Skopostheorie and the Application to English-Chinese Film Title Translation

This paper aims to explore the film title translation(FTT) from English to Chinese with an attempt to adapt Skoposthoerie as a guiding theory. Although usually short, film titles have a significance influence on box-offices. However, generally in China, FTT lacks a guiding theory. In fact, FTT is a purposeful activity. Among numerous translation theories, Skopostheorie is appropriate for FTT because, unlike previous theories, it enables the translator to employ various translational strategies to realize the main skopos. Its distinctive feature is"The end justifies the means". Generally, the main purpose of FTT is to attract the target audience(the Chinese audience) to watch the movie. This essay mainly classifies FTT into partial and total literal translation and free translation and, under the guidance of Skopstheorie, tries to probe into different strategies for different title types. In the introduction part, research background is presented. ChapterⅡ is devoted to the overview of Skopostheorie. Chapter Ⅲ is an overview of English film titles. As the core of this essay, Chapter Ⅳ focuses on the application of Skopostheorie to FTT. In order to realize vocative function, which is to call upon the audience to watch movies, intratextual coherence should be achieved. And abundant target film titles are adapted to explain that different strategies are employed for different titles. The conclusion is that Skopostheorie can play an active role in guiding FTT and in terms of Skopostheorie, FTT is in essence a process of renaming and recreation with certain strains to realize its vocative function.

Cultural Context in Literary Translation——from the Perspective of Explanatory Function and Restrictive Function

Literary translation is not merely the transformation of words,but it is a cross-cultural activity from cultural perspective.The paper mainly explores the concept of cultural context and the relationship between cultural context and literary translation,and analyzes explanatory function and restrictive function of cultural context in literary translation.If these functions can be involved in the literary translation,it is necessary for translators to resort to different translation strategies according to the different target cultural context.The selection of translation strategies is never random,but constrained by the cultural context.

Literary Text Translation from Functional Perspective

Functional linguistics has become the most influential linguistic theory in the field of translation study since the last de cade of 20th century.However,for the complexity of the context,it is uncommon and insufficient to explore literary texts.Draw ing a general picture of literary text translation from functional perspectives aims to probe into the functional modes of translation.

A Tentative Study of Translation Evaluation System of Chinese Classical Poetry Form: From the Perspective of Functional Linguistics

Chinese classical poetry is the special form of literature. The translated texts of various qualities hinder the foreign read-ers from appreciating of CCP and even from correctly understanding of the Chinese unique culture, which presents obstacles to thetransmission of Chinese great culture. Tentatively establishing an evaluation system of CCP from the perspective of functional lin-guistics,based on three meta-functions proposed by Halliday, by applying the translation evaluation system, the quality of six trans-lated versions of 清明, a poem by Du Mu are assessed. By this case study, it is intended to prove the feasibility and practicability ofthis translation evaluation system, and then provide the suggestions on bettering the translated versions.

Cosmetic Advertising Translation with Functional Theory

The ultimate goal of cosmetic advertising is to promote product sales and stimulate consumers'desire to buy.Translators should follow the translation requirements as far as possible,emphasize the target language readers,and take into account the ex⁃pected functions of the target text,cultural differences,and consumer psychology.Under the framework of Skopostheorie,this paper uses descriptive and explanatory analysis methods to analyze and study cosmetic examples,and discusses the feasibility and appli⁃cability of this theory in cosmetic advertisement translation.The translation of cosmetic advertisements should focus on consumers.How to make the translation accurate,attractive,and acceptable to the readers is the principle guiding the translation of cosmetic advertisements.Guided by Skopostheorie,the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the target language.

影片Lost in Translation缘何译成《迷失东京》?——兼谈英文电影片名的翻译原则

文章从影片Lost in Translation的片名翻译入手,探究了"lost in translation"的出处,通过分析英语电影片名的特点及主要功能,总结翻译电影片名的终极目的,试图回答这个问题:影片Lost in Translation缘何译成《迷失东京》?对该问题的回答也为解决英语电影片名的翻译提供理论指导。

Functionalist Approaches to Advertisement Translation

The 1970s saw a development of the Functionalism, with its three representative scholars Katharina Reiss, Hans. Vermeer and Justa Holz Manttari. Katharina Reiss proposed the text type theory; Vermeer brought up the skopostheory and Mantarri translational action theory. The Functional theories are very useful for the translators to adopt a right translation strategy. In these years, various kinds of adver- tisement have appeared in people's daily life. They are becoming one important part in our culture. The companies need advertisements to sell their products and the consumers need the advertisement to decide which brand to buy after comparison. This paper will discuss how they are applied to the advertisement translation.

An Analysis of the Two Translation Versions of Ode to the West Wind from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

Ode to the West Wind,as the western literary classic,has been translated into different languages and its effects are beyond the literature and the national boundaries.This poem has been the ode to freedom and revolution spread by generations.This thesis introduces Nida’s functional equivalence theory.In addition,the author also introduces the comparisons of the two translation versions of Ode to the West Wind.Through analysis of authentic translation examples,the author indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of the functional equivalence theory in the practical translation.The author also wants to improve the ability of a translator to use this theory while translating so as to express the meaning correctly while keeping the features of the original texts.Moreover,through a tentative study of functional equivalence,a reader can understand the foreign culture comprehensively based on the consideration of the original texts and the original meanings.

经验意义系统下《葬花吟》及其英译本的生态话语分析

《葬花吟》作为林黛玉诗词的代表作,出现在《红楼梦》第二十七回。这首诗并非因伤春而无病呻吟,也并非因爱情而烦心苦闷,而是作为封建贵族阶级的叛逆者林黛玉与贾府封建正统势力斗争冲突的结果。文章基于韩礼德的系统功能语言学,以生态场所观为理论指导,对《葬花吟》原诗及杨-霍英译本进行生态话语分析。研究发现:诗中运用了生态场所观中的多个施事,表明人对于场所之间的紧密依附关系;通过及物性过程分析,尤其是心理过程方面,表明诗中主人公及原诗作者对美好生活及良好的社会环境的渴望与向往。原诗及其英译本在生态话语的深层涵义上具有积极的生态立场,属于生态保护型语篇。

中国当代文学外译中“文学性”的再现——以余华《在细雨中呼喊》中语言变异的英译为例

“文学性”的再现是中国当代文学外译乃至中国文学外译的一个重要命题。利奇在《英诗学习指南:语言学的分析方法》(ALinguistic Guide to English Poetry)一书中总结的英语诗歌的八种语言变异情况,为考察以小说为代表的中国当代文学的文学性及其在翻译中的再现问题提供了一个可资借鉴的参考。余华小说《在细雨中呼喊》具备利奇提出的全部八种语言变异的情况,但是对小说英译本的检视显示,译者在面对原文语言变异的翻译处理整体而言重视不够,译文美中不足。

集研究、翻译和写作于一身的“三栖动物”——张德明教授访谈录

张德明教授长期从事比较文学与世界文学教学和研究,在加勒比英语文学和英国旅行文学等领域卓有建树,并出版有多种译著。在本次访谈中,张德明教授讲述了他的导师、翻译名家飞白和刘象愚对他的重要影响,结合自身翻译学习与实践的经验,着重阐述了翻译中的文化因素、文学翻译与文学研究、译者的责任、翻译手稿等问题。张德明教授认为,文学翻译涉及基本语义层、文化背景层、文学传统层、作者风格层四个层次的解码和重新编码,我们需辩证看待文学翻译的“归化”和“异化”策略,“异化”为保原文之“真”,而“归化”为保文化之“实”。在其丰富的诗歌汉译实践中,张德明教授的主要策略是保留原诗作者风格,格外注重在韵式上紧紧贴近原诗,传递原诗面貌。

功能翻译理论适合文学翻译吗?——兼析《红楼梦》咏蟹诗译文及语言学派批评

20世纪70年代，德国出现一派翻译理论——功能派翻译理论，其核心是“目的论”。对目的论的评价有褒有贬，在批评的声音中颇具代表性的是：功能派理论不适用于文学翻译。本文通过比较分析《红楼梦》中咏蟹诗的两种译文对这一批评提出不同的看法：即在文学翻译中，至少在诗歌翻译中运用功能理论是可行的。在对“语言学派”之相关评论提出商榷的同时，给出自己的译文。

翁显良先生翻译观初探

翁显良先生认为绘画贵在气韵生动;文学翻译要求意足神完。原文作者的“意态”不仅可译,而且非译出不可。积译时,译者需要“神遇”,领悟作者之意,忘却有形的一切,进行再创作。整个翻译过程要“得作者之志,用汉语之长,求形似之效”。译文必须达到与原文大致相同的艺术效果。

文学作品中的隐喻翻译研究

由于引进西方翻译理论,中国的翻译研究有了很大的发展,跨学科研究的分量加重。翻译活动和翻译现象本身呈多元性和复杂性,所以多学科研究才能促进翻译研究的深入发展。目前隐喻理论被尝试用于翻译领域,指导翻译研究和实践活动,并形成了新的隐喻翻译研究范式。隐喻不单单是一种语言表达手段,它更是人类认知活动中的一种重要手段。隐喻的本质不是一种语义现象,而是一种语用现象,因而需从语用角度分析文学作品中隐喻的有关问题。为了准确传达原文的隐喻词语,译者不能机械地照字面翻译,而应根据语言环境和说话者对事物的态度以及作家所要表达的感情并结合汉语表达习惯来确定翻译对策。

目的论与翻译方法

目的论是功能翻译理论中最重要的理论。本文以目的论为依据 ,分析了译者在翻译过程中所选用翻译方法的目的性。认为翻译方法或策略必须由译文预期目的或功能来决定 ,并进一步指出 ,从实现译文目的或功能角度来看 。

目的论与广告语篇汉英翻译的策略

文章以功能翻译的核心理论———目的论为依据,通过对广告翻译的实质、目的和译文预期功能的分析后认为,为了实现译文的预期目的和功能,广告语篇汉英翻译可采用“自上至下”的工具翻译策略。文章还从广告语言、文化和管理法规等角度,以实例验证了使用工具翻译策略的必要性。

借鉴与挪用:德国功能主义翻译理论在中国

德国功能主义翻译理论被译介到中国之后引起了广泛的关注,国内相关的学术论文达160多篇。该理论在中国翻译界产生了重大影响,表现为扩大了翻译的研究范围、引入了多元化翻译标准等,但该理论被运用到中国这个新的语境后也有被误读的现象,甚至产生了一些消极的影响。本文试图分析产生这些误读的原因,并通过对比其在西方的接受情况,提出对待西方理论要奉行“新拿来主义”。

从“目的论”看“平行文本”分析在应用翻译中的作用

"平行文本"指不同语言中话题、体裁和功能相同或相近的本土文本。在德国功能主义翻译理论(翻译目的论)的框架内,系统探讨"平行文本"分析在应用翻译,特别是汉英应用翻译中的作用,并列举例证分别阐述在翻译过程、译文评价和翻译教学/培训中如何有效地利用"平行文本",发挥"平行文本"的参照指导作用,可以使译文实现设定的功能,使译文评价客观而有说服力并且使应用翻译教学卓有成效。

目的论与汉英广告翻译

本文从功能主义“目的论”角度讨论汉英广告翻译。提出译者在汉英广告翻译实践中应采取归化原则,使译文符合目标语的语言特征、文化习惯和读者期待,以达到广告预期的商业目的。