Provenance of Coloured Gemstones-Availability,Testing Methods,Future Trends

Gemstones have fascinated mankind forever,and people traveled far to find them.The Silk Road is one of the most traditional trade routes in the middle ages that was used to bring the precious stones to the European market.Later,emeralds from Colombia were shipped via the ocean to the Old World.

Present Situation and Future Trends of River-Basin Cascade Hydropower Dispatch in China

Hydropower resources in river basins are typically developed in a cascade manner. The cascade hydropower stations use water from the same river; in a sense, they form a cluster of hydropower stations which are linked together by the river stream. The dispatch and management of the cascade hydropower stations in a river basin differ from those of an ordinary single hydropower station. Without doubt, unified dispatch can facilitate the full harnessing of hydraulic resources and is in a better position to fulfill the objectives in the development of river basin. As a result, more and more river-basin cascade power stations around the world implement unif ied dispatching.

Advancements in Humanoid Robots: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status, advancements, and future prospects of humanoid robots, highlighting their significance in driving the evolution of next-generation industries. By analyzing various research endeavors and key technologies, encompassing ontology structure,control and decision-making, and perception and interaction, a holistic overview of the current state of humanoid robot research is presented. Furthermore, emerging challenges in the field are identified, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper understanding of biological motion mechanisms, improved structural design,enhanced material applications, advanced drive and control methods, and efficient energy utilization. The integration of bionics, brain-inspired intelligence, mechanics, and control is underscored as a promising direction for the development of advanced humanoid robotic systems. This paper serves as an invaluable resource, offering insightful guidance to researchers in the field,while contributing to the ongoing evolution and potential of humanoid robots across diverse domains.

Family Medicine in the United States: Practice, Training and Future Trends

Family medicine is a primary care specialty created in 1969 in the United States in response to concerns that specialization in medicine was leading to fragmented and depersonalized care. Family physicians engage in a broad spectrum of medical care services, but the majority of their work is performed in ambulatory offices where they provide primary care for adults and children. Obstetrics and hospital care were once considered key components of family medicine, but many family doctors have been dropping these services from their scope of care as medical care in the U.S. has organized into larger multi-specialty group. However, in rural areas where family physicians are the most common type of physicians, physicians often continue to provide these services. Education of family physicians consists of medical school followed by three year of post-medical school residency training. This training occurs in a wide variety of hospitals including rural training tracks.Medical educators in the field of family medicine often provide fundamental teaching for all students, but nearly all schools offer a dedicated family medicine clinical experience during students' education. Research is a less common role for academic family medicine doctors, although many do engage in scholarship that is often focused on health care delivery and health policy.Future challenges to family medicine include how to train family doctors for a new organization model of care delivery that centers on a team approach to care, and whether training in obstetrics and hospital medicine should still be emphasized when most physicians do not engage in these types of clinical activities.

Historic and Future Perspectives of Storm and Cyclone

In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong winds,large precipitation amounts in the form of rain,freezing rain,or snow,as well as thunder and lightning.But what is the connection between these two specific terms?In this paper,the historic evolutions of the terms“storm”and“cyclone”are reviewed from the perspective of weather science.The earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly introduced.Then,the origin of the term“meteorological bomb”,which is the nickname of the“explosive cyclone”is introduced.Later,the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are discussed.Also,the climatological features of explosive cyclones,as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change,are discussed.

Variation and future trends in precipitation over summer and autumn across the Yunnan region

This study analyzed the changes in precipita- tion over summer and autumn across the Yunnan region of China, and undertook a composite analysis of the atmo- spheric circulations in the troposphere, which included an analysis of the interannual and interdecadal variations. This paper examines in detail the circulation backgrounds of the wet and dry periods in summer and autumn and their correlations with the sea surface temperature. The results indicated that the summer and autumn precipitation across Yunnan has significantly decreased over the past 50 years. Furthermore, since the beginning of the century, the summer and autumn precipitation cycle has been in a low precipitation phase. The overlap of two extremely low rain phases has caused frequent droughts in the region. In addition, the atmospheric circulation fields during these wet and dry periods are very different. These are mainly shown as a meridional wind anomaly in eastern China in the low atmosphere, as a cross-equatorial airflow anomaly, a tropical zonal wind anomaly over the Indian Ocean, and as a related South Asia High and Western Pacific Subtropical High. Further analysis suggested that the SST over the Indian Ocean and the Pacific warm pool critically affect the anomalous summer and autumn precipitation over Yunnan by impacting the monsoon circulations. Future projections for greenhouse gas wann- ing suggest a potential anomalous circulation background between 2010 and 2020 which may result in less precipitation during the wet season or even drought events across the Yunnan region.

India's Major Concerns about China and the Future of China-India Relations

Since 2014, the development of the China-India relationship has followed a trend of starting high and ending low. The China-India relationship warmed up rapidly in the first two years, which nevertheless failed to bring about a substantial breakthrough in their bilateral relations, as India's strategic doubts about China and their differences of interests on numerous issues still pose difficulties.

ONGOING PREDICAMENTS OF CAPITALISM AND FUTURE TREND OF WORLD ORDER

According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within countries but also profoundly impacted the development and transition of the world order.However,since the international financial crisis

Introduction to Regulatory Affairs and Different Regulatory Bodies for Pharmaceutical Products and Impact of Digitalization on Regulatory Affairs

To ensure the quality and marketability of products, the field of regulatory affairs (RA) serves as an intermediary between regulatory bodies, the industry, and consumers. The primary objective of pharmaceutical registration is centered on the marketing process. The World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) play crucial roles in the process. Drug registration and commercialization are overseen by national regulatory authorities initially, following the guidelines of the key organizations. The phenomenon of digital disruption is widespread and has significant effects on several domains of work. This influence has been further intensified by the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the rapid advancements in the complexity and capabilities of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. The future of this profession is influenced by various trends, including the swift progress in scientific comprehension of diseases, which has resulted in the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment and potential eradication of some ailments. The importance of strategic collaborations, alignment, and integration among national regulatory agencies has been heightened by recent global regulatory reforms. This trend is expected to persist. The impact of these elements on regulatory professionals, medication development, and medical practice in the future is a subject of considerable attention. The enhancement of skills and the adoption of a growth mindset are crucial for regulatory affairs professionals to implement the necessary adjustments. This emerging paradigm promotes the cultivation of personal responsibility in individuals’ professional development, fostering adaptability and emphasizing the significance of lifelong learning. Through their actions, these specialists could exert influence on the process of product development, contributing to the improvement of their society.

Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Urbanization in China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data from 1992–2013

Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.

Soil and land resources for agricultural production:General trends and future scenarios-A worldwide perspective

Based on the global distribution of land and soil quality and the world population,future trends in the agricultural use of land and soil resources are described,which will severely compromise future global food and fiber production through the increase and the spatial changes of world population,through the loss of fertile land caused by insufficient soil management and through urbanisation and industrialization Moreover,future changes in life style and the increasing demand for food and bioenergy,trough changes in world economy,through climate change and a worldwide decrease in fresh water supply,sustainable land use for the production of food and fiber will be under threat.Until 2050 global food production must be doubled for satisfying global needs.Our scenarios should help to preview future changes,to counterbalance and to mitigate possible negative impacts,thus sustaining global food security.

COVID-19 imaging:Diagnostic approaches,challenges,and evolving advances

The role of radiology and the radiologist have evolved throughout the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Early on,chest computed tomography was used for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19;however,it is now indicated for high-risk patients,those with severe disease,or in areas where polymerase chain reaction testing is sparsely available.Chest radiography is now utilized mainly for monitoring disease progression in hospitalized patients showing signs of worsening clinical status.Additionally,many challenges at the operational level have been overcome within the field of radiology throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.The use of teleradiology and virtual care clinics greatly enhanced our ability to socially distance and both are likely to remain important mediums for diagnostic imaging delivery and patient care.Opportunities to better utilize of imaging for detection of extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 disease will continue to arise as a more detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of the virus continues to be uncovered and identification of predisposing risk factors for complication development continue to be better understood.Furthermore,unidentified advancements in areas such as standardized imaging reporting,point-of-care ultrasound,and artificial intelligence offer exciting discovery pathways that will inevitably lead to improved care for patients with COVID-19.

Definition,Mission and Standards of International Olive Council

The International Olive Council(IOC) is an international intergovernmental organization dedicated to olive oil and table olives, aiming at modernizing olive production, coordinating olive policies, improving the regulation of international trade, defending the quality of the olive sector and promoting olive oil and table olives to increase their consumption. The IOC grants recognition of laboratories and tasting panels in annual trials when they meet the conditions given in the decisions adopting the IOC certificate for laboratories for the physico–chemical testing of olive oil and laboratories for the sensory analysis of virgin olive oils. The IOC establishes analysis methods applying to olive oils and olive pomace oils for purity, quality and organoleptic assessment. The IOC elaborates guides of storage conditions for olive oils and olive pomace oils, of managing virgin olive oil tasting panels and of sensory testing laboratories. In future works, the IOC includes activities to identify analytical criteria for detecting fraud and guaranteeing the quality of olive oils and olive pomace oils.

On the Flood Disasters in the Lower Jingjiang Reaches: Grey Prediction Model and Application

In the light of the historical substantial data (covering a 70-year period) collected in the Lower Jingjiang segment and aided by topological grey method, here we attempt to characterize the occurrence and future trend of flood calamities in the study area. Our findings indicate that overall the high-frequent flood disasters with middle to lower damage prevail at present. A series of dramatic flood waves will appear in the years of 2016, 2022, 2030 and 2042, particularly a destructive flood will occur between 2041 and 2045 in the Lower Jingjiang reaches. Typical of sensitive response to flood hazards in close association with its special geographical location, the lower Jingjiang segment hereby can reflect the development trend of floods in the middle Yangtze reaches. According to the results, a good fitness was revealed between the prediction and practical values. This actually hints that the topological grey method is an effective mathematical means of resolving problems containing uncertainty and indetermination, thus providing valuable information for the flood prediction in the middle Yangtze catchment.

Trend of snow cover fraction over East Asia in the 21st century under different scenarios

Using the snow cover fi＇action （SNC） output from eight WCRP CMIP3 climate models under SRES A2, A1B, and B1 scenarios, the future trend of SNC over East Asia is analyzed. Results show that SNC is likely to decrease in East Asia, with the fastest decrease in spring, then winter and autumn, and the slowest in summer, In spring and winter the SNC decreases faster in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau than in northern East Asia, while in autumn there is little difference between them. Among the various scenarios, SRES A2 has the largest decrease trend, then A1B, and B1 has the smallest trend. The decrease in SNC is mainly caused by the changes in surface air temperature and snowfall, which contribute differently to the SNC trends in different regions and seasons.

中国湿地保护修复管理经验与未来研究趋势

Wetlands are important natural resources for humans and play an irreplaceable ecological function in the terrestrial ecosystem.To curb the continued loss of wetlands globally,international organizations and many countries have taken a series of major conservation and restoration measures.This work reviews these wetland conservation and restoration measures,interprets China’s wetland conservation and restoration management policies,and proposes that future research on wetland resources in China should be conducted from the aspects of international frontiers and national strategic plans,socioeconomics,and smart services.The results show that the 27 International Wetlands Days from 1997 to 2023 provided new goals and tasks for the protection and management of wetlands.The important topics and outcomes of the 14 Conferences of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands from 1980 to 2022 provided new directions and new challenges for wetland development.In the future,we should enhance wetland ecological functions,promote sustainable wetland development,and overcome the technical bottleneck of fragile wetland ecosystem restoration.From 1992 to 2022,China embarked on a new phase of wetland protection and restoration.The overall experience of wetland protection and restoration in China has been formed through national strategic deployment,legal policy establishment,and project planning and implementation.The needs to provide for and plan the long-term protection of wetlands at the national level,to innovate restoration and management techniques and application systems,and to effectively address the complex issues of wetland protection and restoration through collaborative division of labor among multiple departments were emphasized.Research on the future trends of wetlands should be directed towards the exploration and practice of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and several international conventions in support of sustainable wetland development.Wetland protection,restoration,and management services should be promoted for national strategic needs and local,high-quality social and economic development.In addition,research on cross-integration and academic innovation should be enhanced for disciplinary development,global supervision,comprehensive assessment,and smart decision making.

Characteristics of Obama Administration's Nuclear Security Diplomacy and a Future Trend

Nuclear security diplomacy is one of the composition of Obama’s diplomacy with most special characteristics.The United States initiates from the perspective of nuclear security,an originally marginal issue,actively builds momentum,mobilizes multilateral diplomacy and major countries diplomacy,has not only improved the global nuclear security situation,reduced the risks of nuclear

Analysis On the Current Status and Future Development Trend of China's Lithium Industry

Recently,the 2016 Lithium Industry Forum,an event hosted by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Lithium Branch,opened in Xining,Qinghai Province.Li Bingxin,Deputy Secretary-general of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Lithium Branch,shared the operation