Natural history of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinic without beds:A long-term prognosis over 10 years

BACKGROUND Several studies have explored the long-term prognosis of patients with asymp-tomatic gallbladder stones.These reports were primarily conducted in facilities equipped with beds for addressing symptomatic cases.AIM To report the long-term prognosis of patients with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without bed facilities.METHODS We investigated the prognoses of 237 patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds between March 2010 and October 2022.When symptoms developed,patients were transferred to hospitals where appropriate treatment was possible.We investigated the asymptomatic and survival periods during the follow-up.RESULTS Among the 237 patients,214(90.3%)remained asymptomatic,with a mean asymptomatic period of 3898.9279±46.871 d(50-4111 d,10.7 years on average).Biliary complications developed in 23 patients(9.7%),with a mean survival period of 4010.0285±31.2788 d(53-4112 d,10.9 years on average).No patient died of biliary complications.CONCLUSION The long-term prognosis of asymptomatic gallbladder stones in clinics without beds was favorable.When the condition became symptomatic,the patients were transferred to hospitals with beds that could address it;thus,no deaths related to biliary complications were reported.This finding suggests that follow-up care in clinics without beds is possible.

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in treatment of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND The incidence of cholelithiasis has been on the rise in recent years,but the choice of procedure is controversial.AIM To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD)in patients with gallbladder stones(GS)with common bile duct stones(CBDS).METHODS The clinical data of 102 patients with GS combined with CBDS were selected for retrospective analysis and divided into either an LC+EPBD group(n=50)or an LC+endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)group(n=52)according to surgical methods.Surgery-related indexes,postoperative recovery,postoperative complications,and expression levels of inflammatory response indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Total surgical time,stone free rate,rate of conversion to laparotomy,and successful stone extraction rate did not differ significantly between the LC+EPBD group and LC+EST group.Intraoperative hemorrhage,time to ambulation,and length of hospitalization in the LC+EPBD group were lower than those of the LC+EST group(P<0.05).The rate of total complications of the two groups was 9.80%and 17.65%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant.No serious complications occurred in either group.At 48 h postoperatively,the expression levels of interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,high-sensitivity Creactive protein,and procalcitonin were lower in the LC+EPBD group than in the LC+EST group(P<0.05).At 3 d postoperatively,the expression levels of aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,and total bilirubin were lower in the LC+EPBD group than in the LC+EST group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION LC combined with EPBD and LC combined with EST are both effective procedures for the treatment of GS with CBDS,in which LC combined with EPBD is beneficial to shorten the patient’s hospitalization time,reduce the magnitude of elevated inflammatory response indexes,and promote postoperative recovery.

Detection of gallbladder stones by dual-energy spectral computed tomography imaging

AIM:To evaluate the detectability of gallbladder stones by dual-energy spectral computed tomography(CT) imaging.METHODS:Totally 217 patients with surgically confirmed gallbladder stones were retrospectively analyzed who underwent single-source dual-energy CT scanning from August 2011 to December 2013. Polychromatic images were acquired. And post-processing software was used to reconstruct monochromatic(40 ke V and 140 ke V) images,and calcium-lipid pair-wise base substance was selected to acquire calcium base images and lipid base images. The above 5 groups of images were evaluated by two radiologists separately with 10-year experience in CT image reading. In the 5 groups of images,the cases in the positive group and negative group were counted and then the detection rate was calculated. The inter-observer agreement on the scoring results was analyzed by Kappa test,and the scoring results were analyzed by Wilcoxon test,with P < 0.05 indicating that the difference was statistically significant. The stone detection results of the 5 groups of images were analyzed by χ2 test.RESULTS:There was good inter-observer agreement(k = 0.772). In 217 patients with gallbladder stones,there was a statistically significant difference in stone visualization between spectral images(40 ke V,140 ke V,calcium base and lipid base images) and polychromatic images(P < 0.05). 40 ke V monochromatic images were better than 140 ke V monochromatic images(4.90 ± 0.35 vs 4.53 ± 1.15,P < 0.05),and calcium base images were superior to lipid base images(4.91 ± 0.43 vs 4.77 ± 0.63,P < 0.05),but there was no statisticallysignificant difference between 40 ke V monochromatic images and calcium base images(4.90 ± 0.35 vs 4.91 ± 0.43,P > 0.05). In 217 gallbladder stone patients,there were 21,3,28,5 and 12 negative stone cases in polychromatic images,40 ke V images,140 ke V images,calcium base images and lipid base images,respectively,and the differences among the five groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Monochromatic images and base substance images have a good clinical prospect in the iso-density stone detection.

Decreased postprandial gallbladder emptying in patients with black pigment stones

AIM: To analyze gallbladder contractility in patients with black pigment stones (BPSs) and to compare this with patients with cholesterol stones (CSs) and healthy volunteers. METHODS: The pattern of bile evacuation from the gallbladder was quantified by computer cholescintigraphy in 28 normal subjects, 22 patients with CSs and 14 with BPSs. The parameters of gallbladder contractility included ejection period (EP), ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER). RESULTS: A significantly shorter EP was observed in patients with BPSs in comparison to those with CSs (t = 2.4, P < 0.05). EF in BPS patients significantly decreased in comparison to that in CS and normal subjects (t = 6.4, P < 0.0001; t = 2.1, P < 0.05). EF in CS patients also significantly decreased in comparison to that in normal subjects (t = -3.0, P < 0.005). Consequently, ER in patients with BPSs and CSs was significantly smaller than that in normal subjects (t = 3.1, P < 0.005; t = -3.5, P < 0.001). Moreover, in cases where postprandial reflux of a radioisotope into the common hepatic duct from the gallbladder was observed, EF and ER of either CS or BPS patients showed a significant reduction. CONCLUSION: Bile evacuation from the gallbladder is reduced in patients with BPSs, in comparison to those with CSs and to healthy volunteers. Bile stagnation due to impaired gallbladder kinetics seems to be one of the predisposing factors for the development of BPSs.

Gallbladder motor function, plasma cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin receptor of gallbladder in cholesterol stone patients

AIM: To study the interactive relationship of gallbladder motor function, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and cholecystokinin A receptor (CCK-R) of gallbladder in patients with cholesterol stone disease.METHODS: Gallbladder motility was studied by ultrasonography in 33 patients with gallbladder stone and 10 health subjects as controls. Plasma CCK concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay in fasting status (CCK-f) and in 30 min after lipid test meal (CCK-30).Radioligand method was employed to analyze the amount and activity of CCK-R from 33 gallstone patients having cholecystectomy and 8 persons without gallstone died of severe trauma as controls.RESULTS: The percentage of cholesterol in the gallstone composition was more than 70%. The cholesterol stone type was indicated for the patients with gallbladder stone in this study. Based on the criterion of gallbladder residual fraction of the control group, 33 gallstone patients were divided into two subgroups, contractor group (14 cases)and non-contractor group (19 cases), The concentration of CCK-30 was significantly higher in non-contractor group than that in both contractor group and control group (55.86±3.86 pmol/l vs 37.85±0.88 pmol/l and 37.95±0.74 pmol/L, P＜0.01), but there was no difference between contractor group and control group. Meanwhile no significant difference of the concentration of CCK-f could be observed among three groups. The amount of CCK-R was lower in non-contractor group than those in both control group and contractor group (10.27±0.94 fmol/mg vs24.59±2.39 fmol/mg and 22.66±0.55 fmol/mg, P＜0.01).The activity of CCK-R shown as KD in non-contractor group decreased compared to that in control group and contractor group. Only was the activity of CCK-R lower in contractor group than that in control group. The ejection fraction correlated closely with the amount of CCK-R (r = 0.9683,P＜0.01), and the concentration of CCK-30 correlated negatively with the amount of CCK-R closely (r = -0.9627,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: The distinctive interactive relationship of gallbladder emptying, plasma CCK and CCK-R in gallbladder from this study suggested that the defect of CCK-R may be a key point leading to the impairment of gallbladder motor function and the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstoneformation may differ in two subgroups of gallstone patient,gallbladder non-contractor group or contractor group.

The Prevalence and Severity of Gallstones in Sickle Cell Disease in Kuwait

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disease affecting hemoglobin development. Complications may occur in all organs due to sickle cell hemoglobin. Gallstones may develop as the complication of the biliary system in SCD. Aim: To calculate the prevalence and severity of the biliary system complications in SCD. Method: A total of 220 patients with homozygous SCD were recruited. The prevalence of gallstones was estimated, and the severity of the biliary system complications was classified according to the condition of the gallstones;it was classified as grade 0 when no gallstones were detected, grade 1 when gallstones were present only in the gallbladder, grade 2 when gallstones were present in both the gallbladder and the common bile duct, and grade 3 when the patient had cholecystectomy due to gallstones. Results: The overall prevalence of gallstones and cholecystectomy was 51%;it was 22% in females and 29% in males. The prevalence of the severity of grade 0 was 49%, grade 1 was 14%, and grade 3 was 37%. Grade 2 prevalence was not calculated because this study was based on abdominal ultrasound only. Conclusion: The prevalence of gallstones in SCD is much higher than in the normal population, and more in males than in females. It begins at an early age during childhood due to several underlying etiological factors related to SCD. This study provided a simple grading of severity for the biliary system based on the gallbladder stone complication. The severity calculation in the biliary system is a part of the assessment of the severity in other systems in this multisystem chronic disorder.

Gallbladder Disorders Detected by Ultrasound

Patients who have disease of the biliary tract commonly present with acute right upper quadrant pain, nausea or vomiting, mid-epigastric pain, and/or jaundice. Etiologies include inflammation with or without infection, noninflammatory disorders, and benign or malignant neoplasms of the gallbladder or bile ducts. Ultrasound (US) is now accepted as the initial imaging modality of choice for the work-up of suspected biliary tract disease. A retrospective study was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital to discuss the protocol of ultrasound scanning in demonstrating incidence and complication of Gall-bladder (GB) pathologies. Known cases of GB pathologies (100 patients) were surveyed by ultrasound using spatial digital iU22 Philips Convex probe 3.5 MHz. All patients were evaluated with ultrasonogphy following the international scanning guidelines and protocols. The age of the patients is between (9 - 90) years, 68 Patients (68%) were females and 32 patients (32%) were males. Range of age group of accumulation for gallstone presence was (35 - 50) years in females and above 50 years in males. Incidence of gallbladder pathologies are 59% (female 46% and 13% male). Incidence of gallstone is 37%, and ratio of incidence is between male to female 1:3. Other pathologies of gallbladder were found to be acute cholecystities 12%, chronic cholocystities 5%, sludge 2%, carcinoma of the Gall-bladder 1%, Gall-bladder polyps 1% and Emphysematous choleycystities 1%. Ultransonography is a single imaging modality sufficient for evaluation of patient with suspected gallbladder pathologies (gallstone) which can provide information about the presence of gallstone and more over about site and cause of biliary tract obstruction. Ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific means for diagnosis of the gallbladder disorders.

Study on Effect of Laryngeal Mask Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation Anesthesia on Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gallbladder Surgery

Objective:To analyze the effect of laryngeal mask anesthesia and endotracheal intubation anesthesia in elderly laparoscopic gallbladder surgery.Methods:100 subjects of the experiment came from elderly patients with gallbladder stones admitted from September 2016 to September 2019 in our hospital.There were group A and group B of 50 cases each,and were used tube anesthesia and laryngeal mask anesthesia,then comparing the anesthesia effect.Results:Statistical significance(P<0.05):Air pressure and end-respiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure index changes when immediately after insertion,immediately after removal,3 minutes after removal;heart rate,mean arterial pressure,airway pressure,and end-expiratory carbon dioxide index changes when 3 minutes after insertion and immediately before removal;blood glucose and cortisol changes when after insertion,immediately before removal and min after removal.No statistical significance(P>0.05):Changes in heart rate,mean arterial pressure,airway pressure,and endexpiratory carbon dioxide indexes before insertion;changes in blood glucose and cortisol indexes before insertion.Conclusion:It is more ideal for elderly patients with abdominal cavity and gallbladder surgery to have laryngeal mask anesthesia,which can effectively keep blood circulation stable and have promotion value.

LC+LERV与LC+LCBDE治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果比较

目的通过对比分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜术中联合内镜(LERV)与LC+腹腔镜胆总管切开取石(LCBDE)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效,探讨两种手术方式的临床应用价值。方法前瞻性分析2021年12月至2023年5月江油市人民医院和潍坊市人民医院收治的110例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,按随机数字表法分为LC+LERV组(n=54)和LC+LCBDE组(n=56),对两组患者的手术成功率、术中出血量、手术时间、引流管留置时间、术后并发症、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、平均住院时间以及住院费用进行比较分析。结果与LC+LCBDE组相比,LC+LERV组手术成功率较低[47(87.04%)vs 56(100.00%),χ2=7.467,P=0.006],手术时间较长[(112.0±15.6)min vs(98.0±21.5)min,t=3.771,P<0.001],但引流管留置时间明显较短[(2.34±0.66)d vs(7.41±12.88)d,t=-2.693,P=0.008],两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在术中出血量、术后并发症发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组在术前、术后6 h、术后1 d及出院日VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后3 d LC+LCBDE组VAS评分高于LC+LERV组(P<0.05)。两组平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但LC+LERV组平均住院费用明显高于LC+LCBDE组[(25653.6±3317.0)元vs(17978.4±2158.0)元,t=14.219,P<0.001]。结论在治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石方面,LC+LCBDE和LC+LERV安全性上表现一致,LC+LERV术后舒适性更佳,但LC+LCBDE在治疗有效性、经济效率性方面更好,且LC+LCBDE可作为LC+LERV插管或取石失败后的补救术式。根据具体病情个性化选择手术方式,有利优势互补,获得最佳治疗效果。

老年胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者腹腔镜微创取石术后发生胰腺炎的危险因素及其预测效能

目的探讨老年胆囊结石(GS)合并胆总管结石(CBDS)患者腹腔镜微创取石术后发生胰腺炎的危险因素及预测效能。方法选择南阳市中心医院2020年1月至2023年1月收治的行腹腔镜微创取石术治疗的372例老年GS合并CBDS患者,根据术后是否发生胰腺炎分为胰腺炎组和非胰腺炎组。单因素和二元logistic回归分析老年GS合并CBDS患者腹腔镜微创取石术后并发胰腺炎的危险因素。结果372例老年GS合并CBDS患者行腹腔镜微创取石术后胰腺炎发生率为13.71%。胰腺炎组乳头旁憩室、胰管显影、行胰管括约肌切开术、胰腺支架与鼻胆管引流患者占比分别为68.63%、76.47%、58.82%、45.10%,高于非胰腺炎组的33.33%、34.89%、19.31%、21.50%(P<0.05)。乳头旁憩室、胰管显影、胰腺支架与鼻胆管引流、行胰管括约肌切开术为老年GS合并CBDS患者腹腔镜微创取石术后并发胰腺炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。logistic回归模型对老年GS合并CBDS患者腹腔镜微创取石术后并发胰腺炎的曲线下面积为0.860(95%CI:0.792~0.933),敏感度为90.20%,特异度为67.29%。结论老年GS合并CBDS患者腹腔镜微创取石术后并发胰腺炎风险较高,主要与乳头旁憩室、胰管显影、胰腺支架与鼻胆管引流、行胰管括约肌切开术等因素有关,基于上述因素构建预测模型具有良好预测效能,对上述危险因素进行针对性预防干预,可减少术后胰腺炎的发生,改善患者的预后。

胆囊癌伴胆囊结石的临床特点分析

目的评估已接受手术治疗的胆囊癌患者中,胆囊结石的数量和大小对预后价值的影响。方法回顾性收集和研究了2010年5月至2020年12月间接受手术治疗的胆囊癌患者的临床数据。通过门诊和电话跟踪患者的生存状态或死亡情况,随访至2022年5月结束。比较了胆囊结石的大小和数量对生存的影响。结果在此研究中,66名患者的数据完整且能够进行有效的随访,中位随访时间为37.0个月,中位生存时间为14.8个月。患者1年、3年和5年累积生存率分别为60.61%、32.97%和21.98%。单因素分析结果显示,手术类型、肝脏侵犯、TNM分期、肿瘤组织分化程度和浸润深度是影响胆囊癌患者预后的因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,手术类型和肿瘤组织分化程度是影响胆囊癌患者预后生存的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。对于合并胆囊结石的43名胆囊癌患者的多因素分析结果显示,手术类型和胆囊结石的大小是影响这些患者预后生存的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论对于早期或晚期肿瘤的患者,进行根治性手术显著提高了他们的生存率。合并胆囊结石的胆囊癌患者中,结石小于1厘米可能预示着更好的预后。

腹腔镜下胆道镜保胆取石术治疗胆囊结石患者的效果

目的探讨腹腔镜下胆道镜保胆取石术(LRCL)治疗胆囊结石患者的效果。方法选取2019年1月至2022年1月医院收治的120例胆囊结石患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,每组60例。对照组实施腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC),试验组行腹腔镜下LRCL。比较两组取石成功率、术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间,术前及术后1、3、5 d的疼痛程度[采用数字分级法(NRS)评估],术前、术后5 d的应激反应指标[皮质醇(COR)、肾上腺素(AD)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)]水平,以及术后并发症发生率。结果两组取石成功率均为100%,无残留结石,无中转开腹。试验组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组NRS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1、3、5 d,两组NRS评分均逐渐降低,且试验组各时间点NRS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组COR、AD、ACTH水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后5 d,两组COR、AD、ACTH水平均高于术前,但试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胆囊结石患者行腹腔镜下LRCL的取石成功率与LC相当,且具有术中出血量少、手术时间短、术后排气快及住院时间短等优势,同时可减轻术后疼痛感,减轻应激反应,降低并发症发生率。

肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热型胆囊胆固醇沉着症动物模型建立与评价

目的:初步建立并评价肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热证型的胆囊胆固醇沉着症小鼠模型,为深入研究该病的发病机制、病理变化,探索临床治疗方案提供模型支持。方法:48只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,随机分为空白对照组(WT)、造模3周组(LD-3)、造模6周组(LD-6)、造模9周组(LD-9),每组12只。WT组给予普通饲料+正常饮用水喂养,造模组分别给予3、6、9周高脂高胆固醇饲料+正常饮用水喂养。在造模期间,每日观察小鼠一般情况,分别在3、6、9周麻醉后处死动物,眼眶取血,检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量,取组织标本,采用尼罗红染色观察胆囊脂质沉积情况,红外光谱分析胆汁成分;胆固醇代谢指标:免疫组化法检测肝脏三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A组1(ABCA1)蛋白表达,进行模型评价。结果:与WT组相比,各组造模小鼠体重显著增加(P<0.05);血清TC水平显著升高(P<0.05),血清TG水平明显降低(P<0.05);胆囊脂质沉积显著,胆汁混浊度增加;肝脏ABCA1蛋白表达明显增加。结论:本研究成功建立小鼠胆囊胆固醇沉着症模型构建方法,符合临床特征。并成功建立肝郁气滞、肝胆湿热证型的疾病证候类型,可为后续针对胆囊胆固醇沉着症发病机制及治疗方法研究提供稳定的动物模型。

胆囊结石病人ERCP术后非计划性拔管的影响因素

目的:探讨胆囊结石内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后非计划拔管的影响因素,降低病人非计划性拔管率。方法:选取2020年6月—2022年12月消化科收治的152例行ERCP的胆囊结石病人为研究对象。按照病人是否发生非计划性拔管分为拔管组14例、未拔管组138例,分析病人术后非计划性拔管的影响因素。结果:152例胆囊结石病人ERCP术后发生非计划性拔管14例,发生率为9.2%;Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、意识状况、健康教育、家属陪护情况、胆囊结石直径和数量、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白是病人非计划性拔管的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄、意识状况、健康教育、家属陪护情况、胆囊结石直径和数量、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白是ERCP术后非计划性拔管的影响因素,护理人员应给予针对性护理,以降低非计划拔管率。

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石与ERCP对胆管结石合并胆囊结石患者术后恢复及远期随访结果的影响

目的:对比腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对胆管结石合并胆囊结石患者术后恢复及远期随访结果的影响。方法:将本院2019年5月至2022年5月收治的128例胆管结石合并胆囊结石患者依据手术方式分为腹腔镜组(n=66,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术)和ERCP组(n=62,ERCP术)。对比两组的一次手术成功率、手术时间、术中出血量、温氏孔/鼻胆管引流时间;比较两组的术后首次排气时间、下地活动时间、住院时间、住院费用。对比两组术后并发症,观察两组术后2年的结石复发率。结果:腹腔镜组的一次手术成功率高于ERCP组,手术时间、术中出血量高于ERCP组,温氏孔/鼻胆管引流时间短于ERCP组(P<0.05);腹腔镜组的术后首次排气时间、下地活动时间、术后住院时间相较于ERCP组缩短,住院费用相较于ERCP组增加(P<0.05);两组的术后并发症情况比较差异不明显(P>0.05);术后2年内,腹腔镜组的结石复发率明显低于ERCP组(P<0.05)。结论:对胆管结石合并胆囊结石患者应用腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术与ERCP均可取得明显的效果,其中腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术相比于ERCP术的术后恢复较快,远期复发率低,但手术费用较高。

肠易激综合征及其亚型与胆囊结石的相关性分析

目的分析肠易激综合征(IBS)及其亚型与胆囊结石的相关性。方法选取2019年1月-2023年3月于解放军总医院第六医学中心消化内科就诊的患者556例,其中IBS组161例,非IBS组395例。对研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查及血液检查,比较两组性别、年龄、身高、体重、血压、血生化指标等资料。采用logistic回归分析IBS与胆囊结石的关系。结果556例患者中胆囊结石90例(16.2%),其中IBS组胆囊结石37例(23.0%),非IBS组胆囊结石53例(13.4%),IBS组胆囊结石患病率高于非IBS组(P<0.05)。IBS组胆囊泥沙样结石6例(3.7%),非IBS组胆囊泥沙样结石3例(0.8%),IBS组患者胆囊泥沙样结石患病率高于非IBS组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,年龄、BMI、总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆固醇(TC)及合并IBS是胆囊结石的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。161例IBS患者中,腹泻型IBS 114例,其中胆囊结石26例(22.8%);便秘型IBS47例,其中胆囊结石11例(23.4%);395例非IBS患者中胆囊结石53例(13.4%)。腹泻型IBS组的胆囊结石患病率高于非IBS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。便秘型IBS组与非IBS组的胆囊结石患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论IBS与胆囊结石间存在相关性。与非IBS患者比较,腹泻型IBS患者罹患胆囊结石的风险增加。

“三镜”联合手术治疗老年与非老年胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的效果对比

目的探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜及十二指肠镜三镜联合微创手术对老年胆总管结石合并胆囊结石病人的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析自2020年9月至2022年7月因胆总管结石合并胆囊结石就诊于华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,同期行腹腔镜、胆道镜及十二指肠镜三镜联合手术的病人,总计65例病人纳入本研究,男性36例,女性29例,年龄范围为20~87岁。其中老年组(年龄≥60岁)病人32例,非老年组(年龄<60岁)病人33例。收集病人手术时间、术中出血量、胆总管直径、术后住院时间、术后并发症、手术费用等临床数据。结果老年组总住院时间高于非老年组[(14.5±3.6)d比(12.5±4.3)d,P<0.05],在手术时间、术中出血量、首次进食时间、术后住院时间、住院费用及术后总并发症[12.5%(4/32)比6.1%(2/33)]方面,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论“三镜”联合术式在老年胆总管结石合并胆囊结石病人和非老年胆总管结石合并胆囊结石病人中效果无明显差异,对老年病人是一种安全、有效的术式。

幽门螺杆菌感染与胆囊结石相关性的研究进展

胆囊结石是胆道系统的常见疾病,其结石的形成涉及多因素,有研究发现胆囊结石的发生发展与幽门螺杆菌感染有关,因此根除幽门螺杆菌对预防胆囊结石很有必要,但二者之间的联系有待进一步研究。笔者从检验的角度,综述了国内外关于幽门螺杆菌感染与胆囊结石之间关系的研究进展,包括胆囊结石和幽门螺杆菌的检测方法、幽门螺杆菌感染与胆囊结石的关系及幽门螺杆菌感染致胆囊结石的机制等,以期为临床囊胆结石的治疗提供依据,助力缓解患者症状、提高生活质量。但该研究缺少对幽门螺杆菌根除者的胆囊结石发病率和复发率的研究,而且目前尚不清楚根除胃内幽门螺杆菌的现有方案是否足以清除胆道内的幽门螺杆菌,这将成为笔者今后研究的重点。

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆道镜经胆囊管探查取石术对胆囊合并胆总管结石患者手术相关指标及并发症的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合胆道镜经胆囊管探查取石术(LTCBDE)治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石患者的应用价值。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月我院收治的96例胆囊合并胆总管结石患者为研究对象,基于随机数字表法规范化分为两组各48例,对照组实行开腹手术,观察组实行微创手术即LC+LTCBDE,观察对比两组手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率、炎症因子水平、肝功能指标。结果与对照组做对比,观察组术中出血量低,手术用时短,术后下床活动、肛门排气及住院时间均更短(P<0.05);与对照组做对比,观察组术后并发症发生率低(P<0.05);术后3d,两组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、AMY水平均升高,其中观察组较对照组相对低(P<0.05);术后,两组AST、ALT、TBi L、ALP水平均升高,且术后3d观察组以上指标均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论胆囊合并胆总管结石患者实施LC+LTCBDE治疗,相较于开腹胆囊切除胆总管探查术(OCBDE),患者损伤小,便于恢复,且并发症风险低,加快术后康复进程,其治疗安全性及有效性兼顾。

胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石治疗效果及其logistic回归分析

目的:基于logistic回归分析胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石治疗效果及其影响因素,为临床防治提供参考依据。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年1月南阳市第一人民医院收治的150例胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石患者作为研究对象,均行腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)术,随访1年,根据术后是否复发进行分组,对两组相关因素进行单因素和多因素非条件的logistic回归分析。结果:随访显示,150例胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石患者中,术后有18例结石残留,残留率为12.00%(18/150);术后37例复发,纳入观察组,复发率为24.67%(37/150),未复发113例,纳入对照组。观察组胆固醇水平、胆总管直径、乳头旁憩室、胰管反复显影、胆管角成角、合并炎症患者比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.745、7.037、15.270、10.784、20.156、23.180,P<0.05)。胆固醇水平(>5.72 mmol/L)、胆总管直径(≥1.5 cm)、乳头旁憩室、胰管反复显影、合并炎症是胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石术后复发危险因素,胆总管成角(>120°)是保护因素。结论:胆固醇水平、胆总管直径、乳头旁憩室、胰管反复显影、胆管角、合并炎症是胆囊结石合并胆总管多发结石术后复发的影响因素,临床应重视此类患者的术前评估及术后操作,以降低术后结石复发风险。