Soil spiders were pitfall-trapped once every month in three forest vegetation types of Ziwuling natural secondary forest region, Gansu Province from April to October, 2004. A total of 2 164 spiders were collected, bel...Soil spiders were pitfall-trapped once every month in three forest vegetation types of Ziwuling natural secondary forest region, Gansu Province from April to October, 2004. A total of 2 164 spiders were collected, belonging to 43 species in 19 families, captured in 630 pitfall trap collections. Linyphiidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosodae were found to be the dominant families in all habitat types, and the composition of soil spider assemblages was different between the three habitats. Ecological indices of diversity, richness and evenness were significantly different between the three habitats （ P 〈 0.05）. The relative abundance of guilds （based on numbers of individuals） varied greatly （P 〈 0.01）, which may releet resource availability within habitat types. The existence of different patterns within the assemblages reflects the importance of maintaining habitat heterogeneity and vegetation types in order to preserve soil spider biodiversity.展开更多
Hainantoxin-II （HnTx-II）, a novel neurotoxin, was isolated from the venom of the Chinese bird spider （Haplopelma hainanum） by cation exchange chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The toxin was a single chain pol...Hainantoxin-II （HnTx-II）, a novel neurotoxin, was isolated from the venom of the Chinese bird spider （Haplopelma hainanum） by cation exchange chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The toxin was a single chain polypeptide with calculated molecular weight of 4 253.135 obtained by mass spectrometry. The complete amino acid sequence of HnTx-II was determined by Edman degradation and found to contain 37 residues with three disulfide bonds. Results showed HnTx-II can reversibly paralyze cockroaches for several hours after intra-abdominal injection with ED50 of 16 μg/g and kill the insects immediately at a dose of 60 μg/g. It was also shown to kill mice at a LD50 value of 1.41μg/g after intracerebroventricular injection. Hainantoxin-II shares 91% sequence homology with Huwentoxin-II （HwTx-II）, an insecticidal peptide from another bird spider （Haplopelma schmidti） with a unique scaffold. While HnTx-II and HwTx-II both exhibit toxic activities in insects and mammals, HnTx-II shows higher insecticidal activity and lower lethiferous activity of mammals than HwTx-II. These results help clarify structural-functional relationships of the polypeptide toxin.展开更多
This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeogra...This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.展开更多
Objective] Field and laboratory observation was conducted to investigate Clubiona corrugate. [Method] The trials investigated the bio-ecology and behavior of the spider C. corrugate. [Result] The spider overwintered w...Objective] Field and laboratory observation was conducted to investigate Clubiona corrugate. [Method] The trials investigated the bio-ecology and behavior of the spider C. corrugate. [Result] The spider overwintered with spiderlings, adults and instars turn into adults after 6-8 molts. It had 2-3 generations each year in Hunan, and it owned the character of overlapping of generation in paddies. The average duration of generations of C. corrugate was 158.2 days, and the survival days av-eraged 223.2 days. The female and male mated several times without cannibalistic behavior, average number of eggs female laid throughout its adult life was 371.5, and hatchability can get 85.4%. The sex ratio was 1∶1. Its capability of resistance to starvation and drought was strong. Through indoor observation, the spider can sur-vive 25-61 days under the condition of no water and food. [Conclusion] The behav-ior of C. corrugate was also recorded in detail, and female usual y has a strong a-bility to protect their egg-sacs and spiderlings. At present, the bio-ecology and be-havior of the spider C. corrugate had not been reported.展开更多
文摘Soil spiders were pitfall-trapped once every month in three forest vegetation types of Ziwuling natural secondary forest region, Gansu Province from April to October, 2004. A total of 2 164 spiders were collected, belonging to 43 species in 19 families, captured in 630 pitfall trap collections. Linyphiidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosodae were found to be the dominant families in all habitat types, and the composition of soil spider assemblages was different between the three habitats. Ecological indices of diversity, richness and evenness were significantly different between the three habitats （ P 〈 0.05）. The relative abundance of guilds （based on numbers of individuals） varied greatly （P 〈 0.01）, which may releet resource availability within habitat types. The existence of different patterns within the assemblages reflects the importance of maintaining habitat heterogeneity and vegetation types in order to preserve soil spider biodiversity.
基金supported by the Research Project of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province, China (Y200805989)~~
文摘Hainantoxin-II （HnTx-II）, a novel neurotoxin, was isolated from the venom of the Chinese bird spider （Haplopelma hainanum） by cation exchange chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. The toxin was a single chain polypeptide with calculated molecular weight of 4 253.135 obtained by mass spectrometry. The complete amino acid sequence of HnTx-II was determined by Edman degradation and found to contain 37 residues with three disulfide bonds. Results showed HnTx-II can reversibly paralyze cockroaches for several hours after intra-abdominal injection with ED50 of 16 μg/g and kill the insects immediately at a dose of 60 μg/g. It was also shown to kill mice at a LD50 value of 1.41μg/g after intracerebroventricular injection. Hainantoxin-II shares 91% sequence homology with Huwentoxin-II （HwTx-II）, an insecticidal peptide from another bird spider （Haplopelma schmidti） with a unique scaffold. While HnTx-II and HwTx-II both exhibit toxic activities in insects and mammals, HnTx-II shows higher insecticidal activity and lower lethiferous activity of mammals than HwTx-II. These results help clarify structural-functional relationships of the polypeptide toxin.
文摘This paper aims to carry out the preliminary study on the zoogeographic distributions of 166 species within Gnaphosidae by clustering method,and analyze and compare the similarities of 15 subregions in seven zoogeographic regions in China.The results suggested that the division of Northern China was coincident with the distribution pattern of Chinese ground spiders,but there was subregion recombination between the other regions.There was aggregation between Da Hinggan Mountains subregion in the Northeast,east plain subregion in Mengxin area and west hungriness subregion,between Tianshan mountainous subregion in Mengxin area,Qiangtang altiplano subregion and the southwest mountainous region subregion in Southwest,and between east hill plain subregion in central China,west mountainous region altiplano subregion,Min and Guang coastal subregion in south of China and south Dian mountainous region subregion.The other two subregions in the Northeast formed a region.Qinghai and south Xizang subregion in Qinghai-Xizang Region formed a branch independently.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[31472017]National Natural Science Foundation of China[31272339]+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China[31071943]Major Program of Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province[2014FJ2003]~~
文摘Objective] Field and laboratory observation was conducted to investigate Clubiona corrugate. [Method] The trials investigated the bio-ecology and behavior of the spider C. corrugate. [Result] The spider overwintered with spiderlings, adults and instars turn into adults after 6-8 molts. It had 2-3 generations each year in Hunan, and it owned the character of overlapping of generation in paddies. The average duration of generations of C. corrugate was 158.2 days, and the survival days av-eraged 223.2 days. The female and male mated several times without cannibalistic behavior, average number of eggs female laid throughout its adult life was 371.5, and hatchability can get 85.4%. The sex ratio was 1∶1. Its capability of resistance to starvation and drought was strong. Through indoor observation, the spider can sur-vive 25-61 days under the condition of no water and food. [Conclusion] The behav-ior of C. corrugate was also recorded in detail, and female usual y has a strong a-bility to protect their egg-sacs and spiderlings. At present, the bio-ecology and be-havior of the spider C. corrugate had not been reported.
