Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants(e.g., soybean), which are recalcitrant to genet...Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants(e.g., soybean), which are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Transient expression systems, such as Arabidopsis protoplast, Nicotiana leaves, and onion bulb leaves are widely used for gene functional studies. A simple method for obtaining transgenic soybean callus tissues was reported recently. We extend this system with simplified culture conditions to gene functional studies, including promoter analysis, expression and subcellular localization of the target protein, and protein-protein interaction. We also evaluate the plasticity of this system with soybean varieties, different vector constructs, and various Agrobacterium strains. The results indicated that the callus transformation system is efficient and adaptable for gene functional investigation in soybean genotype-, vector-, and Agrobacterium strain-independent modes. We demonstrated an easy set-up and practical homologous strategy for soybean gene functional studies.展开更多
The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback (Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004). Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following str...The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback (Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004). Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following stroke. In partic- ular, somatosensory impairments, such as impairment in touch, proprioception, light touch, and vibration have been frequently observed (Carey et al., 1993; Sullivan and Hed- man, 2008; Tyson et al., 2008). Patients with somatosensory dysfunction show negative effects on motor control, and it sometimes becomes difficult to perform daily activities independently.展开更多
An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet (BLG) under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system a...An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet (BLG) under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system are investigated in the presence of different electric fields normal to the BLG. The AB-stacked BLG is able to tune the bandgap into 0.234 eV with the increase of the external electronic field to 1 V/nm, however, the AA-stacked BLG is not sensitive to the external electric field. In both the cases, the spacing between the BLG slightly change in terms of the electric field. The charges in the AB-stacked BLG are increased with the increase of the electric field, which is considered to be the reason that causes the bandgap opening in the AB-stacked BLG.展开更多
The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli(Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988).Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience(...The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli(Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988).Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience(Kaplan,1988).Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,展开更多
In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in h...In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal (P63/mmc) and orthorhombic (Pmmn) structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B (Ru-B) than those of Re-B (Os-B). All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.展开更多
A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations...A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations confirmed that the most structures in substitutional model consist of a two-coordinate bridge structure and a three-coordinate hollow structure. The calculated results can well explain the red shift in N-doped TiO2 observed in experiments. The study provides an illustration for the N-doped anatase from the viewpoint of chemical bonding theory.展开更多
Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for th...Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for the retrograde labeling of projection neurons and cell type-specific trans-monosynaptic tracing,making these vectors powerful candidates for the dissection of synaptic inputs.Although several attenuated rabies viral vectors have been developed,their application in studies of functional networks is hindered by the long preparation cycle and low yield of these vectors.To overcome these limitations,we developed an improved production system for the rapid rescue and preparation of a high-titer CVS-N2c-ΔG virus.Our results showed that the new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit performed remarkably:(1)N2cG-coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allowed for efficient retrograde access to projection neurons that were unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro,and the efficiency was six times higher than that of rAAV9-Retro;(2)the trans-monosynaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2–3 times higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG;(3)CVS-N2c-ΔG could delivery modified genes for neural activity monitoring,and the time window during which this was maintained was 3 weeks;and(4)CVS-N2c-ΔG could express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination.These findings demonstrate that new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit may serve as a versatile tool for structural and functional studies of neural circuits.展开更多
X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystal...X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystallite size and the distortion parameter from single reflection have been described,and the value of these two parameters at (110)and(200)directions have been determined.展开更多
By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated r...By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated results show that-the AGP or SPG function gives the same ground state result as their linear combination.展开更多
Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was b...Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was born in 1986.In the past decade, the concept of genomics has beenwidely accepted by scientists who are engaging in biologyresearch. Meanwhile, the research scope of genomics hasbeen extended continuously, from simple gene mappingand sequencing to function genomics study. To reflect thechange, genomics is divided into two parts now, thestructure genomics and the function genomics.Structure genomics retains the primary research con-tent of genomics, such as constructing high density genetic展开更多
Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage o...Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-展开更多
Developing innovative,easy-to-manufacture,and non-Pt-group-metal(non-PGM)electrocatalysts is essential for the highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,we report a self-sacrificing post-synthetic strateg...Developing innovative,easy-to-manufacture,and non-Pt-group-metal(non-PGM)electrocatalysts is essential for the highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,we report a self-sacrificing post-synthetic strategy to synthesize highly loaded Fe-isolated single atoms anchored on the hierarchical porous N,S co-doped carbon matrix(Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO).The optimized Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO exhibits excellent ORR activity in the pH-universal range with half-wave potentials of 0.89,0.80,and 0.60 V in alkaline,acidic,and neutral media,comparable to the commercial Pt/C(0.85,0.81,and 0.64 V,respectively).The homemade liquid Zn-air battery(ZAB)with Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO as the cathode catalyst displays an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of~1.61 V,discharging specific capacity of 817.23 mAh·g^(-1),and long-term durability of~1865 cycles,outperforming those of the device with commercial Pt/C+RuO_(2)(1.49 V,657.32 mAh·g^(-1),and~120 cycles,respectively).Intriguingly,the corresponding flexible solidstate ZAB delivers satisfactory OCV,peak power density,foldability,and cycling stability at room temperature,as well as adaptability at a low temperature of -10℃.Besides,density functional theory(DFT)calculation reveals that the atomic FeN_(3)S moieties in Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO can cause charge redistribution and lower the binding strength of oxygen-containing intermediates,resulting in accelerated ORR kinetics and optimized catalytic activity.This work provides insights into experimental and theoretical guidance towards non-PGM electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.展开更多
To clone the full length cDNA of a gene responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (v SMC) proliferation in atherogenesis, and study its function Methods Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) at optimal conc...To clone the full length cDNA of a gene responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (v SMC) proliferation in atherogenesis, and study its function Methods Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) at optimal concentration was used as the stimulant to induce v SMC proliferation in culture medium A cDNA subtractive library of v SMC proliferation specific to ox LDL stimulation was established using subtractive hybridization technique Methods, including blotting, Northern hybridization and gene sequencing, were used to clone new gene fragments By using full length cDNA screening and protein expression techniques, one full length cDNA was cloned and its function was studied Results One full length cDNA was cloned The new gene (Genbank AF 174647) expressed a 44 kDa protein, which might be associated with the activity of ox LDL Conclusion The new gene cloned may be associated with SMC proliferation in atherogenesis展开更多
Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes(PCDT/TAs),sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs), has been well-documented to occur via ra...Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes(PCDT/TAs),sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs), has been well-documented to occur via radical–radical coupling reactions from chlorinated thiophenol precursors. However, the current understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs is exclusively limited to the inherent point of view that chlorothiophenoxy radicals act as the only required intermediates for PCDT/TAs. This study investigates reaction pathways for the formation of PCDT/TAs involving two new types of radical species, i.e., substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals. Taking 2-chlorothiophenol(2-CTP) as a model compound for chlorothiophenols,we found that apart from the mostly discussed chlorothiophenoxy radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals could also be readily formed via the reaction of 2-CTP with H radicals. Furthermore, direct self-and cross-coupling of these radicals can result in the formation of PCDT/TAs, including 1-monochlorothianthrene(1-MCTA), 1,6-dichlorothianthrene(1,6-DCTA), 4,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(4,6-DCDT)and 1,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(1,6-DCDT). The pathways proposed in this work are proven to be both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Particularly, comparisons were made between the formation mechanisms of sulfurated and oxygenated dioxin systems from an energetic point view, showing that replacing oxygen with sulfur atoms greatly reduces the activation barriers of the rate-controlling steps involved in the PCDT/TA formation processes compared with those involved for PCDD/Fs. The calculated results in this work may improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs from chlorothiophenol precursors and should be informative to environmental scientists.展开更多
Developing innovative and efficient non-precious-metal-group(non-PMG)electrocatalysts is crucial for the wide use of zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,a single-atom catalyst(termed as Fe-N-C/rGO SAC)with unique five N-c...Developing innovative and efficient non-precious-metal-group(non-PMG)electrocatalysts is crucial for the wide use of zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,a single-atom catalyst(termed as Fe-N-C/rGO SAC)with unique five N-coordinated Fe(Fe-N_(5))centers is prepared by pyrolyzing the composite of zeolitic-imidazolate-frameworks-8(ZIF-8)and graphene oxide(GO).Specifically,the individual Fe site is stabilized by four equatorial and one axial N atoms donated by the N-doped carbon matrix and imidazole ring,respectively,thus forming an asymmetric electron depletion zone over the metal center,which can effectively promote the generation of reactive intermediates and accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)processes for ZABs.The rechargeable liquid ZAB with Fe-N-C/rGO catalyst exhibits an extremely high energy density(928.25 Wh·kg^(−1)),a remarkable peak power density(107.12 mW·cm^(−2)),and a long cycle life(400 h).Additionally,the corresponding flexible solid-state ZAB displays superior foldability and remarkable cycling stability.This work provides both experimental and theoretical guidance for rational design of non-PMG electrocatalyst-driven ZABs.展开更多
The mechanism of selective 3,4-polymerization reaction of isoprene catalyzed by the rare earth lutecium(Ⅲ) alkyl complexes [2,6-Me2Ph-N-CH2-C(CH2SiMe3)=N-PhMe2-2,6]Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)was investigated by means ...The mechanism of selective 3,4-polymerization reaction of isoprene catalyzed by the rare earth lutecium(Ⅲ) alkyl complexes [2,6-Me2Ph-N-CH2-C(CH2SiMe3)=N-PhMe2-2,6]Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)was investigated by means of the M06/sdd method with solvation effects taken into account.The results show that the structure of the catalyst core remained almost unchanged as the isoprene molecules were alternatively inserted into the complex at two opposite sides.The Gibbs free energies of the coordination complexes,transition state and intermediates indicate that all the isoprene molecules prefer to insert into the complex with the 3,4-polymerization selectivity as catalyzed by the catalyst,which is consistent with the experimental observations.It is found that the insertion reaction of each isoprene is exothermic,which comes mainly from the coordination of the isoprene molecule to the lutecium(Ⅲ) atom.The solvation effects were confirmed important in predicting the Gibbs free energies of the present reaction system.展开更多
By means of histological method and ultrasound cardiographic (UCG) examination, the left-right ratio of transectional area of muscle fiber of latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) after non-dynamic cardiomyoplasty was 77.4% ?...By means of histological method and ultrasound cardiographic (UCG) examination, the left-right ratio of transectional area of muscle fiber of latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) after non-dynamic cardiomyoplasty was 77.4% ?11.7% in GroupⅠ (3 weeks after operation), and 78.4+ 11.6% in Group Ⅱ (3 months after operation). There were muscular atrophy and hyperplasia of LDM, but the basical structure was retained. The ejection fraction (EF) decreased significantly after operation (P<0.05), but the difference between two groups was non?significant. Also, dynamic cardiomyoplasty was performed on a sheep. UCG showed the increased cardiac systolic function after operation. ATPase, succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and PAS examination implied the strengthening of fatigue-esistant ability in skeletal muscles after long-term electrical stimulation. So cardiomyoplasty is suggested to be a supplementary measure in treating end-stage heart failure.展开更多
From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,th...From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,the various roles and funetionsof the eities in the national economy,theeeonomie funetions of a eity may be of展开更多
To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an ...To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。展开更多
The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (0.01 nM-10 nM) and 17 -estradiol (E2, 1 nmol-10 nM) alone or in combination on 3H thymidine incorporation, alkaline phosphatase and adenylate cyclase activities were investigat...The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (0.01 nM-10 nM) and 17 -estradiol (E2, 1 nmol-10 nM) alone or in combination on 3H thymidine incorporation, alkaline phosphatase and adenylate cyclase activities were investigated in human fetal osteoblasts using serum-free monolayer primary cultures. The results showed that PTH inhibited cell proliferation while E, promoted it. On alkaline phosphatase activity, PTH showed a complex results while E, were slightly inhibitory. PHT-E2 combination suggested that E2 could alter the effect of PTH alone, also potentiated the anabolic and antagonize the catabolic effects of PTH on bone formation.展开更多
基金supported by the Transgenic Programs,China(2014ZX0800930B and 2016ZX08009-001)the National Natural Science Found of China(31371703)
文摘Obtaining transgenic plants is a common method for analyzing gene function. Unfortunately, stable genetic transformation is difficult to achieve, especially for plants(e.g., soybean), which are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Transient expression systems, such as Arabidopsis protoplast, Nicotiana leaves, and onion bulb leaves are widely used for gene functional studies. A simple method for obtaining transgenic soybean callus tissues was reported recently. We extend this system with simplified culture conditions to gene functional studies, including promoter analysis, expression and subcellular localization of the target protein, and protein-protein interaction. We also evaluate the plasticity of this system with soybean varieties, different vector constructs, and various Agrobacterium strains. The results indicated that the callus transformation system is efficient and adaptable for gene functional investigation in soybean genotype-, vector-, and Agrobacterium strain-independent modes. We demonstrated an easy set-up and practical homologous strategy for soybean gene functional studies.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,No.2013R1A1A3007734
文摘The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback (Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004). Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following stroke. In partic- ular, somatosensory impairments, such as impairment in touch, proprioception, light touch, and vibration have been frequently observed (Carey et al., 1993; Sullivan and Hed- man, 2008; Tyson et al., 2008). Patients with somatosensory dysfunction show negative effects on motor control, and it sometimes becomes difficult to perform daily activities independently.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61176101)the "Zijing Program Foundation"of Zhejiang Universitythe Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Oversea Returners
文摘An AB-and AA-stacked bilayer graphene sheet (BLG) under an electric field is investigated by ab initio calculation. The interlayer distance between the two layers, band structures, and atomic charges of the system are investigated in the presence of different electric fields normal to the BLG. The AB-stacked BLG is able to tune the bandgap into 0.234 eV with the increase of the external electronic field to 1 V/nm, however, the AA-stacked BLG is not sensitive to the external electric field. In both the cases, the spacing between the BLG slightly change in terms of the electric field. The charges in the AB-stacked BLG are increased with the increase of the electric field, which is considered to be the reason that causes the bandgap opening in the AB-stacked BLG.
基金supported by the Medical Research Center Program(2015R1A5A2009124)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning
文摘The human brain is known to be influenced by environmental stimuli(Feeney et al.,1982;Kaplan,1988).Therefore,research on the brain activation pattern by external stimuli has been an important topic in neuroscience(Kaplan,1988).Chewing gum has been known to have a positive effect on cognition,including alertness,attention,cognitive processing speed,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20973174)973 Project (2007CB805307)
文摘In this paper, density functional computations have been applied to the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal diborides Re0.5Ir0.5B2, Re0.5Tc0.5B2, Os0.5W0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 in hexagonal (P63/mmc) and orthorhombic (Pmmn) structures with both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation. LDA gives smaller lattice parameters and larger elastic moduli than GGA. Both results show that the hexagonal ones are more stable than orthorhombic ones except Os0.5Ru0.5B2. Moreover, the hexagonal structure has superior elastic property than orthorhombic one. Generally speaking, the calculated elastic moduli of Re0.5Ir0.5B2 and Os0.5Ru0.5B2 are smaller than those values of Re0.5Tc0.5B2 and Os0.5W0.5B2 within the same structure because of the filling of antibonding states. The relativistic effects result in weaker bonds of Tc-B (Ru-B) than those of Re-B (Os-B). All the diborides are ultra-incompressible. Re0.5Tc0.5B2 has the largest shear modulus and it is a promising superhard diboride like Os0.5W0.5B2. The elastic properties are in high correlation with the bond strength. The shear moduli are more sensitive than the bulk moduli to the bond strength.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20503021)National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB815301)
文摘A systematic study on geometry, electronic structure and vibrational properties of N-doped TiO2 anatase cluster, within the framework of the density functional theory, has been performed in this work. The calculations confirmed that the most structures in substitutional model consist of a two-coordinate bridge structure and a three-coordinate hollow structure. The calculated results can well explain the red shift in N-doped TiO2 observed in experiments. The study provides an illustration for the N-doped anatase from the viewpoint of chemical bonding theory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32100899(to KZL),31830035(to FQX),31771156(to FQX),21921004(to FQX)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030,No.2021ZD0201003(to FQX)+2 种基金the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030331001(to FQX)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDB32030200(to FQX)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine,No.ZDSYS20200811142401005(to FQX)。
文摘Analyzing the structure and function of the brain's neural network is critical for identifying the working principles of the brain and the mechanisms of brain diseases.Recombinant rabies viral vectors allow for the retrograde labeling of projection neurons and cell type-specific trans-monosynaptic tracing,making these vectors powerful candidates for the dissection of synaptic inputs.Although several attenuated rabies viral vectors have been developed,their application in studies of functional networks is hindered by the long preparation cycle and low yield of these vectors.To overcome these limitations,we developed an improved production system for the rapid rescue and preparation of a high-titer CVS-N2c-ΔG virus.Our results showed that the new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit performed remarkably:(1)N2cG-coated CVS-N2c-ΔG allowed for efficient retrograde access to projection neurons that were unaddressed by rAAV9-Retro,and the efficiency was six times higher than that of rAAV9-Retro;(2)the trans-monosynaptic efficiency of oG-mediated CVS-N2c-ΔG was 2–3 times higher than that of oG-mediated SAD-B19-ΔG;(3)CVS-N2c-ΔG could delivery modified genes for neural activity monitoring,and the time window during which this was maintained was 3 weeks;and(4)CVS-N2c-ΔG could express sufficient recombinases for efficient transgene recombination.These findings demonstrate that new CVS-N2c-ΔG-based toolkit may serve as a versatile tool for structural and functional studies of neural circuits.
文摘X-ray diffraction line profiles of low density polyethylene(LDPE)/ (ethylene-propylene-octene-1)copolymer(EPO)blends have been analyzed with variance range function method.Theories for determining the microparacrystallite size and the distortion parameter from single reflection have been described,and the value of these two parameters at (110)and(200)directions have been determined.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘By using the linear combination of the AGP(antisymmetrtzed geminat power) and SPG(sequential product of geminats) functions, an attempt has been made to catcutate the ground state of the LiH molecule. The calculated results show that-the AGP or SPG function gives the same ground state result as their linear combination.
文摘Genomics is a biology term appeared ten years ago, used todescribe the researches of genomic mapping, sequencing,and structure analysis, etc. Genomics, the first journal forpublishing papers on genomics research was born in 1986.In the past decade, the concept of genomics has beenwidely accepted by scientists who are engaging in biologyresearch. Meanwhile, the research scope of genomics hasbeen extended continuously, from simple gene mappingand sequencing to function genomics study. To reflect thechange, genomics is divided into two parts now, thestructure genomics and the function genomics.Structure genomics retains the primary research con-tent of genomics, such as constructing high density genetic
文摘Objective To compare the effects of combined en bloc liver - pancreas transplantation ( LPT) with portal vein drainage and simultaneous combined kidney - pancreas transplantation ( KPT) with systemic venous drainage on the pancreatic endocrine function and related me-
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078028 and 21978026)the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.22209016)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program of Changzhou(No.CZ20220028).
文摘Developing innovative,easy-to-manufacture,and non-Pt-group-metal(non-PGM)electrocatalysts is essential for the highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,we report a self-sacrificing post-synthetic strategy to synthesize highly loaded Fe-isolated single atoms anchored on the hierarchical porous N,S co-doped carbon matrix(Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO).The optimized Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO exhibits excellent ORR activity in the pH-universal range with half-wave potentials of 0.89,0.80,and 0.60 V in alkaline,acidic,and neutral media,comparable to the commercial Pt/C(0.85,0.81,and 0.64 V,respectively).The homemade liquid Zn-air battery(ZAB)with Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO as the cathode catalyst displays an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of~1.61 V,discharging specific capacity of 817.23 mAh·g^(-1),and long-term durability of~1865 cycles,outperforming those of the device with commercial Pt/C+RuO_(2)(1.49 V,657.32 mAh·g^(-1),and~120 cycles,respectively).Intriguingly,the corresponding flexible solidstate ZAB delivers satisfactory OCV,peak power density,foldability,and cycling stability at room temperature,as well as adaptability at a low temperature of -10℃.Besides,density functional theory(DFT)calculation reveals that the atomic FeN_(3)S moieties in Fe-SAs/S,N-C/rGO can cause charge redistribution and lower the binding strength of oxygen-containing intermediates,resulting in accelerated ORR kinetics and optimized catalytic activity.This work provides insights into experimental and theoretical guidance towards non-PGM electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion.
文摘To clone the full length cDNA of a gene responsible for vascular smooth muscle cell (v SMC) proliferation in atherogenesis, and study its function Methods Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox LDL) at optimal concentration was used as the stimulant to induce v SMC proliferation in culture medium A cDNA subtractive library of v SMC proliferation specific to ox LDL stimulation was established using subtractive hybridization technique Methods, including blotting, Northern hybridization and gene sequencing, were used to clone new gene fragments By using full length cDNA screening and protein expression techniques, one full length cDNA was cloned and its function was studied Results One full length cDNA was cloned The new gene (Genbank AF 174647) expressed a 44 kDa protein, which might be associated with the activity of ox LDL Conclusion The new gene cloned may be associated with SMC proliferation in atherogenesis
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 21407167, 21621064, and 21607168)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB14030500)
文摘Homogeneous formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes(PCDT/TAs),sulfurated compounds analogous to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs), has been well-documented to occur via radical–radical coupling reactions from chlorinated thiophenol precursors. However, the current understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs is exclusively limited to the inherent point of view that chlorothiophenoxy radicals act as the only required intermediates for PCDT/TAs. This study investigates reaction pathways for the formation of PCDT/TAs involving two new types of radical species, i.e., substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals. Taking 2-chlorothiophenol(2-CTP) as a model compound for chlorothiophenols,we found that apart from the mostly discussed chlorothiophenoxy radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and substituted thiophenoxyl diradicals could also be readily formed via the reaction of 2-CTP with H radicals. Furthermore, direct self-and cross-coupling of these radicals can result in the formation of PCDT/TAs, including 1-monochlorothianthrene(1-MCTA), 1,6-dichlorothianthrene(1,6-DCTA), 4,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(4,6-DCDT)and 1,6-dichlorodibenzothiophene(1,6-DCDT). The pathways proposed in this work are proven to be both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Particularly, comparisons were made between the formation mechanisms of sulfurated and oxygenated dioxin systems from an energetic point view, showing that replacing oxygen with sulfur atoms greatly reduces the activation barriers of the rate-controlling steps involved in the PCDT/TA formation processes compared with those involved for PCDD/Fs. The calculated results in this work may improve our understanding of the formation mechanism of PCDT/TAs from chlorothiophenol precursors and should be informative to environmental scientists.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078028,22078027,and 21978026).
文摘Developing innovative and efficient non-precious-metal-group(non-PMG)electrocatalysts is crucial for the wide use of zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,a single-atom catalyst(termed as Fe-N-C/rGO SAC)with unique five N-coordinated Fe(Fe-N_(5))centers is prepared by pyrolyzing the composite of zeolitic-imidazolate-frameworks-8(ZIF-8)and graphene oxide(GO).Specifically,the individual Fe site is stabilized by four equatorial and one axial N atoms donated by the N-doped carbon matrix and imidazole ring,respectively,thus forming an asymmetric electron depletion zone over the metal center,which can effectively promote the generation of reactive intermediates and accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)processes for ZABs.The rechargeable liquid ZAB with Fe-N-C/rGO catalyst exhibits an extremely high energy density(928.25 Wh·kg^(−1)),a remarkable peak power density(107.12 mW·cm^(−2)),and a long cycle life(400 h).Additionally,the corresponding flexible solid-state ZAB displays superior foldability and remarkable cycling stability.This work provides both experimental and theoretical guidance for rational design of non-PMG electrocatalyst-driven ZABs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21173022, 20974014, 21274012).
文摘The mechanism of selective 3,4-polymerization reaction of isoprene catalyzed by the rare earth lutecium(Ⅲ) alkyl complexes [2,6-Me2Ph-N-CH2-C(CH2SiMe3)=N-PhMe2-2,6]Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)was investigated by means of the M06/sdd method with solvation effects taken into account.The results show that the structure of the catalyst core remained almost unchanged as the isoprene molecules were alternatively inserted into the complex at two opposite sides.The Gibbs free energies of the coordination complexes,transition state and intermediates indicate that all the isoprene molecules prefer to insert into the complex with the 3,4-polymerization selectivity as catalyzed by the catalyst,which is consistent with the experimental observations.It is found that the insertion reaction of each isoprene is exothermic,which comes mainly from the coordination of the isoprene molecule to the lutecium(Ⅲ) atom.The solvation effects were confirmed important in predicting the Gibbs free energies of the present reaction system.
文摘By means of histological method and ultrasound cardiographic (UCG) examination, the left-right ratio of transectional area of muscle fiber of latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) after non-dynamic cardiomyoplasty was 77.4% ?11.7% in GroupⅠ (3 weeks after operation), and 78.4+ 11.6% in Group Ⅱ (3 months after operation). There were muscular atrophy and hyperplasia of LDM, but the basical structure was retained. The ejection fraction (EF) decreased significantly after operation (P<0.05), but the difference between two groups was non?significant. Also, dynamic cardiomyoplasty was performed on a sheep. UCG showed the increased cardiac systolic function after operation. ATPase, succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and PAS examination implied the strengthening of fatigue-esistant ability in skeletal muscles after long-term electrical stimulation. So cardiomyoplasty is suggested to be a supplementary measure in treating end-stage heart failure.
文摘From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,the various roles and funetionsof the eities in the national economy,theeeonomie funetions of a eity may be of
文摘To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。
文摘The effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) (0.01 nM-10 nM) and 17 -estradiol (E2, 1 nmol-10 nM) alone or in combination on 3H thymidine incorporation, alkaline phosphatase and adenylate cyclase activities were investigated in human fetal osteoblasts using serum-free monolayer primary cultures. The results showed that PTH inhibited cell proliferation while E, promoted it. On alkaline phosphatase activity, PTH showed a complex results while E, were slightly inhibitory. PHT-E2 combination suggested that E2 could alter the effect of PTH alone, also potentiated the anabolic and antagonize the catabolic effects of PTH on bone formation.