On Invertibility of Functional Operators with Shift in Weighted Holder Spaces

In this paper, we consider functional operators with shift in weighted H?lder spaces. We present the main idea and the scheme of proof of the conditions of invertibility for these operators. As an application, we propose to use these results for solution of equations with shift which arise in the study of cyclic models for natural systems with renewable resources.

Anti-Disturbance Control for Tethered Aircraft System With Deferred Output Constraints

In this paper,we investigate the peaking issue of extended state observers and the anti-disturbance control problem of tethered aircraft systems subject to the unstable flight of the main aircraft,airflow disturbances and deferred output constraints.Independent of exact initial values,a modified extended state observer is constructed from a shifting function such that not only the peaking issue inherently in the observer is circumvented completely but also the accurate estimation of the lumped disturbance is guaranteed.Meanwhile,to deal with deferred output constraints,an improved output constrained controller is employed by integrating the shifting function into the barrier Lyapunov function.Then,by combining the modified observer and the improved controller,an anti-disturbance control scheme is presented,which ensures that the outputs with any bounded initial conditions satisfy the constraints after a pre-specified finite time,and the tethered aircraft tracks the desired trajectory accurately.Finally,both a theoretical proof and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Clear aligner treatment for a four-year-old patient with anterior crossbite and facial asymmetry:A case report

BACKGROUND Clear aligners have been widely used to treat malocclusions from crowding,extraction cases to orthodontic-orthognathic cases,and practitioners are exploring the border of it.For the first time,clear aligners were used to early intervene anterior cross-bite and facial asymmetry.CASE SUMMARY This case report described a four-year-old child presented with anterior cross-bite and facial asymmetry associated with functional mandibular shift,who had undergone a failed treatment with conventional appliances.The total treatment time was 18 weeks,and a stable outcome was obtained.CONCLUSION The increasing need in early treatment highlights the need for clinicians to thoroughly investigate for the patient regarding clinical manifestation as well as patient compliance.We hope that our case will be contemplated by clinicians when seeking for treatment alternatives.

Relation between sound transfer function from diffuse sound field to the eardrum and temporary threshold shift

Twelve volunteers with normal hearing (9 males and 3 females) participated in this work The sound transfer functions (STFS) from diffuse sound field to the subject's eardrums were measured and correlated to the temporary threshold shift (TTS) due to fiffuse-exposure.A probe tube with a miniature microphone was used for STF measurements in which successive 1/3 oct bandwidth random noise with central frequency from 0.25 kKz to 8 kHz were used. The subjects were divided into two groups, with the STF maxima at 2 kHz and 4 kHz respectively Pre- and post- exposure sweep Bekesy audiograms were recorded and the temporary thresh old shift calctilated as the difference between the two. Frequency of the maximum TTS was correlated to that of the maximum STF. The average TTS was very small or zero at frequen cies below the band noise exposure , but was noticeable even at the highest measured frequency (8 kHz) for beyond the noise band. Also individual differences in STF were found at frequencies between 2 kHz and 4 kHz

Identification and characterization of microRNAs in the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a novel class of small, non-coding endogenous RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in many metabolic activities in eukaryotes. Reports of the identification of miRNAs in Sogatella furcifera （white-backed planthopper）, the insect that acts as the only confirmed vector of the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus （SRBSDV）, are limited. In this study, a total of 382 miRNAs were identified in S. furcifera, including 106 conserved and 276 novel miRNAs, using high-throughput sequencing based on two small RNA libraries from viruliferous and non-viruliferous S. furcifera, and these miRNAs belonged to 52 conserved miRNA families and 58 S. furcifera-specific families, respectively. Comparison with miRNAs from 26 insect species and five other species in miRBase showed that more than half of the conserved miRNA families are highly conserved in Hexapoda, while other miRNAs are only conserved in non- dipterans. Furthermore, 4 117 target genes predicted for the 382 identified miRNAs could be categorized into 45 functional groups annotated by Gene Ontology. Compared with non-viruliferous cells, eight up-regulated miRNAs and four down-regulated miRNAs were identified in cells inoculated with SRBSDV, among which miR-14 and miR-n98a may be involved in the immune response to SRBSDV infection. Analyses of the identified miRNAs will provide insights into the roles of these miRNAs in the regulation and expression of genes involved in the metabolism, development and viral infection of S. furciJbra.

Traversable wormhole solutions in the f(R)theories of gravity under the Karmarkar condition

This paper examines traversable wormhole models in the f(R) theories of gravity by applying the Karmarkar condition. For this purpose, we consider spherically symmetric space-time to examine the structure of wormholes. First, we investigate wormholes and their geometry using the redshift function under various conditions. Subsequently, we discuss the embedding diagram of the upper and lower universe using radial coordinates in two and three-dimensional Euclidean affine space. Three exclusive models are considered for the f(R) theories of gravity,and the radial and tangential pressures are observed. Furthermore, by taking a definite shape function, we observe the behavior of energy conditions. We determine that energy conditions are violated, and their violation is generic and represents the presence of exotic matter. According to Einstein’s field theory, the existence of wormholes is predicated on the occurrence of rare material. Hence, we conclude that our study is more realistic and stable.

Meromorphic Functions Sharing One Value with Their Derivatives Concerning the Difference Operator

Let f(z)beanon-constantmeromorphicfunctionoffiniteorder,c∈C\{0}andk∈N.Suppose f(z)and f(k)(z+c)share1CM(IM),f(z)and f(z+c)share∞CM.If N(r,0;f)=S(r,f)(N(r,0;f(z))+N(r,0;f(k)(z+c))=S(r,f)),then either f(z)≡f(k)(z+c)or f(z)is a solution of the following equation:f((z+c)−1=a(z)(f(z)−1))f(z)+1 a(z)),and N(r,0;f(z)+1 a(z))=S(r,f)(f′(z+c)−1=a(z)(f(z)−1)(f(z)+1 a(z)))where a(z)(≡−1,0,∞)(a(z)(≡0,∞))is a meromorphic function satisfying T(r,a)=S(r,f).Also we exhibit some examples to show that the conditions of our results are the best possible.

Modulation of the effective work function of TiN metal gate for PMOS application

It is important to find a way to modulate the work function of TiN metal gate towards the valence band edge of Si,which can meet the lower threshold voltage requirement of p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor（MOS） transistor.In this work,effects of TiN thickness,post-deposition annealing（PDA）,oxygen incorporation and N concentration variation on the work function of TiN metal gate in MOS structures are systematically investigated. It can be found that the work function positively shifts at the initial stage as the thickness of the TiN layer increases and stabilizes at such a thickness.PDA at N_2 ambience with a trace of O_2 can also cause a positive shift in the work function of TiN metal gate.The same tendency can be observed when oxygen is incorporated into TiN.Finally, increasing the N concentration in TiN can also positively shift the work function.All these measures are effective in modulating the TiN metal gate so that it is more suitable for PMOS application.