Electroacupuncture (EA) Speeds Up the Regulation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Acute Surgical Trauma Rats: Mediated by Hypothalamic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)_AReceptors

Hypothalamic Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) directly activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) during the surgical trauma induced stress response. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been demonstrated to have stress relieving effects in breast surgery, colorectal surgery, prostatectomy and craniotomy. This study was aimed to investigate the hypothesis that EA could regulate hypothalamic CRF in surgical trauma rats. In experiment one, Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into intact, model (10% partial hepatectomy), sham EA and EA group. Rats from the Sham EA and EA group were stimulated at ST36-Zusanli and SP6-Sanyiniiao acupoints twice, 24 hours before the surgery and immediately after the surgery. Expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR, GABA receptors, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Corticosterone (CORT) were observed at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the surgery by radioimmunoassay (RIA), western blot, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In the experiment two, SD male rats were divided into the intact, model, model + vehicle, model + L-838,417 EA and EA + L838,417 group. It was found that hypothalamus CRF, serum ACTH and CORT levels were increased in model group compared with the intact group, and those in the EA group decreased in comparison with the model group. Compared with the model group, hypothalamus-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor Aα3 mRNA and protein expressions of the EA group raised strikingly. In conclusion, EA alleviated surgical stress response by improving the GABA synthesis in hypothalamus, thus enhancing GABA receptors’ inhibitory regulation of the HPA axis dysfunction in rats with acute surgical trauma.

Effects of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid on Performance of Lactating Sows during Heat Weather

[ Objective] To study the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） on performance of lactating sows during heat stress. [ Metbod] A total of 14 sows at the same parity and with close expected date of childbirth and similar body we：,ght were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. They were fed a common basal diet and a GABA （300 mg/kg） supplementary diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 21 d. [ Result ] The daily feed intake, lactation yield and average daily gain of piglets in the experimental group were increased by 9.4%, 28.5% and 10.7%, respectively. The backfat of lactating sows was decreased less, and the same with the weaning-oestrus interval. The survival ratio of piglets was increased by 4.5%. Compared with the control group, the content of lactose and fat increased significantly, but other components almost did not change. [Conclusien] Supplementing GABA in diet can improve the performance of lactating sows and promote the growth of piglets effectively.

Hippocampal and cortical expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in pentylenetetrazol-induced chronic epileptic rats

BACKGROUND： Gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter plays an important role in gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism, and is highly associated with epilepsy seizures. Pathologically, astrocytes release active substances that alter neuronal excitability, and it has been demonstrated that astrocytes play a role in epileptic seizures. OBJECTIVE： To observe changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the hippocampus and cortex of the temporal lobe in rats with pentylenetetrazol-induced chronic epilepsy. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurobiology, Third Military University of Chinese PLA between January 2006 and December 2007. MATERIALS： Pentylenetetrazol was purchased from Sigma, USA; rabbit anti-rat gammaaminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were from Chemicon, USA. METHODS： A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into model and control groups. Rat models of chronic epilepsy were created by pentylenetetrazol kindling, and were subdivided into 3-, 7-, and 14-day kindling subgroups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, as well as the number of positive cells in the hippocampus and cortex of temporal lobe of rats, were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS： Compared with the control group, the number of gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein -positive cells in the hippocampus and cortex of rats with pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy significantly increased, gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression increased after 3 days of kindling, reached a peak on day 7, and remained at elevated levels at day 14 （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Astrocytic activation and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 overexpression may contribute to pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit expression in rat spiral ganglion neurons

BACKGROUND： Gamma-aminobutyric acid A （GABAA） and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptors are significant receptors in the central nervous system. An understanding of GABAA and NMDA receptor expression in spiral ganglion neurons （SGN） provides information for the functional role of these receptors in the auditory system. OBJECTIVE： To investigate mRNA expression of GABAA receptor （GABAAR） and NMDA receptor （NMDAR） subunits in the rat SGN. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This in vitro, molecular biological study was performed at the Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Medical University, China from July 2007 to May 2008. MATERIALS： Reverse Transcriptase Kit and Taq DNA polymerase were purchased from Fermentas Burlington, ON, Canada; GABAAR and NMDAR primers were purchased from Shanghai Sangon, Shanghai, China. METHODS： SGN from 3-5 day postnatal Wistar rats was collected for primary cultures, mRNA expression of GABAAR and NMDAR subunits in the SGN was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression levels of GABAAR and NMDAR subunits were determined by quantitative analysis. RESULTS： GABAAR subunits （αl 6, β1 3, and y1 3） and NMDAR subunits （NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B） were detected in the SGN. In α subunit genes of GABAAR, α1 and α3 expression was similar （P 〉 0.05） and greater than the other subunits. Of the β subunit genes, β1 subunit mRNA levels were greater than β2 and β3. Of the y subunit genes, y2 subunit mRNA levels were greater than y1 and y3. NR1 mRNA expression was the greatest of NMDAR subunits. CONCLUSION： GABAAR subunits （α1 6, β1-3, and y1-3） and NMDAR subunits （NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B） were expressed in the rat SGN. Through comparison of GABAAR and NMDAR subunit expression, possible GABAAR combinations, as well as highly expressed subunit combinations, were estimated, which provided information for pharmacological and electrophysiological characteristics of GABAAR in the auditory system.

Sodium glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid affect iron metabolism in the rat caudate putamen

Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） influence iron content in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus, although the mechanisms of action remain unclear. The present study measured iron content and changes in divalent metal transporter 1 （DMT1） and hephaestin expression in the substantia nigra and caudate putamen, and explored the effects of GABA and glutamic acid on iron metabolism. Results demonstrated that iron content and DMT1 non iron response element [DMT1 （-IRE）] expression were significantly greater but hephaestin expression was significantly lower in the caudate putamen of the monosodium glutamate group compared with the control group. No significant difference in iron content was detected between the GABA and control groups. DMT1 （-IRE） expression was significantly reduced, but hephaestin expressiori was significantly increased in the GABA group compared with the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in tyrosine hydroxylase expression between monosodium glutamate and GABA groups and the control group. These results suggested that glutamate affected iron metabolism in the caudate putamen by increasing DMTI（-IRE） and decreasing hephaestin expression. In addition, GABA decreased DMT1 （-IRE） expression in the caudate putamen.

Motor inhibition efficiency in healthy aging: the role of γ-aminobutyric acid

The ability to cancel a motor response is critical for optimal functioning in various facets of daily life. Hence, efficient inhibitory motor control is a key function throughout the lifespan. Considering the fact that inhibitory motor function gradually declines with advancing age, it is not surprising that the study of motor inhibition in this age group is gaining considerable interest. In general, we can distinguish between two prominent types of motor inhibition, namely proactive and reactive inhibition. Whereas the anticipation for upcoming stops(proactive inhibition) appears readily preserved at older age, the ability to stop an already planned or initiated action(reactive inhibition) generally declines with advancing age. The differential impact of aging on proactive and reactive inhibition at the behavioral level prompts questions about the neural architecture underlying both types of inhibitory motor control. Here we will not only highlight the underlying structural brain properties of proactive and reactive inhibitory control but we will also discuss recent developments in brain-behavioral approaches, namely the registration of neurochemical compounds using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This technique allows for the direct detection of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, i.e., γ-aminobutyric acid, across the broader cortical/subcortical territory, thereby opening new perspectives for better understanding the neural mechanisms mediating efficient inhibitory control in the context of healthy aging. Ultimately, these insights may contribute to the development of interventions specifically designed to counteract age-related declines in motor inhibition.

Γ-Aminobutyric acid promotes methionine-choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis（NASH） is one of the most common liver diseases and a major cause of liver fibrosis worldwide.r-Aminobutyric acid（GABA） is one of the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.Recently,it has been reported that GABAergic signaling pathways are found in various non-neuronal tissues including the immune system and play a functional role.In the present study,we investigated whether administration of GABA has effects on NASH through its immunomodulatory effects.To test this hypothesis,C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine-choline-deficient（MCD） diet for 8 weeks.After four weeks into MCD feeding,mice were provided with plain water（control） or water containing 2 mg/mL of GABA for the subsequent 4 weeks.Using this MCD diet-induced NASH model,we found that mice receiving GABA showed more severe steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis than control mice.This increased liver damage was confirmed by higher levels of serum alanine transaminase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） compared to the control group.In accordance with increased liver steatohepatitis,NASH-related and inflammatory gene expression（collagen al,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,TNF-α） in the liver was markedly increased in GABA-treated mice.Furthermore,GABA directly enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS activated RAW macrophage cells and increased TIB-73 hepatocyte death.Such effects were abolished when GABA was treated with bicuculline,a competitive antagonist of GABA receptors.These results suggest that oral administration of GABA may be involved in changes of the liver immune milieu and conferred detrimental effects on NASH progression.

黄芩抗斑马鱼焦虑的作用及靶向GABA受体的分子对接研究

目的:研究黄芩50%乙醇提取物对1-(3-氯苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐(mCPP)致焦虑的斑马鱼焦虑状态的治疗作用及可能的作用机制。方法:抗焦虑研究:选取受精后10、30 d的斑马鱼分为空白组、模型组(0.1 nmol/L mCPP)、给药组(不同浓度黄芩提取物+0.1 nmol/L mCPP),Zebralab软件分析斑马鱼的平均移动距离。采用分子对接软件Autodock Vina分析黄芩中的12种主要成分与γ-氨基丁酸A型受体(GABAAR)的结合能,初步确定潜在的活性组分。结果:黄芩50%乙醇提取物对mCPP诱导的受精后10、30 d斑马鱼焦虑均有抑制作用,其中受精后30 d斑马鱼空白组、模型组(0.1 nmol/L mCPP)和给药组(200µg/mL+0.1 nmol/L mCPP)的平均移动距离分别为3633、4280、3894 mm,说明200µg/mL黄芩提取物可以减缓0.1 nmol/L mCPP对受精后30 d龄斑马鱼的焦虑行为。同时斑马鱼的焦虑行为符合趋触性。11种黄芩活性成分与GABAAR结合能强于原配体地西泮的结合能(-7.2 kcal/mol),白杨素的结合力最强(-8.8 kcal/mol),主要成分黄芩素、黄芩苷、汉黄芩素和汉黄芩苷的结合力也较强,分别为-8.3、-7.7、-8.3、-7.3 kcal/mol。预测黄芩苷等黄酮类成分是黄芩治疗焦虑主要物质基础。结论:黄芩具有抗斑马鱼焦虑的确切疗效,其活性机制可能与黄芩黄酮类成分激活GABAAR有关。

GABA信号通路对脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤内质网应激和线粒体自噬的影响

目的探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)信号通路对脓毒症大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)内质网应激(ERS)和线粒体自噬的影响。方法SD大鼠分为CON组、Model组、GABA信号通路激活剂巴氯芬组(巴氯芬组)、GABA信号通路抑制剂荷包牡丹碱(BIC)组(BIC组),每组6只。巴氯芬组腹腔注射5 mg/kg的巴氯芬,BIC组腹腔注射1 mg/kg BIC,每日1次,连续处理2周。CON组、Model组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞色素C(Cyt.C)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)水平;透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察肺组织细胞超微形态;HE染色观察肺组织病理形态;TUNEL染色观察肺组织细胞凋亡;Western blot检测肺组织GABAAR、GRP78、CHOP蛋白表达。结果与Model组相比,巴氯芬组肺肿胀、充血、炎性细胞浸润现象改善,肺损伤评分、MDA含量、凋亡指数、Cyt.C和NADPH水平、GRP78和CHOP蛋白水平降低(P<0.05),吞噬线粒体的自噬性空泡数量、SOD含量、GABAAR蛋白水平增加(P<0.05),而BIC组以上指标结果与巴氯芬组趋势相反。结论活化GABA信号通路可改善脓毒症大鼠ALI。

盐胁迫下玉米幼苗ABA和GABA的积累及其相互关系

盐胁迫下玉米幼苗内源脱落酸(abscisicacid,ABA)和γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyricacid,GABA)含量增加,且ABA的积累先于GABA.用100μmol/L外源ABA和150mmol/LNacl处理使玉米幼苗内源GABA含量增加,NaCl和ABA同时处理时,对玉米幼苗GABA积累的诱导表现加合效应.ABA生物合成抑制剂氟草酮预处理后使盐胁迫诱导的GABA含量增加幅度减小,说明在盐胁迫下ABA调节GBAA积累.NaCl和ABA处理均刺激谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的活性,推测盐胁迫下ABA通过调控GAD的活性而导致GABA积累.

发芽过程中大豆生理活性和GABA等物质含量变化及相关性研究

研究了大豆发芽过程中生理活性和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)等物质含量的变化,并对指标间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:随着培养温度的升高和时间的延长,大豆芽菜的生长加快,呼吸作用增强,可溶性糖含量下降,还原糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和GABA含量升高,干物质含量随发芽时间的延长呈下降趋势。相关性分析表明,GABA的富集量与芽长(r=0.888)、呼吸强度(r=0.917),可溶性蛋白(r=0.878)和游离氨基酸(r=0.943)具有极显著的正相关,但是和干物质含量具有极显著的负相关(r=-0.915)。综合考虑大豆芽菜品质和GABA累积量等因素,大豆在30℃避光发芽5 d,是生产富含GABA豆芽的合适条件。

高效液相色谱法测定发芽麦粒中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量

建立了一种测定发芽麦粒中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量的HPLC方法,并对四川10个小麦品种中GABA含量差异及其发芽培养期间变化规律进行了分析。采用FDNB(2,4-二硝基氟苯)为柱前衍生剂,色谱条件为:色谱柱Luna C18_((2))(150 mm×4.60 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.02 mmol/L乙酸铵混合溶液为流动相(V:V=15:85),柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL/min,测定波长320 nm。结果表明,在0.025 5~0.127 6μg范围内,呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限1.081×10^(-5)μg/mL,方法的平均加标回收率为97%。采用建立的方法测定不同小麦品种在萌发12 h后的GABA含量在0.238~5.26 mg/100 g之间,不同品种间GABA的含量差异显著,在萌发的0~12 h内,GABA含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在8 h时含量达到最高。

海洛因使大鼠背侧海马功能和Glu/GABA递质系统紊乱

目的探讨海洛因依赖对大鼠背侧海马神经元功能以及海马谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)递质系统的影响。方法按剂量逐日递增原则,1日2次,连续9 d皮下注射海洛因建立其依赖SD大鼠模型。采用玻璃微电极细胞外记录大鼠海马神经元自发放电,比较放电形式和频率的变化。并用氨基酸自动分析仪测定大鼠海马Glu和GABA含量。结果海洛因依赖组大鼠背侧海马神经元放电以中频(51.02%)、单个不匀(61.22%)为主,对照组则以低频(58.70%)为主,形式分布均一(P<0.05);海洛因对腹侧海马神经元放电无影响(P>0.05);依赖大鼠海马Glu含量下降,GABA含量增加(P>0.05),Glu/GABA比值低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论海洛因更易损伤大鼠背侧海马神经元功能;Glu/GABA递质系统的紊乱可能是海洛因损害大鼠学习记忆能力的机制之一。

羟丁酸钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及与GABA的关系

目的 研究羟丁酸钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及该作用与γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)的关系。方法 采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,观察损伤大鼠行为功能缺失并称量脑梗死区域组织重量。用高效液相 -荧光法测定大鼠脑脊液中氨基酸的含量并计算GABA/Glu的比值。结果 羟丁酸钠可明显降低缺血再灌注后大鼠行为学评分分值 ,减小脑梗死组织重量 ,增加GA BA/Glu的比值。结论 羟丁酸钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用 ,该作用与其提高抑制性氨基酸GABA的含量 ,维持脑内兴奋性氨基酸和抑制性氨基酸的动态平衡 。

神经干细胞原代培养及GABA能神经元的诱导分化

目的 探讨神经干细胞的原代培养及γ 氨基丁酸 (GABA)能神经元的诱导分化。方法 取孕 16dWistar大鼠的胚鼠全脑 ,进行体外培养 ,并对培养的神经干细胞以及诱导分化的GABA能神经元进行鉴定。结果 培养 2 4h后 ,出现 2～ 4个细胞的细胞球。分化 2d后 ,神经球贴壁后伸出细长突起 ,并可和周边神经球伸出的突起连接。神经球周边可见大量散在贴壁的双极或多极细胞。免疫荧光染色可见神经球均有nestin、NF2 0 0、GFAP阳性细胞。取第 3代神经球行GABA能神经元定向分化。分化 2 4h后 ,实验组细胞球贴壁。 3d后 ,实验组细胞球周边有大量散在分布细胞贴壁生长 ,胞体圆形较大 ,有 1～ 2个细长突起。免疫荧光显示 ,实验组周边散在的贴壁细胞多为GAD6 5阳性细胞。GAD6 5阳性细胞分化率实验组 (85 .97± 2 .78) %、对照组 (18.16± 2 .2 9) % ,P <0 .0 1。结论本实验利用寡核苷酸序列特异性阻断了bHLH基因家族的调控因子之一Hes1,解除了其对bHLH的抑制 ,促进了神经干细胞向神经元的分化。实验还发现 ,阻断Hes1后大大提高了神经干细胞向GA BA神经元分化的比率。

咪达唑仑对神经病理性痛大鼠DRG神经元GABA-AR激活电流的增强作用

目的:观察大鼠坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤(chronic constriction injury CCI)致神经病理性痛后,咪达唑仑对背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG)神经元上γ-氨基丁酸A受体(gamma-aminobutyricacid A receptor,GABA-AR)激活电流的调控作用。方法:运用全细胞膜片钳技术,记录假手术、CCI组、正常组GABA-AR激活电流的变化、以及咪达唑仑对坐骨神经慢性压迫性损伤后GABA-AR激活电流的影响。结果:CCI组GABA(0.1～1000μmol/L)激活的电流幅值显著小于假手术组和正常组。假手术组和正常组由GABA(0.1～1000μmol/L)激活的电流幅值差异无统计学意义。不同浓度咪达唑仑(0.03～100μmol/L)对CCI组GABA-AR激活电流均有增强作用,且随咪达唑仑浓度升高,对DRG神经元GABA-AR激活电流的增强率逐渐升高,3.00μmol/L咪达唑仑时达峰值(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:在CCI组中,DRG神经元GABA-AR功能的改变导致的突触前抑制作用的减弱可能是疼痛产生的关键因素之一。咪达唑仑对CCI组GABA-AR功能有增强作用,增强GABA-AR参与突触前抑制作用,可能是其在脊髓水平产生镇痛的机制之一。

中华绒螯蟹眼柄MTXO细胞GABA受体通道研究

采用全细胞膜片钳技术测定了中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheirsinensis)眼柄视神经节端髓X器官 (MTXO)三种类型神经内分泌细胞对 0 0 1～ 5mmol/Lγ氨基丁酸 (γ aminobutyricacid ,GABA)的反应 ,并结合选择性拮抗剂和激动剂的使用进行了GABA受体研究 .在电流钳模式下 ,依据不同NernstCl-电位 ,三种类型细胞均对GABA产生去极化或超级化反应 .在电压钳模式下 ,GABA激活Cl-通道电流 (IGABA) .IGABA在灌流GABA后约12 0 0ms内激活 ,80 0ms内达到峰值 ,没有明显的脱敏反应 ,反转电位接近NernstCl-电位 .IGABA幅值呈浓度依赖性 ,激活阈值为 0 0 1mmol/L ,约在 0 5mmol/L达到饱和 .药理学实验结果表明 ,中华绒螯蟹眼柄神经内分泌细胞GABA受体是Cl-通道蛋白 ,对Cl-离子通道阻断剂Picrotoxin和Niflumicacid敏感 ,但是对GABAA 受体拮抗剂Bicuculline和GABAC 受体激动剂cis 4 aminocrotonicacid (CACA)和trans 4 aminocrotonic (TACA)均不敏感 .

Ca^(2+)浸泡处理对发芽糙米生理指标和GABA等物质含量的影响

本文研究了外源Ca2+对糙米在浸泡发芽过程中生长状况、呼吸强度和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)等几种物质含量的影响。结果表明,Ca2+处理浓度在0.5～2.5mmol/L时可加速糙米生长,处理浓度为10mmol/L时抑制其生长;Ca2+能提高发芽糙米的呼吸强度,有利于GABA的积累和抑制Glu,且浓度越高,效果越明显;但对可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸、淀粉和还原糖含量的影响不显著。

针刺八脉交会穴联合活血荣络颗粒对脑梗死痉挛性瘫痪患者GABA、Gly水平的干预研究

目的观察针刺八脉交会穴联合活血荣络颗粒对脑梗死痉挛性瘫痪患者GABA、Gly水平的干预研究。方法将60例脑梗死痉挛性瘫痪患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,对照组予以基础治疗,治疗组在对照组基础治疗上加用活血荣络颗粒,并联用针刺八脉交会穴,共治疗6个疗程。在治疗前及治疗半个月、1个月、3个月观察中国神经功能缺损程度评分(CSS量表)、日常生活能力评价(ADL量表),应用高效液相色谱法测定血清?-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(Gly),并比较其疗效。结果治疗半个月,两组CSS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),组间比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),两组ADL评分(Barthel指数积分)均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),组间比较差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),两组血清GABA表达均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组血清Gly表达均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1个月,两组CSS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),组间比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),两组ADL评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),组间比较差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),两组血清GABA和Gly表达均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),组间差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗3个月,两组CSS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),组间比较差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),两组ADL评分均较治疗前升高(P<0.01),组间比较差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组血清GABA和Gly表达均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),并趋向于正常,组间差异无显著统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针刺八脉交会穴联合活血荣络颗粒治疗脑梗死恢复期痉挛性瘫痪患者疗效确切,其作用可能与有效升高抑制性神经递质(GABA、Gly)有关。

乳酸菌SK005发酵产GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)的条件优化

GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)是一种天然存在的功能性氨基酸,具有降低血压、改善脑功能、镇静、增强长期记忆及提高肝、肾机能等生理活性。通过对乳酸菌SK005发酵产GABA的条件设计了一系列优化实验,得到了最佳的发酵条件。以一次回归正交设计实验,运用方差分析确定了最佳的发酵温度,发酵时间,培养基起始pH。安排五水平正交实验研究豆粕粉,玉米浆粉,酵母味素,葡萄糖,K2PHO4,MSG对发酵产GABA的影响,逐步回归法找出主要影响因子:豆粕粉,玉米浆粉,MSG。利用中心组合设计与响应面分析进一步考察这三个主要影响因子,确定了最佳培养基的组成及浓度。乳酸菌SK005发酵产GABA的优化发酵条件为发酵温度30℃,发酵时间2d,培养基起始pH6.8,培养基成分葡萄糖5g/L,豆粕粉21.5g/L,玉米浆粉21.8g/L,MSG9.5g/L,实验结果有良好的重现性,GABA产量达5.4g/L。