A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

Synthesis,Characterization of NaA Zeolite from Blast Furnace Slag(BFS)via Alkaline Fusion and Hydrothermal Treatment

A blast furnace slag zeolite(BFSZ)material was successfully synthesized from BFS by alkaline fusion and hydrothermal treatment.Via the analyses of XRD,FT-IR,FE-SEM,XRF,CEC and BET surface area measurement,when zeolite was synthesized at a crystallization temperature of 100℃with initial Si/Al ratio of 1:1,the main composition in the product is Na-A zeolite.Under the above conditions,the BFSZ was synthesized with CEC of 3.06 meq/g and maximum BET surface area of 37.55 m^(2)·g^(-1).Moreover,the incorporating of BFS-derived minor metals(such as Mg,Fe,and Ca)are found to be of little importance for the synthesis of BFSZ.Thus the obtained BFSZ material has a great adsorption performance for removing Mn^(2+),Cu^(2+),and NH_(4)^(+)ions diluted in water,owing to the higher CEC.

BF-PT-BZT三元系高温压电陶瓷的介电压电温度稳定性

采用传统固相反应法制备0.54BiFeO_(3)-0.33PbTiO_(3)-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))O_(3)(BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x)),0.4≤x≤0.8)三元系压电陶瓷,研究了Zr含量(x)对陶瓷的微观结构以及介电、铁电和压电性能的影响。X线衍射(XRD)结果表明,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))三元系陶瓷为单一钙钛矿结构,当0.4≤x≤0.7时,陶瓷相结构为三方-四方相共存;当x=0.8时,陶瓷为三方相结构。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,随着Zr含量的增加,陶瓷晶粒尺寸逐渐增加。在25~400℃时,陶瓷的压电常数d 33的波动小于±6%。当x=0.7时,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(x)Ti_(1-x))具有最优异的综合性能,其介电常数εr、居里温度T_(C)、压电常数d_(33)分别为1194(1 kHz)、438℃和330 pC/N,在25~300℃时,陶瓷的电容温度系数和压电常数变化率分别为16%和8%。结果表明,BF-0.33PT-0.13Ba(Zr_(0.7)Ti_(0.3))陶瓷在高温压电器件中具有较广的应用前景。

Process metallurgy and data-driven prediction and feedback of blast furnace heat indicators

The prediction and control of furnace heat indicators are of great importance for improving the heat levels and conditions of the complex and difficult-to-operate hour-class delay blast furnace(BF)system.In this work,a prediction and feedback model of furnace heat indicators based on the fusion of data-driven and BF ironmaking processes was proposed.The data on raw and fuel materials,process op-eration,smelting state,and slag and iron discharge during the whole BF process comprised 171 variables with 9223 groups of data and were comprehensively analyzed.A novel method for the delay analysis of furnace heat indicators was established.The extracted delay variables were found to play an important role in modeling.The method that combined the genetic algorithm and stacking efficiently im-proved performance compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm in improving the hit ratio of the furnace heat prediction model.The hit ratio for predicting the temperature of hot metal in the error range of±10℃ was 92.4%,and that for the chemical heat of hot metal in the error range of±0.1wt%was 93.3%.On the basis of the furnace heat prediction model and expert experience,a feedback model of furnace heat operation was established to obtain quantitative operation suggestions for stabilizing BF heat levels.These sugges-tions were highly accepted by BF operators.Finally,the comprehensive and dynamic model proposed in this work was successfully ap-plied in a practical BF system.It improved the BF temperature level remarkably,increasing the furnace temperature stability rate from 54.9%to 84.9%.This improvement achieved considerable economic benefits.

CR400BF动车组车体端墙焊接模拟仿真与变形控制研究

CR400BF动车组车体端墙为封闭腔体铝合金型材拼焊结构,焊接量大,焊接变形大,尺寸不易控制,影响车辆装配精度和外观质量。针对CR400BF动车组车体端墙焊接变形的控制方法进行研究,通过焊接模拟仿真和实际生产相结合的方式,从结构优化、焊前预制反变形和焊接工艺优化三个方面提出了一套较为优化的端墙焊接变形控制方法。在结构优化方面,采用带立柱的封闭式型材结构代替传统开式型材结构,增加了端墙的刚度。焊前反变形方面,通过调整侧弯梁单件的外形弧度和外部弯梁的组对宽度,实现了对焊接变形的有效控制。焊接工艺优化方面,采用“先长后短、先大后小”正反面交替焊接顺序,并调整段焊间距和数量,进一步减小了焊接变形,保证了端墙各项关键尺寸,进而提高了产品质量和生产效率。

Coke behavior with H_(2)O in a hydrogen-enriched blast furnace:A review

Hydrogen-enriched blast furnace ironmaking has become an essential route to reduce CO_(2)emissions in the ironmaking process.However,hydrogen-enriched reduction produces large amounts of H_(2)O,which places new demands on coke quality in a blast furnace.In a hydrogen-rich blast furnace,the presence of H_(2)O promotes the solution loss reaction.This result improves the reactivity of coke,which is 20%-30%higher in a pure H_(2)O atmosphere than in a pure CO_(2)atmosphere.The activation energy range is 110-300 kJ/mol between coke and CO_(2)and 80-170 kJ/mol between coke and H_(2)O.CO_(2)and H_(2)O are shown to have different effects on coke degradation mechanisms.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of H_(2)O on the structure and properties of coke.By exploring the interactions between H_(2)O and coke,several unresolved issues in the field requiring further research were identified.This review aims to provide valuable insights into coke behavior in hydrogen-rich environments and promote the further development of hydrogen-rich blast furnace ironmaking processes.

Extraction of Valuable Metals from Titanium-bearing Blast Furnace Slag by Acid Leaching

To realize the resource utilization of the valuable metals in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag,the process route of “hydrochloric acid leaching-electrolysis-carbonization and carbon dioxide capture-preparation of calcium carbonate” was proposed.In this study,the influences of process conditions on the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron and the phases of the leaching residue were investigated for the leaching process.The experimental results show that the HCl solution could selectively leach the elements from the titanium-containing blast furnace slag.The better leaching conditions are the HCl solution concentration of 4 mol/L,the leaching time of 30 min,the ratio of liquid volume to solid gas of 10 mL/g,and the stirring paddle speed of 300 r/min.Under the conditions,the leaching rates of calcium,magnesium,aluminum,and iron can reach 85.87%,73.41%,81.35%,and 59.08%,and the leaching rate of titanium is 10.71%.The iron and the aluminum are removed from the leachate to obtain iron-aluminum water purification agents,and the magnesium is removed from the leachate to obtain magnesium hydroxide.The leaching residue phase is dominated by perovskite,followed by magnesium silicate and tricalcium aluminate,and the titaniumrich material could be obtained from the leaching residue by desiliconization.

Numerical investigation of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake to intensify the gas-slag momentum transfer in the top-blown smelting furnace

The variation characteristics of bubble morphology and the thermal-physical properties of bubble boundary in the top-blown smelting furnace were explored by means of the computational fluid dynamics method.The essential aspects of the fluid phase(e.g.,splashing volume,dead zone of copper slag,and gas penetration depth)were explored together with the effect of sinusoidal pulsating gas intake on the momentum-transfer performance between phases.The results illustrated that two relatively larger vortices and two smaller vortices appear in the bubble waist and below the lance,respectively.The expansion of larger ones as well as the shrinking of smaller ones combine to cause the contraction of the bubble waist.Compared to the results of the case with a fixed gas injection velocity(V_(g)=58 m/s),the splashing volume and dead zone volume of the slag under the V_(g)=58+10sin(2πt)condition are reduced by 24.9%and 23.5%,respectively,where t represents the instant time.Gas penetration depth and slag motion velocity of the latter are 1.03 and 1.31 times high-er than those of the former,respectively.

Cross-upgrading of biomass hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis for high quality blast furnace injection fuel production:Physicochemical characteristics and gasification kinetics analysis

The paper proposes a biomass cross-upgrading process that combines hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis to produce high-quality blast furnace injection fuel.The results showed that after upgrading,the volatile content of biochar ranged from 16.19%to 45.35%,and the alkali metal content,ash content,and specific surface area were significantly reduced.The optimal route for biochar pro-duction is hydrothermal carbonization-pyrolysis(P-HC),resulting in biochar with a higher calorific value,C=C structure,and increased graphitization degree.The apparent activation energy(E)of the sample ranges from 199.1 to 324.8 kJ/mol,with P-HC having an E of 277.8 kJ/mol,lower than that of raw biomass,primary biochar,and anthracite.This makes P-HC more suitable for blast furnace injection fuel.Additionally,the paper proposes a path for P-HC injection in blast furnaces and calculates potential environmental benefits.P-HC of-fers the highest potential for carbon emission reduction,capable of reducing emissions by 96.04 kg/t when replacing 40wt%coal injec-tion.

MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位结构和递呈机制解析

MHC B2单倍型鸡对禽白血病病毒感染有较强抗性,这种抗病性可能与被MHC分子递呈的表位刺激活化的T细胞产生的免疫应答有关。本研究拟阐明MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位结构和递呈机制。利用凝胶过滤层析筛选出能与MHCⅠ稳定结合的肽。利用晶体初筛试剂盒在体外培育肽和MHCⅠ的二元复合物晶体,并利用COOT、CCP4和PYMOL等软件对该晶体结构进行解析和分析。在这项研究中,作者发现二个与BF2*0201稳定结合的ALV-J CTL表位FVDFANRLI和SALQAFREV。得到一个优质晶体BF2*0201-SALQAFREV(SV9),其生长条件为1.0 mol·L^(-1)丁二酸(pH 7.0),0.1 mol·L^(-1)HEPES(pH 7.0),1%聚乙二醇单甲醚2000。解析高分辨率(1.72?)的BF2*0201-SV9复合物结构后发现BF2*0201抗原结合槽整体呈现弱负电性。保守的残基多位于抗原结合槽的两端,特异性氨基酸赋予BF2*0201中等大小的抗原结合槽。B、C和F口袋起着较重要的锚定作用,口袋残基和水分子与抗原多肽形成氢键作用,将其固定在抗原结合槽中。SV9表位构象中突出的P4-Gln和P7-Arg残基的构象特征表明该位点有被特异性TCR潜在识别的特性。BF2*0201-SV9复合物晶体结构特征有助于阐明B2单倍型MHCⅠ类分子BF2*0201递呈ALV-J表位的机制,有助于解释B2单倍型鸡对ALV存在抗性的原因,为抗病育种工作奠定理论基础。

否定非对合剩余格上BF-理想的BF-平移与BF-扩张理想

进一步研究否定非对合剩余格的双极值模糊理想(简称BF-理想)问题,引入BF-理想的BF-平移、BF-扩张理想和BF-乘积等概念并考察它们的性质特征和相互关系,为进一步揭示否定非对合剩余格的结构特征拓展研究思路.

CR400BF平台动车组牵引系统可靠性评估

对高级修周期间隔延长背景下的CR400BF平台动车组牵引系统进行可靠性评估。基于牵引系统的部件结构及基本的系统组合形式,构建可靠性框图模型;收集整理动车组运营过程中的故障数据,利用直方图法对故障分布模型进行初步判断;通过假定分布模型的参数估计及拟合优度检验,确定各部件的故障分布规律;评估牵引系统各部件及其整体的可靠性指标,绘制可靠度函数图形并进行简要分析。文中所用的分析方法具有较好的通用性,可以进一步推广到动车组其他系统,能够为动车组修程修制改革提供技术支撑。

基于BF-YOLOv5的红外及可见光图像融合的目标检测

在目标检测领域,夜间、大雾、遮挡及战场伪装等复杂的环境中,使用单一的图像传感器不足以反映全部的场景信息,难以提高复杂环境中目标检测精度。为此提出了以YOLOv5为基础的BF-YOLOv5算法,算法采用双分支结构,通过两个Backbone分别读取可见光图像和红外图像,在每个Backbone中分别融合了CBAM,通过学习的方式自动获取每个特征通道的重要程度,并且利用得到的重要程度来提升特征,抑制对当前任务不重要的特征。在Neck部分融合了BiFormer注意力机制,用来提升对小目标的检测能力。实验证明,BF-YOLOv5算法在红外及可见光FLIR数据集和LLVIP数据集上的检测精度均高于原有算法,在FLIR数据集上平均精度均值(mAP)高达86.6%,相比原有双分支算法提升了2.2个百分点,显著提高红外和可见光融合图像的检测性能。

KMP算法与BF算法的对比和选择

详细分析了KMP算法的核心思想,包括Next数组的构建与应用,以及BF算法的基本思想和执行过程。对两种算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度进行了对比和讨论,揭示了KMP算法在匹配效率上的优势。针对不同应用场景和需求,提出了算法选择的策略,为字符串匹配问题的算法选择和应用提供有价值的参考。

Research on Shortest Path BFS Strategy in Multi-AGV Scheduling System

With the increasing maturity of automated guided vehicles(AGV)technology and the widespread application of flexible manufacturing systems,enhancing the efficiency of AGVs in complex environments has become crucial.This paper analyzes the challenges of path planning and scheduling in multi-AGV systems,introduces a map-based path search algorithm,and proposes the BFS algorithm for shortest path planning.Through optimization using the breadth-first search(BFS)algorithm,efficient scheduling of multiple AGVs in complex environments is achieved.In addition,this paper validated the effectiveness of the proposed method in a production workshop experiment.The experimental results show that the BFS algorithm can quickly search for the shortest path,reduce the running time of AGVs,and significantly improve the performance of multi-AGV scheduling systems.

Production Practice of Solid Waste Desulfurizer Disposal in European Metallurgical Furnace

In order to realize the OY Smelting Furnace disposal of solid waste,municipal waste,form a model of steel enterprises and urban integration,through the production practice of smelting furnace,analyzes the mechanism of solid waste disposal,and proposed the disposal of solid waste desulfurization agent and disposal method:According to the theory to guide the actual production process,the test ton of iron with 10-15kg of desulfurizer in the production process does not affect the quality of molten iron and slag quality.

Furnace Temperature Curve Optimization Model Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm

When soldering electronic components onto circuit boards,the temperature curves of the reflow ovens across different zones and the conveyor belt speed significantly influence the product quality.This study focuses on optimizing the furnace temperature curve under varying settings of reflow oven zone temperatures and conveyor belt speeds.To address this,the research sequentially develops a heat transfer model for reflow soldering,an optimization model for reflow furnace conditions using the differential evolution algorithm,and an evaluation and decision model combining the differential evolution algorithm with the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)method.This approach aims to determine the optimal furnace temperature curve,zone temperatures of the reflow oven,and the conveyor belt speed.

基于BBF优化算法的无人机遥感图像配准研究

针对无人机遥感图像中的亮度、尺度、图像重叠等问题,利用BBF优化算法设计无人机遥感图像配准方法;根据无人机遥感成像原理,获取无人机遥感图像作为配准对象,通过图像融合、校正等步骤,完成初始遥感图像的预处理;提取无人机遥感图像的SIFT特征点和轮廓特征,利用BBF优化算法搜索当前图像与参考图像之间的特征匹配对,完成图像的特征匹配;最终通过粗匹配、精匹配和消除错误匹配点3个步骤,得出无人机遥感图像的配准结果;通过效果测试实验得出结论:优化设计方法的特征匹配点准确率为5.15%,漏配率为3.75%,显著优于传统配准算法。

Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing

Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.

真空衰减检漏机在BFS药品包装密封完整性检测中的应用

首先介绍了真空衰减检漏机的结构和具体工作流程,然后给出了其差压法检测原理,实现BFS类药品既定瓶型的密封完整性检测。现以一种0.4 mL BFS滴眼剂产品为例,根据漏率计算公式,在满足客户生产要求速度和5μm检测精度前提下,进行检测模腔和标准模腔的仿形设计。在完成被检测阴性样品、3D打印基准物和5μm漏孔阳性样品等准备工作后,按照设定的参数进行检测,得到泄漏判定阈值范围,通过多组样品的测试证明,采用真空衰减检漏机设备能够有效检测BFS药品包装密封完整性,保证产品质量。