Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional pr...Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.展开更多
It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional proper...It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional properties of proteins at five different stages, including early milky stage(EMS), middle milky stage(MMS), late milky stage(LMS), waxy ripe stage(WS)and ripening stage(RS), during the seed development were investigated. It was found that with the seed developing, the molecular weight of fresh rice protein gradually become larger while the secondary structure changed from the highest content of disordered structure at MMS to the highest content of ordered structure at RS, which affect the surface hydrophobicity and then the functional properties of proteins, including foaming properties, emulsifying properties and oil holding capacity. Fresh rice protein at MMS has the strongest surface hydrophobicity while fresh edible rice protein at RS has the strongest oil holding capability. The results of our study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of fresh rice protein in the food industry and help to develop new fresh edible rice food.展开更多
The present investigation was aimed to study functional properties,antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of brown and polished flours obtained from four rice cultivars(SR-4,K-39,Mushq Budij a...The present investigation was aimed to study functional properties,antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of brown and polished flours obtained from four rice cultivars(SR-4,K-39,Mushq Budij and Zhag)of Kashmir.Brown rice flours had higher total dietary fibre(3.08%-3.68%),oil absorption(116.0%-139.0%),emulsion capacity(4.78%-9.52%),emulsion stability(87.46%-99.93%)and resistant starch content(6.80%-9.00%)than polished flours.However,polished flours presented greater water absorption(102.0%-122.0%),foaming capacity(8.00%-13.63%),apparent amylose(19.16%-22.62%),peak(2260.0-2408.0 cP),trough(1372.0-1589.0 cP)and breakdown(714.0-978.0 cP)viscosities than their brown counterparts.Brown rice flours depicted highest total phenolic content(4.40-6.40 mg GAE/g)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(19.50%-33.20%).However,equilibrium starch hydrolysis percentage(C∞)and predicted glycemic index of brown rice flours were lower than their polished counterparts.Among rice cultivars,brown Zhag flour had the highest total dietary fibre(3.68%),emulsion capacity(9.52%),emulsion stability(99.93%),resistant starch(9.00%),DPPH radical scavenging activity(85.45%)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(33.20%),respectively.Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability were positively correlated with protein content of rice flours.However,peak,trough,breakdown and setback viscosities were negatively correlated with protein and fat contents of rice flour.The present investigation will be helpful in identifying nutritive role of rice flours from studied cultivars in human diet.展开更多
One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among ...One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among others.Hence,this study was aimed to evaluate nutrient,phytochemicals,functional properties,and glycemic index of Ogi produced from different grains.Grains such as yellow maize(YM),white maize(WM),popcorn maize(PC),red sorghum(RS),white sorghum(WS)and finger millet(FM)were processed into Ogi samples,packaged in airtight container prior to analysis and stored at–20℃.Proximate results showed that Ogi sample produced from PC significantly contained the highest protein content followed by sample YM.Potassium was observed to be the most abundant mineral elements in Ogi(14.50–19.10 mg/100 g).The phytochemical composition(mg/g)of the experimental samples ranged from 0.34–1.62,53.82–177.09,0.00–0.10,3.71–69.22 and 2.08–6.08 mg/g in oxalate,saponin,flavonoid,phytate and tannin,respectively.The glycemic index ranged 48.83%in YM to 50.71%in WS,while the glycemic load ranged 31.96%in YM to 37.82%in WS,respectively.The result revealed that Ogi samples,especially YM was high in calcium,Ca/P ratio,iron,zinc but low in phytate and tannin content.Sample YM also exhibit lower glycemic index,when compared with other Ogi samples.Hence,YM may be a better grain for the production of Ogi samples.展开更多
This study aimed to analyze the effect of lipid peroxidation on the allergenicity and functional properties of soybeanβ-conglycinin(7 S)and glycinin(11 S).Oxidation complexes were determined using the lipid peroxidat...This study aimed to analyze the effect of lipid peroxidation on the allergenicity and functional properties of soybeanβ-conglycinin(7 S)and glycinin(11 S).Oxidation complexes were determined using the lipid peroxidation method.Functional properties were analyzed based on emulsifying and foaming properties.The potential allergenicity was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods.The results found that oxidation altered structures of the proteins and resulted in the formation of cross-linked protein polymers.The emulsion and foaming properties of the proteins were improved after oxidation.The IgE-binding capacity of 7 S and11 S reduced after oxidation.KU812 cell assays showed that both histamine and IL-4 release decreased after oxidation treatment.A mouse model showed that oxidation reduced the IgE,IgG,and IgG1 levels,as well as reduced histamine and mMCP-1 release in serum,which might suppress the allergic reaction.In conclusion,the lipid peroxidation treatment likely causes changes to the functional properties of soybean,decreasing the potential allergenicity of 7 S and 11 S.展开更多
Three pectin fractions(water-soluble fraction(WSF),chelator-soluble fraction(CSF),and sodium carbonatesoluble fraction(NSF))were obtained from Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis)fruits.All of them were branched low ...Three pectin fractions(water-soluble fraction(WSF),chelator-soluble fraction(CSF),and sodium carbonatesoluble fraction(NSF))were obtained from Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis)fruits.All of them were branched low methoxylated pectins with an amorphous or partially nanocrystalline nature and eight neutral monosaccharides(arabinose and galactose were most abundant).WSF,CSF and NSF had a degree of methylation(DM)of 35.82%,14.85%and 7.13%,uronic acid(UA)content of 76.02%,83.71%and 69.01%,and total protein content of 2.4%,2.1%and 8.8%,respectively.Their molecular weights were 340.31,330.16 and 141.31 kg/mol,respectively(analyzed by gel permeation chromatography(GPC)).WSF,CSF and NSF exhibited good rheological,thermal,emulsifying,emulsion-stabilizing,water-adsorbing,oil-binding,cholesterol-binding and antioxidant properties.NSF had the highest emulsifying,emulsion stabilizing,water-/oil-/cholesterol-binding and antioxidant capacities,followed by CSF.NSF had the highest viscosity(406.77 m Pa·s),flowability,and resistance to heat-induced changes/damage,which may be related to its lowest polydispersity index,DM and UA content and highest protein content.The three pectin fractions with desirable characteristics can be used as food additives/ingredients and dietary supplements.展开更多
The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced elec...The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced electronic property tuning of MoS_2 are investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.A downward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the decreasing work function,which are induced by the electron transfer from Cs overlayers to MoS_2,is observed after the functionalization of MoS_2 with Cs,leading to n-type doping.Meanwhile,when MoS_2 is modified with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_4-TCNQ),an upward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the increasing work function is observed at the interfaces.This is attributed to the electron depletion within MoS_2 due to the strong electron withdrawing property of F_4-TCNQ,indicating p-type doping of MoS_2.Our findings reveal that surface transfer doping is an effective approach for electronic property tuning of MoS_2 and paves the way to optimize its performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the drying methods,functional and structure properties of dietary fiber( DF) from peanut shells.[Methods]Peanut shells were used as a raw material to prepare peanut...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the drying methods,functional and structure properties of dietary fiber( DF) from peanut shells.[Methods]Peanut shells were used as a raw material to prepare peanut shell dietary fiber( DF) by hot air drying( HA) and vacuum freeze drying( VF),respectively,and their functional and structural characteristics were compared in detail. [Results]The solubility,water holding capacity,oil holding capacity and swelling capacity of HA-DF and VF-DF were 2. 15 %,7. 63 g/g,7. 73 g/g,10. 35 ml/g and 3. 85 %,14. 98 g/g,15. 25 g/g,15. 85 ml/g,respectively. The total phenol contents were 2. 623 and 5. 173 mg GAE/g,respectively. The IC(50) values of ·OH,O2^-· and DPPH free radicals were 4. 16 and 4. 09 mg/ml,7. 90 and 3. 32 mg/ml,and 3. 19 and 3. 09 mg/ml,respectively. The molecular weight of VF-DF was smaller,and it had narrow molecular weight distribution and denser particles. Electron microscopy showed that VF-DF had a porous network like honeycomb and swelled structure. [Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for the functional modification and comprehensive utilization of peanut shell dietary fiber.展开更多
The contact problem for thermoelectric materials with functionally graded properties is considered.The material properties,such as the electric conductivity,the thermal conductivity,the shear modulus,and the thermal e...The contact problem for thermoelectric materials with functionally graded properties is considered.The material properties,such as the electric conductivity,the thermal conductivity,the shear modulus,and the thermal expansion coefficient,vary in an exponential function.Using the Fourier transform technique,the electro-thermoelastic problems are transformed into three sets of singular integral equations which are solved numerically in terms of the unknown normal electric current density,the normal energy flux,and the contact pressure.Meanwhile,the complex homogeneous solutions of the displacement fields caused by the gradient parameters are simplified with the help of Euler’s formula.After addressing the non-linearity excited by thermoelectric effects,the particular solutions of the displacement fields can be assessed.The effects of various combinations of material gradient parameters and thermoelectric loads on the contact behaviors of thermoelectric materials are presented.The results give a deep insight into the contact damage mechanism of functionally graded thermoelectric materials(FGTEMs).展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to prove a Holder property about the fractal interpolation function L(x), ω(L,δ)=O(δ~α), and an approximate estimate |f-L|≤2{α(h)+||f||/1-h^(2-D)·h^(2-D)}, where D is a fractal ...The purpose of this paper is to prove a Holder property about the fractal interpolation function L(x), ω(L,δ)=O(δ~α), and an approximate estimate |f-L|≤2{α(h)+||f||/1-h^(2-D)·h^(2-D)}, where D is a fractal dimension of L(x).展开更多
The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X...The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X-ray diffractometer (XRD ). electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM ) and optical microscope were employed to investigate the crystalline phases. chemical composition and microstructure Experimental results demonstrate that the composition and microstructure of ZrO2-Ni FGM have the expected gradient distribution. There are no distinct interfaces in the FGM due to the gradient change of components. that is, the constituents are continuous in microstructure everywhere. Moreover, Vickers hardness and flexural strength were measured for the common composites as a function of composition. It is made clear that the mechanical properties of the FGM vary corresponding to the constitutional changes as well展开更多
Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,...Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,in vitro protein digestibility and functional properties of Aduwa Protein Meals,Protein Concentrate and Isolate were investigated.Methods:Aduwa seeds toasted at 70°C to make Aduwa protein meal(APM)yield extensive resolved biomaterials.The meal were resolved into DAPM,APC and API.Results:Phytochemicals analysis revealed reduction as APM sample is being resolved to protein concentrate and isolate.Similar trend was also observed in Anti-nutrients content significant reduction as material meal are resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.The in-vitro protein digestibility showed that APM(59.81%)and API(76.41%)had high percentage protein digestibility.Functional properties declined as meals materials were been resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.Swelling capacity revealed that resolved and unresolved samples leached biomolecules.Conclusion:The results obtained showed nutritional potential,and safety of biomaterials from Aduwa meals,an alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation.展开更多
The results of the present study indicate that glandless cottonseed meal (CSM) can be incorporated in extruded corn flour snacks at a 10% content level, which increases snack protein content to 12.8% and reduce fat co...The results of the present study indicate that glandless cottonseed meal (CSM) can be incorporated in extruded corn flour snacks at a 10% content level, which increases snack protein content to 12.8% and reduce fat content to 6.2%. To improve snacks’ nutritional quality, CSM and corn flour were extruded using a simple screw extruder. An expansion index (EI) ranging of 1.2 - 4.7 was obtained. Penetration force (PF) was 7 - 9 times harder than other extruded products. High extrusion temperature and high CSM concentrations decreased (p p p< 0.05) extrudates’ water solubility index. Extrusion conditions used showed a 68.5% starch gelatinization, and a starch availability of more than 97%, which explains the high expansion index obtained.展开更多
Pyropia yezoensis is one of the most economical seaweed species in China.Determining how to make full use of mature P.yezoensis and exploring new ways to increase the value of its resources are important subjects of r...Pyropia yezoensis is one of the most economical seaweed species in China.Determining how to make full use of mature P.yezoensis and exploring new ways to increase the value of its resources are important subjects of research for the development of the laver breeding industry.In this study,we provide a simple method to comprehensively extract the bioactive substances from P.yezoensis.The characteristics,functional properties,and antioxidant activities of two types of biopolymer extract from P.yezoensis were studied and analyzed relatively.Based on the characterization of water-soluble concentrate(WSC)and alkali-soluble concentrate(ASC),obtained via chemical analysis,including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FT-IR)and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer(TGA),and diff erential scanning calorimetry(DSC),they both had typical polysaccharide and protein characteristics and steady composition.ASC showed higher nitrogen solubility,water holding capacity,and foaming ability.ASC could not only be used as a protein supplement,but also performed well in improving the properties of foods in terms of water holding and fat-absorption.The emulsifying activity and oil-holding capacity of WSC were observed to be higher than those of ASC.Thus,WSC has the potential to be used as an emulsifi er.Surprisingly,WSC and ASC have radical scavenging capacity in vitro,which broadens the direction of their application.展开更多
Electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, band gaps, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) of 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers, two conjugated oligomcrs with different linkages of ...Electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, band gaps, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) of 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers, two conjugated oligomcrs with different linkages of carbazole, were studicd by the density functional theory with Becke-Lee-Young-Parr composite exchange correlation functional (B3LYP). The absorption spectra of these compounds were also investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) with 6-3 IG* basis set. The calculated results indicated that the HOMO and LUMO of the 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers are both slightly destabilized on going from methyl substitution to sec-butyl substitution. Both IP and EA exhibit their good hole-transporting but poor electronaccepting ability. The presence of alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms does not affect the intra-chain electronic delocalization along the molecular frame. Thus no significant effect on the band gap and absorption spectra of compounds has been found.展开更多
In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- ti...In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.展开更多
If a vector valued function space with a Hausdorff locally convex topology has a property such that every closed strongly bounded subset is compact, then we name this property Helly's property. In this paper, we...If a vector valued function space with a Hausdorff locally convex topology has a property such that every closed strongly bounded subset is compact, then we name this property Helly's property. In this paper, we show a class of vector valued function spaces with Helly's property and consider convergence of vector measures and best approximations in function spaces in this class.展开更多
There is pressure from consumers about exchanging synthetic for natural dyes in foods. This review aimed to expose the potential of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) as a source of natural dye, associated with its prope...There is pressure from consumers about exchanging synthetic for natural dyes in foods. This review aimed to expose the potential of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) as a source of natural dye, associated with its properties of functional food. Blueberry is a fruit plant natural from temperate climate, rich in phenolic compounds. The properties of phenolic compounds can be attributed to its ability to capture free radicals, deactivating or eliminating them from the body. Anthocyanins are flavonoid phenolic compounds responsible for color of fruits, flowers and vegetables. Blueberry is rich in anthocyanins, being its content more affected by genotype than by climatic or environmental factors. Brazil has the potential to assume an important position in the worldwide market of this fruit, both in natura and as byproducts, whose main destinations are populations from regions with higher income and educational level, as the North America and Europe. Due to the importance of blueberry as a source of natural pigments, as well as its high value while associated with functional food, it is important to improve extraction and stabilization processes of anthocyanins from blueberry fruits. Researches should focus on the technical viability and cost reduction in the extraction of this pigment. Pioneer studies with blueberry have been conducted in Brazil, but the intensification of researches will allow yield maximization, increased levels of anthocyanins in fruits, and compound stability after extraction. Another focus should be the use of these natural pigments in order to replace those currently used.展开更多
The leaf powders from two varieties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) cultivated in Yucatan, Mexico were analyzed for their proximate composition, dietary fiber composition and functional properties. The leaf powders wer...The leaf powders from two varieties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) cultivated in Yucatan, Mexico were analyzed for their proximate composition, dietary fiber composition and functional properties. The leaf powders were a good source of carbohydrates (64.06%-67.98%), protein (12.11%-15.05%), and crudefiber (5.92%-9.52%). Total dietary fiber content in the S. rebaudiana leaf powders were 28.61 (Morita II) and 29.12 (Criolla) g/100g sample, with most of this content represented by insoluble dietary fiber 87.79% (Morita II) and 70.02% (Criolla). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were higher in Criolla (19.29%, 17.77%, 8.98%) than Morita II variety (18.11%, 14.16%, 2.28%). Hemicellulose and cellulose were higher in Morita II (3.96%, 11.78%) than criolla variety (1.51%, 8.79%). Functional properties of leaf powder from Morita II and Criolla were, water-holding capacity (2.87-4.07 g/g sample), oil-holding capacity (6.49-6.79 g/g sample), water-absorption capacity (3.41-3.44 g/g sample), water-adsorption capacity (0.25-0.28 g/g sample), and organic molecule absorption capacity (1.13-1.81 g/g sample). These suggest that S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaf powders may be used as dietary supplement or as food additive.展开更多
Texture is inevitably introduced during the manufacturing of most NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs),and the textured nanocrystalline NiTi has been extensively employed in engineering.However,the effect of texture,and the...Texture is inevitably introduced during the manufacturing of most NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs),and the textured nanocrystalline NiTi has been extensively employed in engineering.However,the effect of texture,and the joint effect of grain size(GS)and texture on the functional properties of NiTi SMAs and the corresponding microscopic mechanisms have not been clearly understood yet.In this work,based on the phase field method,the effect of texture on the GS-dependent functional properties of NiTi SMAs,including super-elasticity(SE),one-way shape memory effect(OWSME),and stress-assisted two-way shape memory effect(SATWSME),is investigated,and the corresponding microscopic mechanisms are revealed.Moreover,the samples with discrete geometrical gradients and/or texture gradients are designed to achieve graded functional properties.The simulation results indicate that the dependence of functional properties on texture is due to the effect of crystallographic orientation on martensite transformation and reorientation,which can lead to different inelastic strains.In the designed samples with texture gradients,the stress–strain responses of sheets with various textures are different,allowing for the coordination of overall deformation of the sample by combining such sheets,with varying inelastic deformation degrees.Thus,the overall response of the sample differs from that without texture gradient,leading to the achievement of graded functional properties.The simulation results and new findings in this work contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of texture,GS,and their interaction on the functional properties of SMAs,and provide valuable reference for the design and development of SMA-based devices with desired functional properties.展开更多
文摘Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.
基金the financial support from the Postdoctoral Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (LBH-Q21156)Heilongjiang BaYi Agricultural University Support Program for San Zong San Heng (ZDZX202104)+3 种基金Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province (QC2015028)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072258)Major Science and technology Program of Heilongjiang (2019ZX08B02,2020ZX08B02)Central financial support for the development of local colleges and universities,Graduate research and innovation project of Harbin University of Commerce (YJSCX2020636HSD)。
文摘It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional properties of proteins at five different stages, including early milky stage(EMS), middle milky stage(MMS), late milky stage(LMS), waxy ripe stage(WS)and ripening stage(RS), during the seed development were investigated. It was found that with the seed developing, the molecular weight of fresh rice protein gradually become larger while the secondary structure changed from the highest content of disordered structure at MMS to the highest content of ordered structure at RS, which affect the surface hydrophobicity and then the functional properties of proteins, including foaming properties, emulsifying properties and oil holding capacity. Fresh rice protein at MMS has the strongest surface hydrophobicity while fresh edible rice protein at RS has the strongest oil holding capability. The results of our study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of fresh rice protein in the food industry and help to develop new fresh edible rice food.
基金The authors are thankful to Rice Research Centres of Anantnag and Kupwara,J&K for helping us in getting paddy.
文摘The present investigation was aimed to study functional properties,antioxidant activity and in-vitro digestibility characteristics of brown and polished flours obtained from four rice cultivars(SR-4,K-39,Mushq Budij and Zhag)of Kashmir.Brown rice flours had higher total dietary fibre(3.08%-3.68%),oil absorption(116.0%-139.0%),emulsion capacity(4.78%-9.52%),emulsion stability(87.46%-99.93%)and resistant starch content(6.80%-9.00%)than polished flours.However,polished flours presented greater water absorption(102.0%-122.0%),foaming capacity(8.00%-13.63%),apparent amylose(19.16%-22.62%),peak(2260.0-2408.0 cP),trough(1372.0-1589.0 cP)and breakdown(714.0-978.0 cP)viscosities than their brown counterparts.Brown rice flours depicted highest total phenolic content(4.40-6.40 mg GAE/g)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(19.50%-33.20%).However,equilibrium starch hydrolysis percentage(C∞)and predicted glycemic index of brown rice flours were lower than their polished counterparts.Among rice cultivars,brown Zhag flour had the highest total dietary fibre(3.68%),emulsion capacity(9.52%),emulsion stability(99.93%),resistant starch(9.00%),DPPH radical scavenging activity(85.45%)and inhibition of lipid peroxidation(33.20%),respectively.Emulsion capacity and emulsion stability were positively correlated with protein content of rice flours.However,peak,trough,breakdown and setback viscosities were negatively correlated with protein and fat contents of rice flour.The present investigation will be helpful in identifying nutritive role of rice flours from studied cultivars in human diet.
文摘One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among others.Hence,this study was aimed to evaluate nutrient,phytochemicals,functional properties,and glycemic index of Ogi produced from different grains.Grains such as yellow maize(YM),white maize(WM),popcorn maize(PC),red sorghum(RS),white sorghum(WS)and finger millet(FM)were processed into Ogi samples,packaged in airtight container prior to analysis and stored at–20℃.Proximate results showed that Ogi sample produced from PC significantly contained the highest protein content followed by sample YM.Potassium was observed to be the most abundant mineral elements in Ogi(14.50–19.10 mg/100 g).The phytochemical composition(mg/g)of the experimental samples ranged from 0.34–1.62,53.82–177.09,0.00–0.10,3.71–69.22 and 2.08–6.08 mg/g in oxalate,saponin,flavonoid,phytate and tannin,respectively.The glycemic index ranged 48.83%in YM to 50.71%in WS,while the glycemic load ranged 31.96%in YM to 37.82%in WS,respectively.The result revealed that Ogi samples,especially YM was high in calcium,Ca/P ratio,iron,zinc but low in phytate and tannin content.Sample YM also exhibit lower glycemic index,when compared with other Ogi samples.Hence,YM may be a better grain for the production of Ogi samples.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172311)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020213001)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515012413)the support from the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus)。
文摘This study aimed to analyze the effect of lipid peroxidation on the allergenicity and functional properties of soybeanβ-conglycinin(7 S)and glycinin(11 S).Oxidation complexes were determined using the lipid peroxidation method.Functional properties were analyzed based on emulsifying and foaming properties.The potential allergenicity was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods.The results found that oxidation altered structures of the proteins and resulted in the formation of cross-linked protein polymers.The emulsion and foaming properties of the proteins were improved after oxidation.The IgE-binding capacity of 7 S and11 S reduced after oxidation.KU812 cell assays showed that both histamine and IL-4 release decreased after oxidation treatment.A mouse model showed that oxidation reduced the IgE,IgG,and IgG1 levels,as well as reduced histamine and mMCP-1 release in serum,which might suppress the allergic reaction.In conclusion,the lipid peroxidation treatment likely causes changes to the functional properties of soybean,decreasing the potential allergenicity of 7 S and 11 S.
文摘Three pectin fractions(water-soluble fraction(WSF),chelator-soluble fraction(CSF),and sodium carbonatesoluble fraction(NSF))were obtained from Chinese dwarf cherry(Cerasus humilis)fruits.All of them were branched low methoxylated pectins with an amorphous or partially nanocrystalline nature and eight neutral monosaccharides(arabinose and galactose were most abundant).WSF,CSF and NSF had a degree of methylation(DM)of 35.82%,14.85%and 7.13%,uronic acid(UA)content of 76.02%,83.71%and 69.01%,and total protein content of 2.4%,2.1%and 8.8%,respectively.Their molecular weights were 340.31,330.16 and 141.31 kg/mol,respectively(analyzed by gel permeation chromatography(GPC)).WSF,CSF and NSF exhibited good rheological,thermal,emulsifying,emulsion-stabilizing,water-adsorbing,oil-binding,cholesterol-binding and antioxidant properties.NSF had the highest emulsifying,emulsion stabilizing,water-/oil-/cholesterol-binding and antioxidant capacities,followed by CSF.NSF had the highest viscosity(406.77 m Pa·s),flowability,and resistance to heat-induced changes/damage,which may be related to its lowest polydispersity index,DM and UA content and highest protein content.The three pectin fractions with desirable characteristics can be used as food additives/ingredients and dietary supplements.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.22002031)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No.LY18F010019)the Innovation Project in Hangzhou for Returned Scholar。
文摘The modulation of electrical properties of MoS_2 has attracted extensive research interest because of its potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,interfacial charge transfer induced electronic property tuning of MoS_2 are investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.A downward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the decreasing work function,which are induced by the electron transfer from Cs overlayers to MoS_2,is observed after the functionalization of MoS_2 with Cs,leading to n-type doping.Meanwhile,when MoS_2 is modified with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane(F_4-TCNQ),an upward band-bending of MoS_2-related electronic states along with the increasing work function is observed at the interfaces.This is attributed to the electron depletion within MoS_2 due to the strong electron withdrawing property of F_4-TCNQ,indicating p-type doping of MoS_2.Our findings reveal that surface transfer doping is an effective approach for electronic property tuning of MoS_2 and paves the way to optimize its performance in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
基金Supported by Tangshan Science Project (19150204E)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the drying methods,functional and structure properties of dietary fiber( DF) from peanut shells.[Methods]Peanut shells were used as a raw material to prepare peanut shell dietary fiber( DF) by hot air drying( HA) and vacuum freeze drying( VF),respectively,and their functional and structural characteristics were compared in detail. [Results]The solubility,water holding capacity,oil holding capacity and swelling capacity of HA-DF and VF-DF were 2. 15 %,7. 63 g/g,7. 73 g/g,10. 35 ml/g and 3. 85 %,14. 98 g/g,15. 25 g/g,15. 85 ml/g,respectively. The total phenol contents were 2. 623 and 5. 173 mg GAE/g,respectively. The IC(50) values of ·OH,O2^-· and DPPH free radicals were 4. 16 and 4. 09 mg/ml,7. 90 and 3. 32 mg/ml,and 3. 19 and 3. 09 mg/ml,respectively. The molecular weight of VF-DF was smaller,and it had narrow molecular weight distribution and denser particles. Electron microscopy showed that VF-DF had a porous network like honeycomb and swelled structure. [Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for the functional modification and comprehensive utilization of peanut shell dietary fiber.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11972257,11832014,11762016,11472193)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22120180223)。
文摘The contact problem for thermoelectric materials with functionally graded properties is considered.The material properties,such as the electric conductivity,the thermal conductivity,the shear modulus,and the thermal expansion coefficient,vary in an exponential function.Using the Fourier transform technique,the electro-thermoelastic problems are transformed into three sets of singular integral equations which are solved numerically in terms of the unknown normal electric current density,the normal energy flux,and the contact pressure.Meanwhile,the complex homogeneous solutions of the displacement fields caused by the gradient parameters are simplified with the help of Euler’s formula.After addressing the non-linearity excited by thermoelectric effects,the particular solutions of the displacement fields can be assessed.The effects of various combinations of material gradient parameters and thermoelectric loads on the contact behaviors of thermoelectric materials are presented.The results give a deep insight into the contact damage mechanism of functionally graded thermoelectric materials(FGTEMs).
文摘The purpose of this paper is to prove a Holder property about the fractal interpolation function L(x), ω(L,δ)=O(δ~α), and an approximate estimate |f-L|≤2{α(h)+||f||/1-h^(2-D)·h^(2-D)}, where D is a fractal dimension of L(x).
文摘The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X-ray diffractometer (XRD ). electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM ) and optical microscope were employed to investigate the crystalline phases. chemical composition and microstructure Experimental results demonstrate that the composition and microstructure of ZrO2-Ni FGM have the expected gradient distribution. There are no distinct interfaces in the FGM due to the gradient change of components. that is, the constituents are continuous in microstructure everywhere. Moreover, Vickers hardness and flexural strength were measured for the common composites as a function of composition. It is made clear that the mechanical properties of the FGM vary corresponding to the constitutional changes as well
文摘Background:Protein meals,Concentrate and Isolates are widely use as bioactive ingredients in functional food.In this study,the effect of toasting of Aduwa(Balanites aegyptiaca)seed on the phytochemicals,Anti nutrient,in vitro protein digestibility and functional properties of Aduwa Protein Meals,Protein Concentrate and Isolate were investigated.Methods:Aduwa seeds toasted at 70°C to make Aduwa protein meal(APM)yield extensive resolved biomaterials.The meal were resolved into DAPM,APC and API.Results:Phytochemicals analysis revealed reduction as APM sample is being resolved to protein concentrate and isolate.Similar trend was also observed in Anti-nutrients content significant reduction as material meal are resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.The in-vitro protein digestibility showed that APM(59.81%)and API(76.41%)had high percentage protein digestibility.Functional properties declined as meals materials were been resolved into protein concentrate and isolate.Swelling capacity revealed that resolved and unresolved samples leached biomolecules.Conclusion:The results obtained showed nutritional potential,and safety of biomaterials from Aduwa meals,an alternative food ingredient for protein supplementation.
文摘The results of the present study indicate that glandless cottonseed meal (CSM) can be incorporated in extruded corn flour snacks at a 10% content level, which increases snack protein content to 12.8% and reduce fat content to 6.2%. To improve snacks’ nutritional quality, CSM and corn flour were extruded using a simple screw extruder. An expansion index (EI) ranging of 1.2 - 4.7 was obtained. Penetration force (PF) was 7 - 9 times harder than other extruded products. High extrusion temperature and high CSM concentrations decreased (p p p< 0.05) extrudates’ water solubility index. Extrusion conditions used showed a 68.5% starch gelatinization, and a starch availability of more than 97%, which explains the high expansion index obtained.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0900705)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province(No.2017T3015)+1 种基金the Major Scientifi c&Engineering Projects of Innovation in Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY010818)the North Jiangsu Science and Technology Special Fund(No.SZYC2018012)。
文摘Pyropia yezoensis is one of the most economical seaweed species in China.Determining how to make full use of mature P.yezoensis and exploring new ways to increase the value of its resources are important subjects of research for the development of the laver breeding industry.In this study,we provide a simple method to comprehensively extract the bioactive substances from P.yezoensis.The characteristics,functional properties,and antioxidant activities of two types of biopolymer extract from P.yezoensis were studied and analyzed relatively.Based on the characterization of water-soluble concentrate(WSC)and alkali-soluble concentrate(ASC),obtained via chemical analysis,including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FT-IR)and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer(TGA),and diff erential scanning calorimetry(DSC),they both had typical polysaccharide and protein characteristics and steady composition.ASC showed higher nitrogen solubility,water holding capacity,and foaming ability.ASC could not only be used as a protein supplement,but also performed well in improving the properties of foods in terms of water holding and fat-absorption.The emulsifying activity and oil-holding capacity of WSC were observed to be higher than those of ASC.Thus,WSC has the potential to be used as an emulsifi er.Surprisingly,WSC and ASC have radical scavenging capacity in vitro,which broadens the direction of their application.
基金The project was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 05A002)the Prominent Mid-youth Science and Technology Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 04JJ1010)
文摘Electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, band gaps, ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) of 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers, two conjugated oligomcrs with different linkages of carbazole, were studicd by the density functional theory with Becke-Lee-Young-Parr composite exchange correlation functional (B3LYP). The absorption spectra of these compounds were also investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) with 6-3 IG* basis set. The calculated results indicated that the HOMO and LUMO of the 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers are both slightly destabilized on going from methyl substitution to sec-butyl substitution. Both IP and EA exhibit their good hole-transporting but poor electronaccepting ability. The presence of alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms does not affect the intra-chain electronic delocalization along the molecular frame. Thus no significant effect on the band gap and absorption spectra of compounds has been found.
文摘In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.
文摘If a vector valued function space with a Hausdorff locally convex topology has a property such that every closed strongly bounded subset is compact, then we name this property Helly's property. In this paper, we show a class of vector valued function spaces with Helly's property and consider convergence of vector measures and best approximations in function spaces in this class.
文摘There is pressure from consumers about exchanging synthetic for natural dyes in foods. This review aimed to expose the potential of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) as a source of natural dye, associated with its properties of functional food. Blueberry is a fruit plant natural from temperate climate, rich in phenolic compounds. The properties of phenolic compounds can be attributed to its ability to capture free radicals, deactivating or eliminating them from the body. Anthocyanins are flavonoid phenolic compounds responsible for color of fruits, flowers and vegetables. Blueberry is rich in anthocyanins, being its content more affected by genotype than by climatic or environmental factors. Brazil has the potential to assume an important position in the worldwide market of this fruit, both in natura and as byproducts, whose main destinations are populations from regions with higher income and educational level, as the North America and Europe. Due to the importance of blueberry as a source of natural pigments, as well as its high value while associated with functional food, it is important to improve extraction and stabilization processes of anthocyanins from blueberry fruits. Researches should focus on the technical viability and cost reduction in the extraction of this pigment. Pioneer studies with blueberry have been conducted in Brazil, but the intensification of researches will allow yield maximization, increased levels of anthocyanins in fruits, and compound stability after extraction. Another focus should be the use of these natural pigments in order to replace those currently used.
文摘The leaf powders from two varieties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) cultivated in Yucatan, Mexico were analyzed for their proximate composition, dietary fiber composition and functional properties. The leaf powders were a good source of carbohydrates (64.06%-67.98%), protein (12.11%-15.05%), and crudefiber (5.92%-9.52%). Total dietary fiber content in the S. rebaudiana leaf powders were 28.61 (Morita II) and 29.12 (Criolla) g/100g sample, with most of this content represented by insoluble dietary fiber 87.79% (Morita II) and 70.02% (Criolla). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were higher in Criolla (19.29%, 17.77%, 8.98%) than Morita II variety (18.11%, 14.16%, 2.28%). Hemicellulose and cellulose were higher in Morita II (3.96%, 11.78%) than criolla variety (1.51%, 8.79%). Functional properties of leaf powder from Morita II and Criolla were, water-holding capacity (2.87-4.07 g/g sample), oil-holding capacity (6.49-6.79 g/g sample), water-absorption capacity (3.41-3.44 g/g sample), water-adsorption capacity (0.25-0.28 g/g sample), and organic molecule absorption capacity (1.13-1.81 g/g sample). These suggest that S. rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaf powders may be used as dietary supplement or as food additive.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(12202294 and 12022208)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023SCU12098)are acknowledged.
文摘Texture is inevitably introduced during the manufacturing of most NiTi shape memory alloys(SMAs),and the textured nanocrystalline NiTi has been extensively employed in engineering.However,the effect of texture,and the joint effect of grain size(GS)and texture on the functional properties of NiTi SMAs and the corresponding microscopic mechanisms have not been clearly understood yet.In this work,based on the phase field method,the effect of texture on the GS-dependent functional properties of NiTi SMAs,including super-elasticity(SE),one-way shape memory effect(OWSME),and stress-assisted two-way shape memory effect(SATWSME),is investigated,and the corresponding microscopic mechanisms are revealed.Moreover,the samples with discrete geometrical gradients and/or texture gradients are designed to achieve graded functional properties.The simulation results indicate that the dependence of functional properties on texture is due to the effect of crystallographic orientation on martensite transformation and reorientation,which can lead to different inelastic strains.In the designed samples with texture gradients,the stress–strain responses of sheets with various textures are different,allowing for the coordination of overall deformation of the sample by combining such sheets,with varying inelastic deformation degrees.Thus,the overall response of the sample differs from that without texture gradient,leading to the achievement of graded functional properties.The simulation results and new findings in this work contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of texture,GS,and their interaction on the functional properties of SMAs,and provide valuable reference for the design and development of SMA-based devices with desired functional properties.