Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with ...Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.展开更多
Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such pept...Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.展开更多
It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional proper...It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional properties of proteins at five different stages, including early milky stage(EMS), middle milky stage(MMS), late milky stage(LMS), waxy ripe stage(WS)and ripening stage(RS), during the seed development were investigated. It was found that with the seed developing, the molecular weight of fresh rice protein gradually become larger while the secondary structure changed from the highest content of disordered structure at MMS to the highest content of ordered structure at RS, which affect the surface hydrophobicity and then the functional properties of proteins, including foaming properties, emulsifying properties and oil holding capacity. Fresh rice protein at MMS has the strongest surface hydrophobicity while fresh edible rice protein at RS has the strongest oil holding capability. The results of our study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of fresh rice protein in the food industry and help to develop new fresh edible rice food.展开更多
Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an ...Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides,which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids(AAs) to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant,antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2–20 AA residues in length but may consist of 〉20AA residues. Inclusion of some(e.g. 2–8%) animal-protein hydrolysates(e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa,salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates) or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn-and soybean mealbased diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves,post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health(particularly gut health) and well-being.展开更多
The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-si...The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-silico proteolysis.Cytotoxicity analysis using the online toxic prediction tool ToxinPred revealed that all the peptides were non-cytotoxic.The hexapeptide(SSGFID)exhibited high M^(pro)inhibitory activity in molecular docking and its IC_(50)value was 139.40±0.82μmol/L in vitro according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay(FRET).Quantitative real-time(qRT-)PCR results show that SSGFID could stimulate the expression of mitosis-related factors,including nuclear factor-κB,cyclin D1,and cyclin-dependent kinase 4,to promote the proliferation of mice splenocytes.Stability study revealed that SSGFID showed resistance against pepsin and trypsin but lost D(Asp)after pretreatment at121℃ for 15 min.Besides,SSGFID was mainly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer by the peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated transport during the transport study.Unfortunately,the peptide was also degraded by Caco-2 intracellular enzymes,and the transfer rate of intact peptide was4.2%.Furthermore,Lineweaver–Burk plots demonstrated that SSGFID possessed a mixed inhibitory characteristic with M^(pro).Our study indicated the potential of Ulva prolifera as antiviral and immuneenhancing functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.展开更多
In this study,Ulva prolifera protein was used for preparing angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE)-inhibitory peptide via virtual gastrointestinal digestion and in silico screening.Some parameters of the obtained peptid...In this study,Ulva prolifera protein was used for preparing angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE)-inhibitory peptide via virtual gastrointestinal digestion and in silico screening.Some parameters of the obtained peptide,such as inhibition kinetics,docking mechanism,stability,transport pathway,were explored by Lineweaver-Burk plots,molecular docking,in vitro stimulate gastrointestinal(GI)digestion and Caco-2 cells monolayer model,respectively.Then,a novel anti-ACE peptide LDF(IC_(50),(1.66±0.34)μmol/L)was screened and synthesized by chemical synthesis.It was a no-competitive inhibitor and its anti-ACE inhibitory effect mainly attributable to four Conventional Hydrogen Bonds and Zn701 interactions.It could keep activity during simulated GI digestion in vitro and was transported by peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated mode.Besides,it could activate Endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)activity to promote the production of NO and reduce Endothelin-1(ET-1)secretion induced by AngiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVECs).Meanwhile,it could promote mice splenocytes proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.Our study indicated that this peptide was a potential ingredient functioning on vasodilation and enhancing immunity.展开更多
Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals and form an extracellular matrix (ECM) with other components as the structural support of muscle, skin, corneas and blood vessels etc. Other than providing structura...Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals and form an extracellular matrix (ECM) with other components as the structural support of muscle, skin, corneas and blood vessels etc. Other than providing structural support, the ECM exhibits active communication with cells and influences many cellular processes including migration, wound healing, differentiation and cancer metastasis. Though collagen proteins contain highly repetitive primary sequences and defined tertiary structures, more and more studies have shown that many short peptides/motifs within collagen proteins play key roles in various biological processes. These short sequences are effective within triple helical structures or independently as stand-alone molecules resulting from proteolytic degradation. Besides endogenous ECM-derived peptides, many more functional peptides have been produced by tissue processing, chemical synthesis, and recombinant protein production. In this review, we summarize different peptides/motifs identified in collagen and other ECM proteins and discuss their potential for medical, personal care, and cosmetics applications.展开更多
The regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is very limited and few effective treatments are currently available for spinal cord injury.It is therefore a priority to develop new drugs that can promote stru...The regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is very limited and few effective treatments are currently available for spinal cord injury.It is therefore a priority to develop new drugs that can promote structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that peptides can promote substantial repair and regeneration of injured tissue.While amphibians have a pronounced ability to regenerate the spinal cord,few studies have investigated the effect of amphibian spinal cord-derived peptides on spinal cord injury.Here we report for the first time the successful identification and isolation of a new polypeptide,VD11(amino acid sequence:VDELWPPWLPC),from the spinal cord of an endemic Chinese amphibian(Odorrana schmackeri).In vitro experiments showed that VD11 promoted the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in BV2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide,as well as the proliferation and synaptic elongation of PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia.In vivo experiments showed that intravertebral injection of VD11 markedly promoted recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury,alleviated pathological damage,and promoted axonal regeneration.Furthermore,RNA sequencing and western blotting showed that VD11 may affect spinal cord injury through activation of the AMPK and AKT signaling pathways.In summary,we discovered a novel amphibian-derived peptide that promotes structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers....This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.展开更多
Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides minin...Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the value of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and homocysteine(Hcy)levels in predicting cardiovascular events(CV)in patients wit...Objective:To investigate the value of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and homocysteine(Hcy)levels in predicting cardiovascular events(CV)in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 63 patients with CHF admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and July 2021 were selected.Their NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels were detected at discharge,and a 12-month follow-up was done after their discharge to collect clinical data.The collected data were inclusive of data from 21 CHF patients with cardiovascular disease and 42 CHF patients without cardiovascular disease.The effect of NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels on the occurrence of CV was analyzed.Results:The levels of NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy in the group with cardiovascular disease were significantly higher than those in the group without cardiovascular disease(P<0.05);the levels of serum NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy at discharge had certain value in predicting short-term CV in CHF patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels can be used to predict CV in CHF patients,thus having clinical application value.展开更多
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves t...The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).展开更多
Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on...Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms by which the formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2)mediates both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in an agonist-dependent manner.METHODS Cells expressing FPR2 were incubated w...OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms by which the formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2)mediates both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in an agonist-dependent manner.METHODS Cells expressing FPR2 were incubated with weak agonists,Aβ42 and Ac2-26,before stimulation with a strong agonist,WKYMVm.Calcium mobilization,c AMP inhibition and MAP kinase activation were measured.Intramolecular FRET were determined using FPR2 constructs with an ECFP attached to the C-terminus and a Fl As H binding motif embedded in the first or third intracellular loop(IL1 or IL3,respectively).RESULTS Aβ42 did not induce significant Ca^(2+) mobilization,but positively modulated WKYMVm-induced Ca^(2+) mobilization and c AMP reduction in a dose-variable manner within a narrow range of ligand concentrations.Treating FPR2-expressing cells with Ac2-26,a peptide with anti-inflammatory activity,negatively modulated WKYMVm-induced Ca^(2+) mobilization and c AMP reduction.Intramolecular FRET assay showed that stimulation of the receptor constructs with Aβ42 brought the C-terminal domain closer to IL1 but away from IL3.An opposite conformational change was induced by Ac2-26.The FPR2 conformation induced by Aβ42 corresponded to enhanced ERK phosphorylation and attenuated p38 MAPK phosphorylation,whereas Ac2-26 induced FPR2 conformational change corresponding to elevated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reduced ERK phosphorylation.CONCLUSION Aβ42 and Ac2-26 induce different conformational changes in FPR2.These findings provide a structural basis for FPR2 mediation of inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory functions and identify a type of receptor modulation that differs from the classic positive and negative allosteric modulation.展开更多
In this study, the Alaska pollock protein isolate(APPI) was hydrolyzed by Neutrase for 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 min. Hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced and they were named as H1–H7....In this study, the Alaska pollock protein isolate(APPI) was hydrolyzed by Neutrase for 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 min. Hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced and they were named as H1–H7. Furthermore, the effects of hydrolysis on the average molecular weights, functional properties(solubility, oil-holding capacities, foaming activities, and emulsifying properties), and antioxidant activities(1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities) were determined. It was found that when the degree of hydrolysis(DH) increased, the average molecular weights of the hydrolysates decreased significantly. The functional properties of APPI were also significantly improved. The hydrolysates of APPI exhibited better solubility, emulsifying activities, and foaming activities. Hydrolysates with low molecular weights(<1 kDa) had better solubility, oil-holding capacities, and emulsifying activities, while hydrolysates with higher molecular weights(>1 kDa) had better foaming activities. In addition, the hydrolysates exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, while the inhibition values of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl(DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities, were 85.22%, 53.56%, and 75.00% respectively, when the concentration of the hydrolysates was 5.0 mg mL^(-1). The lower the average molecular weight was, the higher was the antioxidant activity. These results indicated that hydrolysis with Neutrase is an effective method for improving the functional and antioxidant properties of APPI. The hydrolysates of APPI displayed great potentials to be used as natural antioxidants in protein-rich aqueous foods such as nutrient supplements and sports beverages.展开更多
Computer based software such as the SignalP v3.0, TargetP v1.01, big-PI predictor and TMHMM v2.0 were combined to predict the signal peptides, and the signal peptide-dependent secreted proteins among the 6 700 ORFs in...Computer based software such as the SignalP v3.0, TargetP v1.01, big-PI predictor and TMHMM v2.0 were combined to predict the signal peptides, and the signal peptide-dependent secreted proteins among the 6 700 ORFs in genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that 163 proteins were the secreted ones containing signal peptides, and they were secreted via Sec pathway. Among the 163 predicted secreted proteins, the signal peptides of 47 secreted proteins included only the H-domain and C-domain, without N-domain, but the signal peptides of other 116 secreted proteins included all the three domains. There were differences in the constitution of signal peptides between the secreted proteins of S. cerevisiae and of Candida albicans, but the length and amino acids types of their signal peptides were similar in general. Few of the same signal peptides occurred in the secreted proteins of S. cerevisiae genome, and the homology could be compared among the secreted proteins with the same signal peptides. The BLAST 2 SEQUENECES and CLUSTAL W were used to align the two protein sequences and multi-protein sequences, respectively. The alignment result indicated that homology of these sequences with the same signal peptide was very highly conservative in amino acid of complete gene. The effect of the signal peptides in S. cerevisia on expression of foreign eukaryotic secreted proteins is discussed in this paper.展开更多
Investigating the biological function of proteins is a key aspect of protein studies. Bioinformatic methods become important for studying the biological function of proteins. In this paper, we first give the chaos gam...Investigating the biological function of proteins is a key aspect of protein studies. Bioinformatic methods become important for studying the biological function of proteins. In this paper, we first give the chaos game representation (CGR) of randomly-linked functional protein sequences, then propose the use of the recurrent iterated function systems (RIFS) in fractal theory to simulate the measure based on their chaos game representations. This method helps to extract some features of functional protein sequences, and furthermore the biological functions of these proteins. Then multifractal analysis of the measures based on the CGRs of randomly-linked functional protein sequences are performed. We find that the CGRs have clear fractal patterns. The numerical results show that the RIFS can simulate the measure based on the CGR very well. The relative standard error and the estimated probability matrix in the RIFS do not depend on the order to link the functional protein sequences. The estimated probability matrices in the RIFS with different biological functions are evidently different. Hence the estimated probability matrices in the RIFS can be used to characterise the difference among linked functional protein sequences with different biological functions. From the values of the Dq curves, one sees that these functional protein sequences are not completely random. The Dq of all linked functional proteins studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the Cq (analogous to specific heat) curves to be meaningful. Furthermore, the Dq curves of the measure μ based on their CCRs for different orders to link the functional protein sequences are almost identical if q 〉 0. Finally, the Ca curves of all linked functional proteins resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point.展开更多
Both intracellular sigma peptide(ISP) and phosphatase and tensin homolog agonist protein(PAP4) promote nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, the role of these two small pe...Both intracellular sigma peptide(ISP) and phosphatase and tensin homolog agonist protein(PAP4) promote nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, the role of these two small peptides in peripheral nerve injury remains unclear. A rat model of brachial plexus injury was established by crush of the C6 ventral root. The rats were then treated with subcutaneous injection of PAP4(497 μg/d, twice per day) or ISP(11 μg/d, once per day) near the injury site for 21 successive days. After ISP and PAP treatment, the survival of motoneurons was increased, the number of regenerated axons and neuromuscular junctions was increased, muscle atrophy was reduced, the electrical response of the motor units was enhanced and the motor function of the injured upper limbs was greatly improved in rats with brachial plexus injury. These findings suggest that ISP and PAP4 promote the recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury in rats. The animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University of China(approval No. 20111008001) in 2011.展开更多
Compound probiotics were used to ferment compound wheat embryo Chinesemedicine(CWECM)at 37°C for a given period,and the fermentation end pointwas determined based on pHvalue.The full spectrumof the proteinswithin...Compound probiotics were used to ferment compound wheat embryo Chinesemedicine(CWECM)at 37°C for a given period,and the fermentation end pointwas determined based on pHvalue.The full spectrumof the proteinswithin the fermentation supernatant was determined by ion mass spectrometry,and then the fermentation was analyzed by proteomics.The difference of functional protein ofCWECMwas analyzed before and after fermentation.Additionally,the changes in flavor of peptides were examined.Our results indicated that when the fermentationwas performed for 96 h,the pH value became stable over time,which it shifted froman initial 3.98±0.04 to a stable 2.78±0.04.Proteomicbased analysis of the fermentation supernatant indicated that the fermentation of the probiotics increased.The amount of functional proteome and protein within the supernatant increased from 60 proteomes and 136 proteins before fermentation to 70 proteomes and 149 proteins post fermentation.These proteins were primarily members of the Ubiquitin and Histone families.These families contain more specific peptides after fermentation,and the coverage was reduced.Analysis of the unique P0C512 protein after fermentation indicated that this protein is an unstable,3Deffect columnar protein.We also found that probiotic fermentation can reduce the proportion of bitter peptideswithin fermentation broth from 47.49%to 36.98%,and the proportion of sweet peptides increased after fermentation from 35.29%to 51.01%.Based on testing,we concluded that fermentation of CWECM by compound probiotics can reduce the pH of the CWECM solution,increase the number of functional proteomes and proteins,improve the taste of CWECM solutions,and improve the therapeutic efficacy of CWECM.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD2100402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903275)the Fund of the Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University (BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.
基金supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (202002AA100005 and 202102AE090027-2)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team (A3032023057)+2 种基金the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs (2019ZG009)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents project (YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Agricultural Joint Special Project (202101BD070001-120)。
文摘Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.
基金the financial support from the Postdoctoral Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security (LBH-Q21156)Heilongjiang BaYi Agricultural University Support Program for San Zong San Heng (ZDZX202104)+3 种基金Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province (QC2015028)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072258)Major Science and technology Program of Heilongjiang (2019ZX08B02,2020ZX08B02)Central financial support for the development of local colleges and universities,Graduate research and innovation project of Harbin University of Commerce (YJSCX2020636HSD)。
文摘It has been reported that fresh edible rice has more bioactive compounds and its protein is easier to digest and has lower hypoallergenic than mature rice. In this paper, the changes in structure and functional properties of proteins at five different stages, including early milky stage(EMS), middle milky stage(MMS), late milky stage(LMS), waxy ripe stage(WS)and ripening stage(RS), during the seed development were investigated. It was found that with the seed developing, the molecular weight of fresh rice protein gradually become larger while the secondary structure changed from the highest content of disordered structure at MMS to the highest content of ordered structure at RS, which affect the surface hydrophobicity and then the functional properties of proteins, including foaming properties, emulsifying properties and oil holding capacity. Fresh rice protein at MMS has the strongest surface hydrophobicity while fresh edible rice protein at RS has the strongest oil holding capability. The results of our study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of fresh rice protein in the food industry and help to develop new fresh edible rice food.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572416,31372319,31330075 and 31110103909)Hubei Provincial Key Project for Scientific and Technical Innovation(2014ABA022)+2 种基金Hubei Hundred Talent program,Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFA097)Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants(2014-67015-21770 and 2015-67015-23276)from the USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureTexas A&M Agri Life Research(H-8200)
文摘Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the role of peptides in animal nutrition. Chemical, enzymatic, or microbial hydrolysis of proteins in animal by-products or plant-source feedstuffs before feeding is an attractive means of generating high-quality small or large peptides that have both nutritional and physiological or regulatory functions in livestock, poultry and fish. These peptides may also be formed from ingested proteins in the gastrointestinal tract, but the types of resultant peptides can vary greatly with the physiological conditions of the animals and the composition of the diets. In the small intestine, large peptides are hydrolyzed to small peptides,which are absorbed into enterocytes faster than free amino acids(AAs) to provide a more balanced pattern of AAs in the blood circulation. Some peptides of plant or animal sources also have antimicrobial, antioxidant,antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory activities. Those peptides which confer biological functions beyond their nutritional value are called bioactive peptides. They are usually 2–20 AA residues in length but may consist of 〉20AA residues. Inclusion of some(e.g. 2–8%) animal-protein hydrolysates(e.g., porcine intestine, porcine mucosa,salmon viscera, or poultry tissue hydrolysates) or soybean protein hydrolysates in practical corn-and soybean mealbased diets can ensure desirable rates of growth performance and feed efficiency in weanling pigs, young calves,post-hatching poultry, and fish. Thus, protein hydrolysates hold promise in optimizing the nutrition of domestic and companion animals, as well as their health(particularly gut health) and well-being.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC1402102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41976109)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-silico proteolysis.Cytotoxicity analysis using the online toxic prediction tool ToxinPred revealed that all the peptides were non-cytotoxic.The hexapeptide(SSGFID)exhibited high M^(pro)inhibitory activity in molecular docking and its IC_(50)value was 139.40±0.82μmol/L in vitro according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay(FRET).Quantitative real-time(qRT-)PCR results show that SSGFID could stimulate the expression of mitosis-related factors,including nuclear factor-κB,cyclin D1,and cyclin-dependent kinase 4,to promote the proliferation of mice splenocytes.Stability study revealed that SSGFID showed resistance against pepsin and trypsin but lost D(Asp)after pretreatment at121℃ for 15 min.Besides,SSGFID was mainly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer by the peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated transport during the transport study.Unfortunately,the peptide was also degraded by Caco-2 intracellular enzymes,and the transfer rate of intact peptide was4.2%.Furthermore,Lineweaver–Burk plots demonstrated that SSGFID possessed a mixed inhibitory characteristic with M^(pro).Our study indicated the potential of Ulva prolifera as antiviral and immuneenhancing functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
文摘In this study,Ulva prolifera protein was used for preparing angiotensin-I converting enzyme(ACE)-inhibitory peptide via virtual gastrointestinal digestion and in silico screening.Some parameters of the obtained peptide,such as inhibition kinetics,docking mechanism,stability,transport pathway,were explored by Lineweaver-Burk plots,molecular docking,in vitro stimulate gastrointestinal(GI)digestion and Caco-2 cells monolayer model,respectively.Then,a novel anti-ACE peptide LDF(IC_(50),(1.66±0.34)μmol/L)was screened and synthesized by chemical synthesis.It was a no-competitive inhibitor and its anti-ACE inhibitory effect mainly attributable to four Conventional Hydrogen Bonds and Zn701 interactions.It could keep activity during simulated GI digestion in vitro and was transported by peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated mode.Besides,it could activate Endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)activity to promote the production of NO and reduce Endothelin-1(ET-1)secretion induced by AngiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells(HUVECs).Meanwhile,it could promote mice splenocytes proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.Our study indicated that this peptide was a potential ingredient functioning on vasodilation and enhancing immunity.
文摘Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals and form an extracellular matrix (ECM) with other components as the structural support of muscle, skin, corneas and blood vessels etc. Other than providing structural support, the ECM exhibits active communication with cells and influences many cellular processes including migration, wound healing, differentiation and cancer metastasis. Though collagen proteins contain highly repetitive primary sequences and defined tertiary structures, more and more studies have shown that many short peptides/motifs within collagen proteins play key roles in various biological processes. These short sequences are effective within triple helical structures or independently as stand-alone molecules resulting from proteolytic degradation. Besides endogenous ECM-derived peptides, many more functional peptides have been produced by tissue processing, chemical synthesis, and recombinant protein production. In this review, we summarize different peptides/motifs identified in collagen and other ECM proteins and discuss their potential for medical, personal care, and cosmetics applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32060212(to YW),81760648(to XWY),81560118(to BYZ)Project of Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project-Kunming Medical University Union Foundation,Nos.202101AY070001-006(to XWY)and 2018FE001(-161)(to JS)+2 种基金Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project Foundation,No.2019FB128(to YW)Project of Yunnan Province Clinical Research Centerfor Chronic Kidney Disease,No.202102AA10060(to BYZ)a grant from Scientific Research Foundation of Department of Education of Yunnan Province,No.2021J0205(to SSL)。
文摘The regenerative capacity of the central nervous system is very limited and few effective treatments are currently available for spinal cord injury.It is therefore a priority to develop new drugs that can promote structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that peptides can promote substantial repair and regeneration of injured tissue.While amphibians have a pronounced ability to regenerate the spinal cord,few studies have investigated the effect of amphibian spinal cord-derived peptides on spinal cord injury.Here we report for the first time the successful identification and isolation of a new polypeptide,VD11(amino acid sequence:VDELWPPWLPC),from the spinal cord of an endemic Chinese amphibian(Odorrana schmackeri).In vitro experiments showed that VD11 promoted the secretion of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in BV2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide,as well as the proliferation and synaptic elongation of PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia.In vivo experiments showed that intravertebral injection of VD11 markedly promoted recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury,alleviated pathological damage,and promoted axonal regeneration.Furthermore,RNA sequencing and western blotting showed that VD11 may affect spinal cord injury through activation of the AMPK and AKT signaling pathways.In summary,we discovered a novel amphibian-derived peptide that promotes structural and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501977)the Sichuan Provincial Key R&D Project China(22ZDYF0194)the Double World-Class Project of Southwest Minzu University China(XM2023010)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the dose-effect of iron on growth performance,antioxidant function.intestinal morphology,and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein in 1-to21-d-old yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 7201-d-old yellow-feathered maleb roilers were allocated to 9 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 10 birds per cage.The dietary treatments were consisted of a basal diet(contained 79.6 mg Fe kg^(-1))supplemented with 0,20,40,60,80,160,320,640,and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)in the form of FeSO_(4)·7H_(2)O.Compared with the birds in the control group,birds supplemented with 20mg Fe kg^(-1)had higher average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.0001).Adding 640 and 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)significantly decreased ADG(P<0.0001)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P<0.0001)compared with supplementation of 20mg Fe kg^(-1).Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration in plasma and duodenum increased linearly(P<0.0001),but MDA concentration in liver and jejunum increased linearly(P<0.05)or quadratically(P<0.05)with increased dietary Fe concentration.The villus height(VH)in duodenum and jejunum,and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(V/C)in duodenum decreased linearly(P?0.05)as dietary Feincreased.As dietary Fe increased,the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of claudin-1 decreased linearly(P=0.001),but the jejunal relative mRNA abundance of zona occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin decreased linearly(P?0.05)or quadratically(P?0.05).Compared with the supplementation of 20 mg Fe kg^(-1),the supplementation of640 mg Fe kg^(-1)or higher increased(P?0.05)MDA concentrations in plasma,duodenum,and jejunum,decreased VH in the duodenum and jejunum,and the addition of 1,280 mg Fe kg^(-1)reduced(P?0.05)the jejunal tight junction protein(claudin-1,ZO-1,occludin)mRNA abundance.In summary,640 mg of supplemental Fe kg^(-1)or greater was associated with decreased growth performance,increased oxidative stress,disrupted intestinal morphology,and reduced mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein.
基金funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)。
文摘Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.
基金supported by the Project of Baoding Science and Technology Bureau(Project number:2241ZF343).
文摘Objective:To investigate the value of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and homocysteine(Hcy)levels in predicting cardiovascular events(CV)in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:A total of 63 patients with CHF admitted to our hospital between June 2019 and July 2021 were selected.Their NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels were detected at discharge,and a 12-month follow-up was done after their discharge to collect clinical data.The collected data were inclusive of data from 21 CHF patients with cardiovascular disease and 42 CHF patients without cardiovascular disease.The effect of NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels on the occurrence of CV was analyzed.Results:The levels of NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy in the group with cardiovascular disease were significantly higher than those in the group without cardiovascular disease(P<0.05);the levels of serum NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy at discharge had certain value in predicting short-term CV in CHF patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:NT-proBNP,hs-CRP,and Hcy levels can be used to predict CV in CHF patients,thus having clinical application value.
基金in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.30560042,81160161,81360198,and 82160255Education Department of Jiangxi Province,Nos.GJJ13198 and GJJ170021+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.20192BAB205043Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20181019 and 202210002(all to RX)。
文摘The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270420,32072220)National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFD1001405)+2 种基金Shanxi Province Science Foundation(202103021224011)Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional PlantsShanxi Province“136”Revitalization Medical Project Construction Funds。
文摘Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a chronic disease associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota homeostasis.Metabolites derived from gut microbes play essential roles in Met S prevention and therapy.Here,we focused on the inhibitory effect of the extract of millet bran protein(EMBP)on a high-fat diet(HFD)-induced Met S,aiming to identify gut microbiota and their metabolites that involve in the anti-Met S activity of EMBP.The obesity,chronic inflammation,insulin resistance in Met S mouse models were abolished after EMBP treatment.The protective mechanism of EMBP against HFD-induced Met S may depend on improved gut barrier function.Using microbiome analysis,we found that EMBP supplementation improved gut microbiome dysbiosis in Met S mice,specifically upregulating Bacteroides acidifaciens.The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)also demonstrated this phenomenon.In addition,metabolomic analysis showed that EMBP mediates metabolic profiling reprogramming in Met S mice.Notably,a microbiota-derived metabolite,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),is enriched by EMBP.In addition,exogenous GABA treatment produced a similar protective effect to EMBP by improving NRF2-dependent gut barrier function to protect HFDinduced Met S.The results suggest that EMBP suppress host Met S by remodeling of gut microbiota as an effective candidate for next-generation medicine food dual purpose dietary supplement to intervene in MetS.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470856 to RDY)the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(FDCT 072/2015/A2)the University of Macao(SRG2015-00047-ICMS-QRCM)
文摘OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms by which the formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2)mediates both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling in an agonist-dependent manner.METHODS Cells expressing FPR2 were incubated with weak agonists,Aβ42 and Ac2-26,before stimulation with a strong agonist,WKYMVm.Calcium mobilization,c AMP inhibition and MAP kinase activation were measured.Intramolecular FRET were determined using FPR2 constructs with an ECFP attached to the C-terminus and a Fl As H binding motif embedded in the first or third intracellular loop(IL1 or IL3,respectively).RESULTS Aβ42 did not induce significant Ca^(2+) mobilization,but positively modulated WKYMVm-induced Ca^(2+) mobilization and c AMP reduction in a dose-variable manner within a narrow range of ligand concentrations.Treating FPR2-expressing cells with Ac2-26,a peptide with anti-inflammatory activity,negatively modulated WKYMVm-induced Ca^(2+) mobilization and c AMP reduction.Intramolecular FRET assay showed that stimulation of the receptor constructs with Aβ42 brought the C-terminal domain closer to IL1 but away from IL3.An opposite conformational change was induced by Ac2-26.The FPR2 conformation induced by Aβ42 corresponded to enhanced ERK phosphorylation and attenuated p38 MAPK phosphorylation,whereas Ac2-26 induced FPR2 conformational change corresponding to elevated p38 MAPK phosphorylation and reduced ERK phosphorylation.CONCLUSION Aβ42 and Ac2-26 induce different conformational changes in FPR2.These findings provide a structural basis for FPR2 mediation of inflammatory vs anti-inflammatory functions and identify a type of receptor modulation that differs from the classic positive and negative allosteric modulation.
基金supported by grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation to Dr.Chuyi Liu(No.2016M592251)
文摘In this study, the Alaska pollock protein isolate(APPI) was hydrolyzed by Neutrase for 20, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 min. Hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced and they were named as H1–H7. Furthermore, the effects of hydrolysis on the average molecular weights, functional properties(solubility, oil-holding capacities, foaming activities, and emulsifying properties), and antioxidant activities(1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities) were determined. It was found that when the degree of hydrolysis(DH) increased, the average molecular weights of the hydrolysates decreased significantly. The functional properties of APPI were also significantly improved. The hydrolysates of APPI exhibited better solubility, emulsifying activities, and foaming activities. Hydrolysates with low molecular weights(<1 kDa) had better solubility, oil-holding capacities, and emulsifying activities, while hydrolysates with higher molecular weights(>1 kDa) had better foaming activities. In addition, the hydrolysates exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, while the inhibition values of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl(DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl free radical-scavenging activities, were 85.22%, 53.56%, and 75.00% respectively, when the concentration of the hydrolysates was 5.0 mg mL^(-1). The lower the average molecular weight was, the higher was the antioxidant activity. These results indicated that hydrolysis with Neutrase is an effective method for improving the functional and antioxidant properties of APPI. The hydrolysates of APPI displayed great potentials to be used as natural antioxidants in protein-rich aqueous foods such as nutrient supplements and sports beverages.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30360061)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province of China (1999C0008Z) National 863 Program of China (2003AA211020).
文摘Computer based software such as the SignalP v3.0, TargetP v1.01, big-PI predictor and TMHMM v2.0 were combined to predict the signal peptides, and the signal peptide-dependent secreted proteins among the 6 700 ORFs in genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results showed that 163 proteins were the secreted ones containing signal peptides, and they were secreted via Sec pathway. Among the 163 predicted secreted proteins, the signal peptides of 47 secreted proteins included only the H-domain and C-domain, without N-domain, but the signal peptides of other 116 secreted proteins included all the three domains. There were differences in the constitution of signal peptides between the secreted proteins of S. cerevisiae and of Candida albicans, but the length and amino acids types of their signal peptides were similar in general. Few of the same signal peptides occurred in the secreted proteins of S. cerevisiae genome, and the homology could be compared among the secreted proteins with the same signal peptides. The BLAST 2 SEQUENECES and CLUSTAL W were used to align the two protein sequences and multi-protein sequences, respectively. The alignment result indicated that homology of these sequences with the same signal peptide was very highly conservative in amino acid of complete gene. The effect of the signal peptides in S. cerevisia on expression of foreign eukaryotic secreted proteins is discussed in this paper.
基金Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30570426)the Chinese Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No.NCET-08-06867)+1 种基金Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (Grant No.101004)Australian Research Council (Grant No.DP0559807)
文摘Investigating the biological function of proteins is a key aspect of protein studies. Bioinformatic methods become important for studying the biological function of proteins. In this paper, we first give the chaos game representation (CGR) of randomly-linked functional protein sequences, then propose the use of the recurrent iterated function systems (RIFS) in fractal theory to simulate the measure based on their chaos game representations. This method helps to extract some features of functional protein sequences, and furthermore the biological functions of these proteins. Then multifractal analysis of the measures based on the CGRs of randomly-linked functional protein sequences are performed. We find that the CGRs have clear fractal patterns. The numerical results show that the RIFS can simulate the measure based on the CGR very well. The relative standard error and the estimated probability matrix in the RIFS do not depend on the order to link the functional protein sequences. The estimated probability matrices in the RIFS with different biological functions are evidently different. Hence the estimated probability matrices in the RIFS can be used to characterise the difference among linked functional protein sequences with different biological functions. From the values of the Dq curves, one sees that these functional protein sequences are not completely random. The Dq of all linked functional proteins studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the Cq (analogous to specific heat) curves to be meaningful. Furthermore, the Dq curves of the measure μ based on their CCRs for different orders to link the functional protein sequences are almost identical if q 〉 0. Finally, the Ca curves of all linked functional proteins resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81971165the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program),No. 2014CB542205 (both to WW)。
文摘Both intracellular sigma peptide(ISP) and phosphatase and tensin homolog agonist protein(PAP4) promote nerve regeneration and motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, the role of these two small peptides in peripheral nerve injury remains unclear. A rat model of brachial plexus injury was established by crush of the C6 ventral root. The rats were then treated with subcutaneous injection of PAP4(497 μg/d, twice per day) or ISP(11 μg/d, once per day) near the injury site for 21 successive days. After ISP and PAP treatment, the survival of motoneurons was increased, the number of regenerated axons and neuromuscular junctions was increased, muscle atrophy was reduced, the electrical response of the motor units was enhanced and the motor function of the injured upper limbs was greatly improved in rats with brachial plexus injury. These findings suggest that ISP and PAP4 promote the recovery of motor function after peripheral nerve injury in rats. The animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University of China(approval No. 20111008001) in 2011.
基金supported by Centaline Thousand Talents Program Centaline Scholars Funding Program (No. 192101510004)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 182300410056)Green Manufacturing 2025 (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology [2018] No. 272-3)
文摘Compound probiotics were used to ferment compound wheat embryo Chinesemedicine(CWECM)at 37°C for a given period,and the fermentation end pointwas determined based on pHvalue.The full spectrumof the proteinswithin the fermentation supernatant was determined by ion mass spectrometry,and then the fermentation was analyzed by proteomics.The difference of functional protein ofCWECMwas analyzed before and after fermentation.Additionally,the changes in flavor of peptides were examined.Our results indicated that when the fermentationwas performed for 96 h,the pH value became stable over time,which it shifted froman initial 3.98±0.04 to a stable 2.78±0.04.Proteomicbased analysis of the fermentation supernatant indicated that the fermentation of the probiotics increased.The amount of functional proteome and protein within the supernatant increased from 60 proteomes and 136 proteins before fermentation to 70 proteomes and 149 proteins post fermentation.These proteins were primarily members of the Ubiquitin and Histone families.These families contain more specific peptides after fermentation,and the coverage was reduced.Analysis of the unique P0C512 protein after fermentation indicated that this protein is an unstable,3Deffect columnar protein.We also found that probiotic fermentation can reduce the proportion of bitter peptideswithin fermentation broth from 47.49%to 36.98%,and the proportion of sweet peptides increased after fermentation from 35.29%to 51.01%.Based on testing,we concluded that fermentation of CWECM by compound probiotics can reduce the pH of the CWECM solution,increase the number of functional proteomes and proteins,improve the taste of CWECM solutions,and improve the therapeutic efficacy of CWECM.