Oxide scale formation on a C-steel surface has been investigated using linear heating rates ranging from 0.1℃/min to 10℃/min at high temperatures. The studies on the oxide scale formation at high temperature (650℃)...Oxide scale formation on a C-steel surface has been investigated using linear heating rates ranging from 0.1℃/min to 10℃/min at high temperatures. The studies on the oxide scale formation at high temperature (650℃) at slower heating rate (0.1℃/min) shows that the kinetic regime is linear. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the scale constituents are significantly influenced by the heating rate. The adherence of the scale was improved by using slower heating rate (0.1℃/min-≤650℃), while above such degree the scale was susceptible to cracking and flaking out of the alloy surface. In fact, the development of oxide growth stresses can cause considerable scale cracking. As well, variation of the crystallite sizes under the aforementioned conditions might affect the scale stacking to the alloy surface. The secondary electron detector images of the oxide scale shows that the scale was imperfectly smooth and there were a number of voids and defects in the scale skin, especially at fast heating rate. This observation could be attributed to defects of the as-received alloy. In general, slower heating rate reduced the defects of the scale and improved its adherence.展开更多
在这份报纸，网络拓扑学的关系和多代理人系统的动人的一致被学习。有静态的优先一致的附件的一个一致最快没有规模的网络模型在常规网络的给换新电线的连接上被介绍。拓扑学图的代数学的连接上的静态的优先一致的 BA 网络的效果与常规...在这份报纸，网络拓扑学的关系和多代理人系统的动人的一致被学习。有静态的优先一致的附件的一个一致最快没有规模的网络模型在常规网络的给换新电线的连接上被介绍。拓扑学图的代数学的连接上的静态的优先一致的 BA 网络的效果与常规网络相比。到延期的坚韧性获得与一样的规模为可变网络拓扑学被分析。到达一致的时间有或没有通讯延期为动态网络被学习。由使用计算机模拟，多代理人系统的集中的速度能极大地与不同配置在优先一致的 BA 网络模型被改进，这被验证。展开更多
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(2010-0007325)
文摘Oxide scale formation on a C-steel surface has been investigated using linear heating rates ranging from 0.1℃/min to 10℃/min at high temperatures. The studies on the oxide scale formation at high temperature (650℃) at slower heating rate (0.1℃/min) shows that the kinetic regime is linear. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the scale constituents are significantly influenced by the heating rate. The adherence of the scale was improved by using slower heating rate (0.1℃/min-≤650℃), while above such degree the scale was susceptible to cracking and flaking out of the alloy surface. In fact, the development of oxide growth stresses can cause considerable scale cracking. As well, variation of the crystallite sizes under the aforementioned conditions might affect the scale stacking to the alloy surface. The secondary electron detector images of the oxide scale shows that the scale was imperfectly smooth and there were a number of voids and defects in the scale skin, especially at fast heating rate. This observation could be attributed to defects of the as-received alloy. In general, slower heating rate reduced the defects of the scale and improved its adherence.
基金Supported in part by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 60774016 60875039+2 种基金 60904022 60805039the Science Foundation of Education Office of Shandong Province of China under Grant No. J08LJ01
文摘在这份报纸，网络拓扑学的关系和多代理人系统的动人的一致被学习。有静态的优先一致的附件的一个一致最快没有规模的网络模型在常规网络的给换新电线的连接上被介绍。拓扑学图的代数学的连接上的静态的优先一致的 BA 网络的效果与常规网络相比。到延期的坚韧性获得与一样的规模为可变网络拓扑学被分析。到达一致的时间有或没有通讯延期为动态网络被学习。由使用计算机模拟，多代理人系统的集中的速度能极大地与不同配置在优先一致的 BA 网络模型被改进，这被验证。
