Consensus Control With a Constant Gain for Discrete-time Binary-valued Multi-agent Systems Based on a Projected Empirical Measure Method

This paper studies the consensus control of multiagent systems with binary-valued observations.An algorithm alternating estimation and control is proposed.Each agent estimates the states of its neighbors based on a projected empirical measure method for a holding time.Based on the estimates,each agent designs the consensus control with a constant gain at some skipping time.The states of the system are updated by the designed control,and the estimation and control design will be repeated.For the estimation,the projected empirical measure method is proposed for the binary-valued observations.The algorithm can ensure the uniform boundedness of the estimates and the mean square error of the estimation is proved to be at the order of the reciprocal of the holding time(the same order as that in the case of accurate outputs).For the consensus control,a constant gain is designed instead of the stochastic approximation based gain in the existing literature for binary-valued observations.And,there is no need to make modification for control since the uniform boundedness of the estimates ensures the uniform boundedness of the agents’states.Finally,the systems updated by the designed control are proved to achieve consensus and the consensus speed is faster than that in the existing literature.Simulations are given to demonstrate the theoretical results.

基于GAIN插补和因子空间回归的我国人口出生率时空分布及影响因素分析

基于全国2015—2019年31个省市人口出生率的时空数据,重点在于研究社会保障、生育政策和经济发展对于人口出生率的影响,从而对提高人口总和生育率,实现代际更替提供科学支撑。首先,针对时空数据,运用GAIN法对缺失数据进行插补,减少偏误。然后,运用因子分析法对数据进行降维,构建出经济社会、儿童抚养、医保覆盖、老年抚养、卫生医疗及人力资源等影响特征。最后,将省级人口出生率的空间交互效应纳入回归模型,融合因子分析结果,建立因子空间回归模型,并进行统计分析。结果表明:人口抚养比和人力资源对生育率有显著影响。据此建议:我国在调整计划生育政策的同时,应同步实施“津贴”政策,减轻育人成本,提高人口出生率。

Effect of Heating Rates on the Formable Oxide Scale on a C-Steel Surface

Oxide scale formation on a C-steel surface has been investigated using linear heating rates ranging from 0.1℃/min to 10℃/min at high temperatures. The studies on the oxide scale formation at high temperature (650℃) at slower heating rate (0.1℃/min) shows that the kinetic regime is linear. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the scale constituents are significantly influenced by the heating rate. The adherence of the scale was improved by using slower heating rate (0.1℃/min-≤650℃), while above such degree the scale was susceptible to cracking and flaking out of the alloy surface. In fact, the development of oxide growth stresses can cause considerable scale cracking. As well, variation of the crystallite sizes under the aforementioned conditions might affect the scale stacking to the alloy surface. The secondary electron detector images of the oxide scale shows that the scale was imperfectly smooth and there were a number of voids and defects in the scale skin, especially at fast heating rate. This observation could be attributed to defects of the as-received alloy. In general, slower heating rate reduced the defects of the scale and improved its adherence.

Fading Effects on the Lower Shifting of Mode Switching Thresholds in the Rate Adaptive IEEE 802.11a/g WLANs

In this paper we used the probability distribution of the average channel gain of the fading channel to analyze the degree of fading effects on both the PER (packet error rate) and the throughput in OFDM systems. Instead of solely examining the average received SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) value of a packet, considering the whole distribution of the average received SNR allows us to aggregate a better selection of the mode switching thresholds in the rate adaptive 802.11 a/g WLAN. This paper demonstrates that the set of mode switching thresholds can be determined for each individual target , so that the optimal throughput performance is obtained on a per target basis. Numerical results show that mode switching thresholds should be reduced with the lowering of target values. This conclusion could have significant implications for improving the performances of location (distance)-dependent mobile applications, since the determinations of target values are closely related to the distances between mobile devices and the access point.

Improved Interference Suppression Algorithm Against Broadband BPSK Interference

An improved polar exciser （IMPE） interference suppression method against broadband constant envelope binary phase shift keying （BPSK） interference is proposed. The disadvantage of traditional polar exciser （PE） is the performance degradation when the power of interference is low, i.e., the threshold effect. The proposed improved PE （IMPE） algorithm can overcome the threshold effect of PE by introducing compression gain （CG） metric, which forces PE suppressor active only at larger jammer-to-signal ratio （JSR） and switch to matched filter （MF） at lower JSR. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show the exactness of CG as a switching metric and the validity of the IMPE algorithm.

Effects of gestational weight gain on the outcome of labor at the Yaounde central hospital maternity, Cameroon

Obesity rates are increasing in Cameroon. Obstetric literature has recently focused on the rising incidence of complications with increases in weight gain in pregnancy. Some of these complications include gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, operative deliveries, genital tract lacerations and fetal birth trauma. Examining the effects of excess weight gain during the course of pregnancy could help identify weight gain limits. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy and we designed this study in order to determine delivery outcomes when weight is gained above these guidelines. We also sought to know if these guidelines are applicable in our environment. In this cross-sectional analytic design, pre-pregnancy and intra-partum BMIs were calculated for all the parturients who consented. They were classified into normal weight gain and excessive weight gain based on IOM recommendations. Those in the normal weight gain group were women with BMIs that ranged between 18.5 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2 and who gained 9 - 16 kgs. Those who gained weight above these range were considered as having gained excessive weight during pregnancy. They were all follow-up in labor using the partogram. We compared prepartum, intra-partum and post-partum outcomes in the two groups by calculating odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals and p values. One hundred and ten (110) overweight women were matched against the same number of women who had normal weight gain. There was no significant difference between social status, marital status as well as level of educational and weight gain in the two groups. Underweight (BMI p = 0.048). Women who gained weight above the recommended range suffered from preeclampsia 18.2% vs. 6.4% (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 8.0, p = 0.014), higher cesarean section rates 27.3% vs. 10% (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5 - 7.1, p = 0.002), higher rates of induced labor 19.1% vs. 9.0% (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0 - 5.2, p = 0.05), prolonged labor 43.6% vs. 16.4% (OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.1 - 7.4, p = 0.000), postpartum hemorrhage 10% vs. 1.8% (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 9.2, p = 0.002). There were also higher rates of fetal mal-presentation, 11.8% vs. 3.6% (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.31 - 11.9, p = 0.004), macrosomia 30.9% vs. 6.4% (OR 7.0, 95% CI 2.7 - 15.6, p p = 0.0045) and birth trauma 10% vs. 1.8%. (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.3 - 9.2, p = 0.023). Women who gained weight during pregnancy above the recommended range had increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

Theoretical study on interaction of neon like Ge X－ray lasers in gain saturation

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A theoretical and experimental investigation of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber laser

In this paper, the theoretical rate equation model of an in-band pumped gain-switched thulium-doped fiber （TDF） laser is investigated. The analytical formulations of pump energy threshold, peak power extraction efficiency, and pulse extraction efficiency are derived through analyzing the interaction process between the pump pulse and the laser pulse. They are useful for understanding, designing, and optimizing the in-band pumped TDF lasers in a 1.9 μm-2.1 μm wavelength region. The experiment with an all-fiber gain-switched TDF laser pumped by a 1.558-μm pulse amplifier is conducted, and our experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis.

Modification in self-rated health in patients discharged by a geriatric rehabilitation ward

Self-rated health is a valuable outcome in geriatric rehabilitation besides objective results. The present work aims at measuring and analyzing overall health as it is perceived at admission into and at discharge from a geriatric rehabilitation ward. Overall health was self-appraised through a visual-analogue scale (VAS), spanning from 0 (worst) to 10 (best). We studied 1997 patients (70% females), aged 79 (standard deviation, s.d. 8.7) years;most were frail, either functionally, clinically and cognitively. 80% of patients were discharged to home after a length of stay lasting 47.5 (s.d. 22.7) days. At admission, 3/5 patients appraised favorably their overall health (VAS ≥ 6/10): at discharge, the proportion rose to 3/4, with a mean (s.d.) gain = 2 (2) points. The improvement in self-perceived health score positively correlates with the grade expressing clients’ overall satisfaction for the stay (p 0.001), and with discharge versus admission differences in: Barthel Index (BI) total score (p < 0.001), Tinetti total score, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (5?items GDS), pain (VAS 0 to 10). A Linear regression model predicting the changes in self-perceived health included changes in BI, MMSE, GDS, pain, dropping Tinetti test. Changes in self-rated health were positively correlated to functional gain adjusted for pre-morbid level, and to relative functional gain. By analysis of variance, health self-appraisal changed more favorably in patients discharged to home than for other social outcomes (all p < 0.001). As expected, trends in self-perceived health parallel improvements in objective functional gauges and subjective indicators.

Efficient Slew-Rate Enhanced Operational Transconductance Amplifier

Today, along with the prevalent use of portable equipment, wireless, and other battery powered systems, the demand for amplifiers with a high gain-bandwidth product（GBW）, slew rate（SR）, and at the same time very low static power dissipation is growing. In this work, an operational transconductance amplifier（OTA） with an enhanced SR is proposed. By inserting a sensing resistor in the input port of the current mirror in the OTA, the voltage drop across the resistor is converted into an output current containing a term in proportion to the square of the voltage, and then the SR of the proposed OTA is significantly enhanced and the current dissipation can be reduced. The proposed OTA is designed and simulated with a 0.5μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） process. The simulation results show that the SR is 4.54V/μs, increased by 8.25 times than that of the conventional design, while the current dissipation is only 87.3%.

汽车线控转向系统自适应变增益传动比设计

转向传动比是影响车辆主动安全性及操纵稳定性的重要因素。为改善线控转向车辆在低附着系数路面下的转向特性,设计了随路面附着系数和车速变化而自适应调整的变增益传动比。建立汽车二自由度模型,分析影响横摆角速度增益的因素,并通过仿真得到影响因素与增益之间的数据关系。采用Min-Max归一化方法,将影响因素与横摆角速度增益之间的数据进行预处理,构建神经网络数据集;设计蛇算法优化的BP神经网络(SO-BP),利用预处理后的数据集对SO-BP神经网络进行训练,由此动态获取变横摆角速度增益。采用变横摆角速度增益与侧向加速度增益按比例综合的策略,设计线控转向变增益传动比。利用Simulink-CarSim搭建线控转向整车模型,分别在高附着系数路面双移线工况和低附着系数路面角阶跃工况下,将所设计的变增益传动比与传统定增益传动比进行对比分析。结果表明:高附着系数路面条件下,两种传动比车辆的行驶轨迹误差保持在3%以内,而变增益传动比车辆的转向盘转角峰值降低了9.1%;低附着系数路面条件下,变增益传动比车辆在中低车速下的横摆角速度稳态值降低了22.3%、峰值降低了24.6%,中高车速下的横摆角速度稳态值降低了6.6%、峰值降低了10.8%。变增益传动比不仅可以提高车辆在高附着系数路面上的转向灵敏度,也改善了在低附着系数路面上行驶的安全性与操纵性。

稀土Y对铜线材抗氧化行为的影响机理研究

目的针对纯铜线材的抗氧化性能不足问题,通过稀土微合金化制备了含微量Y元素的铜线材,研究稀土Y含量对铜线材抗氧化性能的影响。方法采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等表征手段,分析了氧化膜脱落后基体表面形貌以及稀土Y元素在氧化过程中的存在形式与氧化膜的生长过程,揭示了添加稀土元素Y提高纯铜抗氧化性能的作用机理。结果稀土Y的引入提高了纯铜线材的抗氧化性能,在600℃、10 h条件下,Cu-0.03Y线材相对于Cu线材氧化增重率由0.55%降低至0.2%,降幅达63%。稀土元素Y的添加使铜线材的(100)晶面占比减少,(111)晶面占比增多,基体表面易被活化的(100)原子面占比降低,铜线材的抗氧化性能提高。在Cu-0.1Y线材中稀土元素浓度较高时发生偏聚,稀土元素与氧的亲和力大于铜与氧的亲和力,偏聚处形成不连续的稀土氧化物,使氧离子与铜离子的接触反应面积增大,相比Cu-0.03Y线材抗氧化性能降低。结论氧化过程中稀土离子的扩散速率慢、半径大,对铜离子的向外扩散起到阻碍作用,降低了铜离子的扩散速度,提高了铜线材的抗氧化性能。

饲料蛋白质水平对中国结鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、体组成及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在探究不同蛋白质水平饲料对中国结鱼幼鱼的影响。选择体重(3.26±0.09)g健康的试验鱼720尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为33.19%、36.48%、39.80%、42.59%、45.80%、48.06%的试验饲料。试验期10 w。结果显示,随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,试验鱼增重率和特定生长率均在45.80%组达到最大,显著高于33.19%组、36.48%组和39.80%组(P<0.05);45.80%组试验鱼终末体长显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。33.19%组饲料系数显著高于39.80%组、42.59%组和48.06%组(P<0.05)。42.59%组全鱼和肌肉的粗蛋白含量均最高,其中全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。42.59%组试验鱼胰蛋白酶活性最高,显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。45.80%组肠道脂肪酶活性较高,显著高于33.19%组、36.48%组、39.80%组和42.59%组(P<0.05)。33.19%组肠道α-淀粉酶活性较高,显著高于39.80%组、42.59%组、45.80%组和48.06%组(P<0.05)。研究表明,经折线模型及二次非线性模型回归分析,中国结鱼幼鱼饲料适宜蛋白质水平以41.65%~43.53%为宜。

胚胎移植女性孕早期睡眠质量及关联因素分析

背景胚胎移植女性经受了身体和心理的双重挑战,孕早期的生活质量,尤其是睡眠质量会受到较大的影响。目的分析胚胎移植女性孕早期睡眠质量及相关影响因素。方法选取2022年6—12月于河北医科大学第二医院生殖医学科进行体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)助孕成功的患者,在其移植后45 d返院复查B超时进行问卷调查,调查内容包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、中文简化版心理弹性量表(Connor Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)和社会支持评定量表。以PSQI>7分为判断睡眠障碍的标准,通过多因素Logistic回归模型分析睡眠质量与各个影响因素的关系,并使用信息增益算法对影响睡眠质量的主要因素进行影响程度评估。结果发放问卷336份,回收325份,回收率96.7%。325例IVF-ET孕妇年龄(32.46±4.52)岁,睡眠质量总分为(7.79±3.63)分,其中126例孕妇总分≤7分为睡眠正常组,199例孕妇总分>7分为睡眠障碍组(61.23%,199/325)。相关心理学评估:焦虑自评量表(43.75±8.86)分;抑郁自评量表(50.89±10.54)分;心理弹性量表总分(64.18±11.34),其中坚韧性(32.66±10.28)分,力量性(21.75±6.37)分,乐观性(9.74±3.26)分;社会支持评定量表总分为(42.27±4.93)分,其中客观支持(9.15±2.13)分,主观支持(25.30±4.26)分,对支持的利用度(7.82±1.91)分。Logistic回归结果提示,年龄越大、越焦虑,越容易出现睡眠障碍;文化程度中,以初中及以下人群作为参照,高中或中专学历的人群更不容易出现睡眠障碍;心理弹性水平越高,睡眠障碍出现概率越低(P均<0.05)。信息增益分析结果显示,影响睡眠质量的因素按影响力大小依次为心理弹性中的坚韧性(1.186)、社会支持量表中的主观支持分(0.807)、心理弹性量表中的力量性(0.806)、心理弹性量表中的乐观性(0.510)、社会支持量表中的对支持的利用度(0.422)、文化程度(0.419)、客观支持分(0.391)、职业(0.216)、婆媳关系(0.213)、SAS(0.192)、SDS(0.162)、第几次移植(0.146)、年龄(0.117)、第几次取卵(0.108)、社会支持总分(0.107)、现有子女个数(0.088)、月收入(0.082)、夫妻关系(0.051)、居住地(0.035)。结论胚胎移植女性在孕早期睡眠质量较差;患者的不良心理状态对睡眠有负面影响,而心理弹性和社会支持对睡眠质量则起到了积极的正面影响,临床可以从改善患者心理弹性状态、增加社会支持方向入手,帮助IVF-ET孕妇从孕早期开始改善睡眠质量,从而提高生活质量,保证母婴健康。

基于有效限制邻域结构的禁忌搜索求解预算最大覆盖问题

针对预算最大覆盖问题,设计出一种基于有效限制邻域结构的禁忌搜索算法(Effectively Restricted Neighborhood Structure Based Tabu Search,ERNSBTS)对其求解。该算法主要由动态初始化、基于策略限制邻域结构和动态随机扰动重新初始化三部分组成。首先,提出构建剩余利润和剩余价值密度来生成好的初始解。然后,引入计数器G来记录当前解下元素覆盖次数,设计相对置空率和相对增益率两种策略来得到最有期望子集来限制邻域结构。最后,设计扰动程序,将贪婪与启发式思想相结合,考虑全局和局部的凸组合,以增加初始解的多样性。在数值实验中,分析了ERNSBTS算法参数设置,同时将其与近似算法、PLTS和VDLS算法的结果进行比较分析,证实了ERNSBTS算法在求解质量、计算效率和鲁棒性方面的高竞争力。

不同胆汁酸对花鲈生长、血清生化及肝脏脂代谢的影响

为研究不同胆汁酸对花鲈生长性能、血清生化及脂肪代谢的影响,选取240尾体格健壮、规格一致的花鲈((16.00±0.50)g),随机分到12个养殖桶中,分别饲喂基础饲料(不添加胆汁酸)、添加载体胆汁酸的饲料、添加脂壮素NE的饲料和添加液体胆能L的饲料,投喂8周后,采集样品并分析。结果表明:1)与基础饲料组相比,脂壮素NE组显著提高了花鲈的增重率、摄食量和血清溶菌酶活性(P<0.05);液体胆能L组显著降低增重率和摄食量(P<0.05),对血清非特异性免疫无显著影响(P>0.05);而载体胆汁酸组对花鲈增重率和血清非特异性免疫均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)3种不同剂型胆汁酸的添加均可显著降低血清谷草转氨酶、肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的活性(P<0.05),且脂壮素NE组的肝脏脂蛋白脂酶活性增加显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加脂壮素NE后会显著提高花鲈的增重率和血清中溶菌酶、肝脏中脂蛋白脂酶的活性。

高性能PtS_(2)/MoTe_(2)异质结红外光电探测器

由于光电探测器的工作性能直接关系到系统数据采集质量,为此,对高性能PtS_(2)/MoTe_(2)异质结红外光电探测器进行了研究。通过选取材料、试剂和设备制作了PtS_(2)/MoTe_(2)异质结红外光电探测器。搭建探测器性能测试环境,并利用光响应度、探测率、响应时间和光电导增益4个指标,分析探测器性能。结果表明,随着测试时间的推移,PtS_(2)/MoTe_(2)异质结红外光电探测器的光响应度数值始终处于5 A/W限值以上;无论对采集何种材质反射的红外光,探测器探测率均大于10 cm·Hz1/2 W^(-1);无论光生电流是处于上升还是下降时间,其响应时间始终在限值150μs以下;光电导增益值保持在80%以上。

氮掺杂氧化石墨烯的制备及其对棉织物的负载改性

为开发具有阻燃、导电复合功能织物,制备了氮掺杂氧化石墨烯,并利用其对棉织物进行负载改性。测试改性前后棉织物的质量增重率、阻燃、表面比电阻及断裂强力、抗弯刚度等服用性能,分析氮掺杂氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物的可行性。结果表明:分散液(氮掺杂氧化石墨烯/氧化石墨烯)对棉织物负载改性的最佳质量浓度为6 g/L。在此质量浓度下,改性棉织物的质量增重率、极限氧指数、断裂强力及抗弯刚度均随分散液(氮掺杂氧化石墨烯/氧化石墨烯)负载改性次数的增加而上升,表面比电阻与透气率则随氮掺杂氧化石墨烯负载改性次数的增加而降低。负载改性到达一定次数时,各项性能指标趋于稳定。同时,氮掺杂氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物的交联稳定性优于氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物,使得氮掺杂氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物的质量增重率、极限氧指数、断裂强力与抗弯刚度高于氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物,表面比电阻与透气率低于氧化石墨烯负载改性棉织物。水洗负载改性7次的改性棉织物,发现水洗4次时的性能指标与未经水洗负载改性1次的性能指标相当。文章发现利用氮掺氧化杂氧化石墨烯负载改性来制备复合功能棉织物具有可行性,为氧化石墨烯材料在功能织物中的应用提供了一定的参考价值。

基于决策树算法的风力发电机组偏航控制系统设计

风力发电机组偏航系统对风力控制方面效果欠佳,为提升风能利用率与发电效益,将决策树作为基本算法,构建风力发电机组偏航控制系统。整合信号采集、位置伺服和偏航传动等物理装置单元,建立偏航控制系统的硬件结构。基于决策树算法,综合考虑滞后性、机械损耗等影响因素,设计偏航控制规则提取、叶轮侧对风向及自动解缆等系统的软件控制程序。将系统应用于搭建的大型风力发电机组仿真模型中开展实验,通过对比风向角度呈线性递增过程中,控制前后偏航电机启动脉冲、发电机功率与风力机转速以及偏航角度等模拟数据发现,各项参数均与风向角度有较强关联性。偏航角度的曲线斜率无限接近1,与风向角度的等量线性关系显著。结果表明,该系统能提升机组的发电效率与偏航控制效率,能快速、精准地实现风力发电机组偏航控制。

基于双人零和博弈的孤岛微电网有界L2增益负荷频率控制

针对含不确定建模误差和新能源接入的孤岛微电网,提出了一种结合有界L2增益基线控制和扰动补偿的综合负荷频率控制(LFC)方法。首先,推导了微电网的全驱模型,将建模误差和新能源的影响总结成一个综合扰动。为提高系统的鲁棒性,该综合扰动被定义成控制信号的对手玩家。进一步,关于扰动抑制的有界L2增益问题被等价成求解综合扰动和控制信号的零和博弈Nash均衡,由此推导出有界L2增益基线控制器。为改善频率的二次控制,设计了基于五阶广义积分观测器的扰动补偿控制,并在此基础上引入了一种针对发电速率约束(GRC)的新型抗发电速率约束(anti-GRC)措施。最后,搭建了16 MW的新能源-柴油混合微电网仿真模型,并在多种工况下对所提出的综合LFC方法进行测试,验证了其有效性。