE MEDIUM PARAMETERS

In this paper, the inverse problem of the medium parameters in an inhomogeneous medium is studied and a generalized ray approximate form of the total wave field is described. First, the acoustic wave equation derived from the elastic wave equation is studied, the referential variables and perturbational variables are introduced, and the integral equation of the medium perturbational parameters is obtained. Then from the point of view of the local principles of the wave function in an inhomogeneous medium, a generalized ray approximate form of the total wave field in an inhomogeneous medium is described, and attention is focused on the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Finally, the medium parameters in half-plane are inversed. Numerical examples show when the perturbations of the medium parameters are about 0.5, this method can effectively inverse its variation. Apparently, this method is better than the conventional Born weak scattering approximation.

PARACRYSTAL STRUCTURE PARAMETERS STUDIES IN LDPE/EPO BLENDS WITH VARIANCE-RANGE FUNCTION METHOD

X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystallite size and the distortion parameter from single reflection have been described,and the value of these two parameters at (110)and(200)directions have been determined.

THE INTEGRAL AS A FUNCTlON OF THE UPPER LIMIT AND DEPENDING ON A PARAMETER TO SOLVE DRAWING THROUGH IDLING ROLLS

The relocity and sirain-rate .field which are different from Avilzur's have beenestablished in Caitesian coordinates. Using the integral as a function of the upper limitand integration depending on a parameler, an analylical upper-bound solution todrawing stress through idling rolls has been obtained in this paper.

Manufacturing of Composite Pasta by a Mixing Plan

The partial replacement of durum wheat semolina with local flours such as soybeans and yam reduces the dependence of durum wheat semolina for the production of pasta. The main objective of this study is to develop yam flour (A) from Dioscorea alata in the manufacture of pasta made with durum wheat semolina (B) and soy flour (C) (raw materials). The methodology adopted consists first of all in the characterization of yam, soybean and durum wheat semolina. An experimental design was developed to bring out the balanced mixing plan in well-defined proportions with ten (10) tests. Chemical and functional analyzes were carried out on the pastes obtained from these formulations. The functional properties allowed us to determine the optimal mixing plan using a mathematical model. The sensory properties of the optimal compound dough were estimated in comparison with the control doughs. The results on the chemical properties of raw materials A, B and C obtained on the water content vary from 10.29% to 12.29%;those of ashes vary from 0.91% to 5.74% and those of proteins vary from 3.24% to 20.17%. The results of the chemical and functional parameters of compound pasta gave very diverse values. We find that the water content, the ash content, the protein content and the acidity rate of the series of 10 tests are respectively from 6.60% to 14.97%, from 0.97% to 1.67%, from 7.15% to 12.10% and from 1.35% to 3.60%. Regarding the optimal cooking time for this series of 10 tests, it varies from 15 min to 20 min with a swelling index which is between 59.70% and 107.12%. Statistical tests (test F) from the different models indicate that the main regression effects are not significant with a p-value probability greater than 0.05. The models obtained were significant with a good value for the coefficient of determination R2. The sensory test approved that optimal compound pasta has good overall acceptability compared to 100% durum wheat pasta. The 20.40% yam flour mixture (102.020 g);55.19% of durum wheat semolina (275.982 g) and 24.39% of soy flour (121.998 g) has good potential in the preparation of compound pasta.

INTERPOLATION OF LORENTZ-ORLICZ MARTINGALE SPACES

In this paper, we apply function parameters to real interpolation of Lorentz- Orlicz martingale spaces. Some new interpolation theorems are formulated which generalize some known results in Lorentz spaces An introduced by Sharpley.

A computational model of the human glucose-insulin regulatory system

Objective：A computational model of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism for assisting the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in clinical research is introduced.The proposed method for the estimation of parameters for a system of ordinary differential equations（ODEs）that represent the time course of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during glucose tolerance test（GTT）in physiological studies is presented.The aim of this study was to explore how to interpret those laboratory glucose and insulin data as well as enhance the Ackerman mathematical model.Methods：Parameters estimation for a system of ODEs was performed by minimizing the sum of squared residuals（SSR）function,which quantifies the difference between theoretical model predictions and GTT＇s experimental observations.Our proposed perturbation search and multiple-shooting methods were applied during the estimating process.Results：Based on the Ackerman＇s published data,we estimated the key parameters by applying R-based iterative computer programs.As a result,the theoretically simulated curves perfectly matched the experimental data points.Our model showed that the estimated parameters,computed frequency and period values,were proven a good indicator of diabetes.Conclusion：The present paper introduces a computational algorithm to biomedical problems,particularly to endocrinology and metabolism fields,which involves two coupled differential equations with four parameters describing the glucose-insulin regulatory system that Ackerman proposed earlier.The enhanced approach may provide clinicians in endocrinology and metabolism field insight into the transition nature of human metabolic mechanism from normal to impaired glucose tolerance.

Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to Fault Condition Recognition Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis

Panicle swarm optimization （PSO） is an optimization algorithm based on the swarm intelligent principle. In this paper the modified PSO is applied to a kernel principal component analysis （ KPCA ） for an optimal kernel function parameter. We first comprehensively considered within-class scatter and between-class scatter of the sample features. Then, the fitness function of an optimized kernel function parameter is constructed, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive acceleration （CPSO） is applied to optimizing it. It is used for gearbox condi- tion recognition, and the result is compared with the recognized results based on principal component analysis （PCA）. The results show that KPCA optimized by CPSO can effectively recognize fault conditions of the gearbox by reducing bind set-up of the kernel function parameter, and its results of fault recognition outperform those of PCA. We draw the conclusion that KPCA based on CPSO has an advantage in nonlinear feature extraction of mechanical failure, and is helpful for fault condition recognition of complicated machines.

Protective Effect of Shenfu Injection on Rats with Chronic Heart Failure Induced by Doxorubicin

[Objectives] To determine the protective effect of Shenfu injection( SFI) on chronic heart failure( CHF) in rats induced by doxorubicin. [Methods] CHF was induced by doxorubicin via intraperitoneal injection in rats. The cardiac function parameters,the heart index,the serum brain natriuretic peptide( BNP) level and cardiac histopathology were measured 4 weeks after Shenfu injection treatment. [Results]Shenfu injection remarkably improved the heart index and cardiac histopathology,increased the heart rate( HR),left ventricular systolic pressure( LVSP),maximum rising rate of left ventricular pressure( + dp/dtmax) and dropping rate of left ventricular pressure(-dp/dtmax),reduced the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure( LVEDP) and serum BNP level of rats with CHF induced by doxorubicin. [Conclusions]Shenfu injection exerts protective effect on CHF induced by doxorubicin.

Potential energy curve study on the ^3Π electronic states of GaX （X=F, Cl, and Br） molecules

The potential energy curves （PECs） of the 3Π states of GaX （X=F, Cl, and Br） molecules are calculated using the multireference configuration interaction method with a large contracted basis set aug-cc-pV5Z. The PECs are accurately fitted to analytical potential energy functions （APEFs） using the Murrell–Sorbie potential function. The spectroscopic parameters for the states are determined using the obtained APEFs, and compared with the theoretical and experimental data available presently in the literature.

Hybrid functional calculations on the band gap bowing parameters of In_xGa_(1-x)N

The electronic band structures and band gap bowing parameters of In_xGa_（1-x）N are studied by the firstprinciples method based on the density functional theory. Calculations by employing both the Heyd-ScuseriaErnzerh of hybrid functional（HSE06） and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof（PBE） one are performed. We found that the theoretical band gap bowing parameter is dependent significantly on the calculation method, especially on the exchange-correlation functional employed in the DFT calculations. The band gap of In_xGa_（1-x）N alloy decreases considerably when the In constituent x increases. It is the interactions of s–s and p–p orbitals between anions and cations that play significant roles in formatting the band gaps bowing. In general, the HSE06 hybrid functional could provide a good alternative to the PBE functional in calculating the band gap bowing parameters.

DFT Study on the Correlation between Thermodynamical Property and Molecular Structure of Polybromo-phenoxathiin

Complete optimization was conducted for 136 polybromo-phenoxathiin congeners（PBPTs） on the B3LYP/6-31G＊ level with Gaussian 03 program.The structural parameters and thermodynamical parameters of each molecule were obtained under the standard state of 298.15 K and 1.013×10^5 Pa.Reverse linear regression was employed to establish the quantitative structure-property correlation models between heat capacity at constant volume（CVθ）,entropy（Sθ）,standard heat of formation（△fHθ） and standard free energy of formation（△fGθ） of PBPTs and the structural parameters（the most negative atomic charge（q^-） and molecular average polarizability（α））.These models presented better correlations（r^2〉0.97）.And they were validated by variance inflation factor（VIF） and t-test,which can better explain the regularity of thermodynamical property of PBPTs,and has good stability and great prediction ability.

Analytical potential energy function and spectroscopy parameters for B^1Π state of KH

Multi-reference configuration interaction is used to produce potential energy curves （PECs） for the excited B1FI state of KH molecule. To investigate the correlation effect of core-valence electrons, five schemes are employed which include the different correlated electrons and different active spaces. The PECs are fitted into analytical potential energy functions （APEFs）. The spectroscopic parameters, ro-vibrational levels, and transition frequencies are determined based on the APEFs and compared with available experimental and theoretical data. The molecular properties for B1II obtained in this letter, which are better than those available in literature, can be reproduced with calculations using the suitable correlated electrons and active space of orbitals.

THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA—PART Ⅱ:ISPRM AND VSPRM2

Based on the practice of improved simultaneous physical retrieval model(ISPRM),in the light of the functional analysis approach,the variational simultaneous physical retrieval model (VSPRM)has been developed.Its approximation of 1st degree is VSPRM1,which is identical with the ISPRM.Its approximation of 2nd degree is VSPRM2,more advanced than the VSPRM1. This paper has analyzed the function of VSPRM2,pointing out the potentiality of synergy retrieval of this model.Also,it has dealt with the problem of parameterization of water vapor's kernel functions and retrieval of water vapor remote sensing. Because of the characteristics of this strong ill posed inverse problem,prior information must be used wisely in order to get the accurate calculation of radiance R.In the previous paper,we discussed how to build the best first guess field,the way to determine the P_s and to correct the calculation of radiance.In this paper,we continue discussing in depth about the calculation of transmittance,the determination of surface parameters and the selection for an optimum combination of channels for the low-level sounding. The long-term experiment and comparison work under operational environment have shown that the ISPRM is useful for retrieval of temperature and water vapor parameters over China including the Tibetan Plateau,and it further proves the scientific nature of well-posed inverse theory.

Tree Age Affects Postharvest Attributes and Mineral Content in Amrapali Mango(Mangifera indica) Fruits

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of tree age on postharvest attributes and mineral content of Amrapali mango fruits. Effect of 3 different tree ages(6, 18 and 30 years) on functional components, including the antioxidant activity(AOX), total phenols, total carotenoids,ascorbic acid and minerals like Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B along with total sugars, total soluble solids(TSS) and titratable acidity(TA),respiration rate, polygalacturonase(PG) and pectin methylesterase(PME) activities in Amrapali cultivar were studied. With tree ageing total phenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased whereas total carotenoids increased. Ca diminished and K elevated with the tree age progression while, B, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn showed an indefinite pattern. Total soluble solids and total sugars were recorded higher in 18 year old tree fruits. Fruit respiration rate, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activities showed an upward trend with tree ageing. The study indicates that fruit produced from middle age group mango orchard(18 year old) suits to the requirement of consumers as well as industry.

Generalized Hardy Spaces

Hardy spaces with generalized parameter are introduced following the maximal characterization approach. As particular cases, they include the classical Hp spaces and the Hardy-Lorentz spaces H^p,q. Real interpolation results with function parameter are obtained, Based on them, the behavior of some classical operators is studied in this generalized setting.

A macro-mechanical constitutive model for shape memory polymer

It is of theoretical and engineering interest to establish a macro-mechanical constitutive model of the shape memory polymer (SMP), which includes the mechanical constitutive equation and the material parameter function, from the viewpoint of practical application. In this paper, a new three-dimensional macro-mechanical constitutive equation, which describes the mechanical behaviors associated with the shape memory effect of SMP, is developed based on solid mechanics and the viscoelasticity theorem. According to the results of the DMA test, a new material parameter function is established to express the relationship of the material parameters and temperature during the glass transition of SMP. The new macro-mechanical constitutive equation and material parameter function are used to numerically simulate the process producing the shape memory effect of SMP, which includes deforming at high temperature, stress freezing, unloading at low temperature and shape recovery. They are also used to investigate and analyze the influences of loading rate and temperature change rate on the thermo-mechanical behaviors of SMP. The numerical results and the comparisons with Zhou’s material parameter function and Tobushi’s mechanical constitutive equation illustrate that the proposed three-dimensional macro-mechanical constitutive model can effectively predict the thermo-mechanical behaviors of SMP under the state of complex stress.

Min-max model predictive control for constrained nonlinear systems via multiple LPV embeddings

A min-max model predictive control strategy is proposed for a class of constrained nonlinear system whose trajectories can be embedded within those of a bank of linear parameter varying （LPV） models. The embedding LPV models can yield much better approximation of the nonlinear system dynamics than a single LTV model. For each LPV model, a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function is introduced to obtain poly-quadratically stable control law and to guarantee the feasibility and stability of the origi- nal nonlinear system. This approach can greatly reduce computational burden in traditional nonlinear predictive control strategy. Finally a simulation example illustrating the strategy is presented.