Electroacupuncture (EA) Speeds Up the Regulation of Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Acute Surgical Trauma Rats: Mediated by Hypothalamic Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)_AReceptors

Hypothalamic Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) directly activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis) during the surgical trauma induced stress response. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been demonstrated to have stress relieving effects in breast surgery, colorectal surgery, prostatectomy and craniotomy. This study was aimed to investigate the hypothesis that EA could regulate hypothalamic CRF in surgical trauma rats. In experiment one, Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into intact, model (10% partial hepatectomy), sham EA and EA group. Rats from the Sham EA and EA group were stimulated at ST36-Zusanli and SP6-Sanyiniiao acupoints twice, 24 hours before the surgery and immediately after the surgery. Expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR, GABA receptors, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and Corticosterone (CORT) were observed at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the surgery by radioimmunoassay (RIA), western blot, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In the experiment two, SD male rats were divided into the intact, model, model + vehicle, model + L-838,417 EA and EA + L838,417 group. It was found that hypothalamus CRF, serum ACTH and CORT levels were increased in model group compared with the intact group, and those in the EA group decreased in comparison with the model group. Compared with the model group, hypothalamus-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor Aα3 mRNA and protein expressions of the EA group raised strikingly. In conclusion, EA alleviated surgical stress response by improving the GABA synthesis in hypothalamus, thus enhancing GABA receptors’ inhibitory regulation of the HPA axis dysfunction in rats with acute surgical trauma.

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients caused by downregulation of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor subunits

BACKGROUND The expression pattern of gamma aminobutyric acid(GABA)receptor subunits are commonly altered in patients with schizophrenia,which may lead to nerve excitation/inhibition problems,affecting cognition,emotion,and behavior.AIM To explore GABA receptor expression and its relationship with schizophrenia and to provide insights into more effective treatments.METHODS This case-control study enrolled 126 patients with schizophrenia treated at our hospital and 126 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period.The expression levels of the GABA receptor subunits were detected using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The recognized cognitive battery tool,the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,was used to evaluate the scores for various dimensions of cognitive function.The correlation between GABA receptor subunit downregulation and schizophrenia was also analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences in GABA receptor subunit levels were found between the case and control groups(P<0.05).A significant difference was also found between the case and control groups in terms of cognitive function measures,including attention/alertness and learning ability(P<0.05).Specifically,as the expression levels of GABRA1(α1 subunit gene),GABRB2(β2 subunit gene),GABRD(δsubunit),and GABRE(εsubunit)decreased,the severity of the patients’condition increased gradually,indicating a positive correlation between the downregulation of these 4 receptor subunits and schizophrenia(P<0.05).However,the expression levels of GABRA5(α5 subunit gene)and GABRA6(α6 subunit gene)showed no significant correlation with schizophrenia(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Downregulation of the GABA receptor subunits is positively correlated with schizophrenia.In other words,when GABA receptor subunits are downregulated in patients,cognitive impairment becomes more severe.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid promotes human hepatocellular carcinoma growth through overexpressed gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α3 subunit

AIM:To investigate the expression pattern of gamma-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA) receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and indicate the relationship among gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α3 subunit(GABRA3) and HCC.METHODS:HCC cell line Chang,HepG2,normal liver cell line L-02 and 8 samples of HCC tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues were analyzed with semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for the expression of GABAA receptors.HepG2 cells were treated with gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) at serial concentrations(0,1,10,20,40 and 60 μmol/L),and their proliferating abilities were analyzed with the 3-(4,5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay,cell doubling time test,colon formation assay,cell cycle analysis and tumor planted in nude mice.Small interfering RNA was used for knocking down the endogenous GABRA3 in HepG2.Proliferating abilities of these cells treated with or without GABA were analyzed.RESULTS:We identified the overexpression of GABRA3 in HCC cells.Knockdown of endogenous GABRA3 expression in HepG2 attenuated HCC cell growth,suggesting its role in HCC cell viability.We determined the in vitro and in vivo effect of GABA in the proliferation of GABRA3-positive cell lines,and found that GABA increased HCC growth in a dose-dependent manner.Notably,the addition of GABA into the cell culture medium promoted the proliferation of GABRA3-expressing HepG2 cells,but not GABRA3-knockdown HepG2 cells.This means that GABA stimulates HepG2 cell growth through GABRA3.CONCLUSION:GABA and GABRA3 play important roles in HCC development and progression and can be a promising molecular target for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HCC.

Evolution of neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid,glutamate and their receptors

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and glutamate are two important amino acid neurotransmitters widely present in the nervous systems of mammals,insects,round worm,and platyhelminths,while their receptors are quite diversified across different animal phyla.However,the evolutionary mechanisms between the two conserved neurotransmitters and their diversified receptors remain elusive,and antagonistic interactions between GABA and glutamate signal transduction systems,in particular,have begun to attract significant attention.In this review,we summarize the extant results on the origin and evolution of GABA and glutamate,as well as their receptors,and analyze possible evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships of various GABAs and glutamate receptors.We further discuss the evolutionary history of Excitatory/Neutral Amino Acid Transporter(EAAT),a transport protein,which plays an important role in the GABA-glutamate“yin and yang”balanced regulation.Finally,based on current advances,we propose several potential directions of future research.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit expression in rat spiral ganglion neurons

BACKGROUND： Gamma-aminobutyric acid A （GABAA） and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptors are significant receptors in the central nervous system. An understanding of GABAA and NMDA receptor expression in spiral ganglion neurons （SGN） provides information for the functional role of these receptors in the auditory system. OBJECTIVE： To investigate mRNA expression of GABAA receptor （GABAAR） and NMDA receptor （NMDAR） subunits in the rat SGN. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This in vitro, molecular biological study was performed at the Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangxi Medical University, China from July 2007 to May 2008. MATERIALS： Reverse Transcriptase Kit and Taq DNA polymerase were purchased from Fermentas Burlington, ON, Canada; GABAAR and NMDAR primers were purchased from Shanghai Sangon, Shanghai, China. METHODS： SGN from 3-5 day postnatal Wistar rats was collected for primary cultures, mRNA expression of GABAAR and NMDAR subunits in the SGN was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Expression levels of GABAAR and NMDAR subunits were determined by quantitative analysis. RESULTS： GABAAR subunits （αl 6, β1 3, and y1 3） and NMDAR subunits （NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B） were detected in the SGN. In α subunit genes of GABAAR, α1 and α3 expression was similar （P 〉 0.05） and greater than the other subunits. Of the β subunit genes, β1 subunit mRNA levels were greater than β2 and β3. Of the y subunit genes, y2 subunit mRNA levels were greater than y1 and y3. NR1 mRNA expression was the greatest of NMDAR subunits. CONCLUSION： GABAAR subunits （α1 6, β1-3, and y1-3） and NMDAR subunits （NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D, NR3A, and NR3B） were expressed in the rat SGN. Through comparison of GABAAR and NMDAR subunit expression, possible GABAAR combinations, as well as highly expressed subunit combinations, were estimated, which provided information for pharmacological and electrophysiological characteristics of GABAAR in the auditory system.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors in Alzheimer＇s disease： highly localized remodeling of a complex and diverse signaling pathway

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the predominant form of dementia, is a chronic, incurable neurodegenerative disorder presenting with symptoms includ- ing progressive memory loss and disturbed emotional state. It has been estimated that dementia affects over 47 million people worldwide （Prince et al., 2015）, and with 60-80% of cases attributable to AD.

Evolution of neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and their receptors

Gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and glutamate are two important amino acid neurotransmitters widely present in the nervous systems of mammals, insects, round worm, and platyhelminths, while their receptors are quite diversified across different animal phyla. However, the evolutionary mechanisms between the two conserved neurotransmitters and their diversified receptors remain elusive, and antagonistic interactions between GABA and glutamate signal transduction systems, in particular, have began to attract significant attention. In this review, we summarize the extant results on the origin and evolution of GABA and glutamate, as well as their receptors, and analyze possible evolutionary processes and phylogenetic relationships of various GABAs and glutamate receptors. We further discuss the evolutionary history of Excitatory/Neutral Amino Acid Transporter （EAAT）, a transport protein, which plays an important role in the GABA-glutamate ＂yin and yang＂ balanced regulation. Finally, based on current advances, we propose several potential directions of future research.

Effects of Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist Eritrane on neurogenesis and gamma-aminobutyric acid glutamate balance in prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of depressive rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist Eritrane on neurogenesis and gamma-aminobutyric acid glutamate balance in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of depressive rats.Methods:100 healthy SD rats were divided into healthy control group, blank control group and Eritram group (low dose group, medium dose group and high dose group), 20 rats in each group. The depression model of rats in blank control group and Salvia miltiorrhiza group was established. After the completion of the model, rats in the blank control group were injected with normal saline and rats in the Eritrean group were injected with high, medium and low doses of Eritrean injection respectively. After 21 days of continuous administration, the total distance of spontaneous activity, the immobility time of forced swimming, the levels of gamma-aminobutyric glutamate (GABA), glutamate (Glu) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) protein in prefrontal lobe and hippocampal neurons were measured and compared. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between TLR4 and GABA, Glu levels in depressive rats.Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the total spontaneous activity distance of the blank control group and Eritrean group decreased significantly, and the immobility time of forced swimming increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the blank control group and Eritrean group (P<0.05). The rats in Eritrean group spontaneously survived with the increase of dose. The total distance increased, while the immobility time of forced swimming decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of GABA in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus of rats in blank control group and Eritrean group decreased significantly, the levels of Glu and TLR4 increased significantly, and the levels of GABA in Eritrean group were higher than those in blank control group, and the levels of Glu and TLR4 were lower than those in blank control group. TLR4 and TLR4 decreased significantly (P<0.05). Pearson correlation test showed that TLR4 was negatively correlated with GABA and positively correlated with Glu (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eritrean can reduce the effects of depression on the neurogenesis of prefrontal lobe and hippocampal neurons and the balance of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate in rats. The mechanism is that Eritrean can increase the level of GABA and decrease the level of Glu by antagonizing Toll-like receptor 4, thus exerting the neuroprotective effect of prefrontal lobe and hippocampal neurons.

MicroRNA-502-3p regulates GABAergic synapse function in hippocampal neurons

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons,the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain,have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia.Our previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p(miR-502-3p)and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 in Alzheimer's disease synapses.This study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse function.In vitro studies were perfo rmed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and antagomiRs.In silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 mRNA.Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase activity.Furthermore,quantitative reve rse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,miRNA in situ hybridization,immunoblotting,and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 level,while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 protein.Notably,as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p,cell viability was found to be reduced,and the population of necrotic cells was found to be increased.The whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney(HEK)recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function,suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse function.Additionally,the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer s disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p suppression.The present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by miR-502-3p.We propose that micro-RNA,in particular miR-502-3p,could be a potential therapeutic to rget to modulate GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's diseaserelated dementia.

Suppression of Human Liver Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion via the GABA_A Receptor

Objective To investigate the roles of the y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC. Methods The expression levels of GABA receptor subunit genes in various HCC cell lines and patients＇ tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Transwell cell migration and invasion assays were carried out for functional analysis. The effects of GABA on liver cancer cell cytoskeletal were determined by immunofluorescence staining. And the effects of GABA on HCC metastasis in nude mice were evaluated using an in vivo orthotopic model of liver cancer. Results The mRNA level of GABA receptor subunits varied between the primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. GABA inhibited human liver cancer cell migration and invasion via the ionotropic GABAA receptor as a result of the induction of liver cancer cell cytoskeletal reorganization. Pretreatment with GABA also significantly reduced intrahepatic liver metastasis and primary tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions These findings introduce a potential and novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer patients based on the modulation of the GABAergic system.

GABA stimulates human hepatocellular carcinoma growth through overexpressed GABAA receptor theta subunit

AIM: To investigate the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor θ subunit (GABRQ) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting the expression of GABRQ receptor among HCC cell line HepG2, normal liver cell line L-02, non-malignant Chang's liver cells, 8 samples of HCC tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues. HepG2 cells were treated with GABA at serial concentrations (0, 1, 10, 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L), and their proliferating abilities were analyzed with the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, cell cycle analysis and tumor implanted in nude mice. Small interfering RNA was used for knocking down the endogenous GABRQ in HepG2. Proliferating abilities of these cells treated with or without GABA were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified the overexpression of GABRQ in HCC cell lines and half of the tested HCC tissues. Knockdown of endogenous GABRQ expression in HepG2 attenuated HCC cell growth, suggesting its role in HCC cell viability. We studied the effect of GABA in the proliferation of GABRQ-positive cell lines in vitro and in vivo , and found that GABA increased HCC growth in a dosedependent manner. Notably, the addition of GABA into the cell culture medium promoted the proliferation of GABRQ-expressing HepG2 cells, but not GABRQ-knockdown HepG2 cells, which means that GABA stimulates HepG2 cell growth through GABRQ. CONCLUSION: GABRQ play important roles in HCC development and progression and could be a promising molecular target for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of HCC.

海洛因诱导大鼠伏隔核NMDA受体亚基对GABA表达的影响

目的:研究大鼠伏隔核(NAc)在海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱(CPP)状态及戒断状态下,NMDA受体亚基NR2B和NR2C对GABA表达的调控,探索GABA能神经元上NR2B和NR2C亚基在海洛因诱导中的作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为两组,即对照组和海洛因诱导组。海洛因诱导组又分为海洛因诱导CPP状态和海洛因戒断状态。采用海洛因小剂量递增法皮下连续注射7 d,建立海洛因诱导CPP模型,再自然戒断7 d,免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠伏隔核GABA和NR2B、NR2C亚基的位置关系。结果:采用小剂量递增法连续注射7 d海洛因,大鼠形成了稳定的海洛因诱导CPP模型。免疫荧光染色结果可见,各组大鼠伏隔核均有GABA、NR2B和NR2C表达,且GABA与NR2B及NR2C受体均有共表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,海洛因成瘾状态大鼠伏隔核GABA表达量明显高于对照组和戒断状态,具显著性差异(P<0.01)。戒断状态大鼠GABA表达量最低。结论:GABA的表达变化受NMDA受体亚基活性的影响;NR2B亚基对GABA的调控作用可能参与了海洛因依赖的复燃。

海藻酸诱导复杂部分发作癫痫大鼠海马GABA_A受体α_1亚单位的表达

目的:研究海藻酸(KA)致痫大鼠海马GABAA受体α1亚单位的动态表达水平以及加巴喷丁(GBP)干预对它们的影响,探讨复杂部分发作癫痫(CPS)的发生机制,为开发针对GABA受体亚单位水平的新型抗癫痫药物(AEDs)提供理论依据。方法:成年雄性Wistar大鼠海马CA3区注射2μgKA建立复杂部分发作模型,采用免疫组化SABC法检测癫痫大鼠海马各区GABAA受体α1亚单位(GABAARα1)的动态表达水平,并用GBP干预癫痫的发作观察GBP对GABAARα1表达的影响。结果:KA致痫后海马CA1区、CA3区GABAARα1表达呈先升后降趋势,齿状回(DG)表达水平则逐渐增加。GBP对癫痫早期GABAARα1表达无直接影响。结论:在KA诱导的CPS模型中,GABAARα1表达减少和由此所引起的抑制功能减弱,可能是癫痫发生的一种分子机制。

周边γ-氨基丁酸通过GABA_B受体调控骶髓后联合核神经元谷氨酸能突触

目的研究突触周边γ-氨基丁酸(ambient GABA)通过GABAB受体调控骶髓后联合核(SDCN)神经元谷氨酸能突触的机制。方法在急性切取的骶段脊髓薄片上,利用全细胞膜片钳法记录骶髓后联合核神经元谷氨酸能兴奋性突触后电流(EPSCs),将GABAB受体用其特异性受体拮抗剂CGP52432阻断,观察谷氨酸突触终末上的GABAB受体被周边GABA作用的影响。结果在突触后GABAB受体被从胞内阻断的条件下,再灌流CGP52432阻断谷氨酸能突触前GABAB受体,可增加刺激引发的EPSCs(eEPSCs)幅度;改变配对刺激的两个EPSC比率(paired-pulse ratio,PPR),并激发沉默突触(silent synapse)。但CGP52432对微小兴奋性突触后电流(mEPSCs)无影响。结论位于SDCN神经元谷氨酸能突触前的GABAB受体受周边GABA调控。这种影响参与调节谷氨酸释放并可能参与痛觉信息在脊髓水平的传递。

脑内GABA能神经元对红藻氨酸中枢性心血管效应的影响

采用侧脑室微最注射法证明,谷氯酸受体哑型激动剂红藻氨酸(KA)可依剂量性地升高大鼠血压和加快心率。预先给予GABA合成抑制剂氮基脲140 mg/kg ip或GABA拮抗剂印防己毒1 mg/kg iv均可明显增强KA的作用;而GABA转氨酶抑制剂氨氧乙酸25μg/rat icv明显减弱KA的作用。结果表明,脑内GABA能神经元功能受抑,KA的中枢性心血管效应增强。从而推测,脑内GABA能神经元与谷氯酸能神经元之间相互制约,共同参与中枢性调节心血管的活动。

溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠中GABA的变化及其受体的表达

目的:应用HPLC法测定结肠中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量,并用免疫组化法检测GABA受体的表达,探讨GABA在溃疡性结肠炎发病中的作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠16只随机分为对照组、实验组,对照组自由饮用蒸馏水,实验组自由饮用含3%DSS的蒸馏水7d以诱导建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,1周后处死所有动物,分离结肠,结肠组织匀浆,应用HPLC法测定结肠组织中GABA含量;HE染色镜下观察病理变化,免疫组化法SP法检测病变组织GABAA受体、GABAB受体的表达水平。结果:实验组大鼠大肠组织内GABA浓度为(698.6±23.5)ng/ml,对照组大鼠大肠组织内GABA浓度为(220±15.9)ng/ml,实验组GABA含量较正常组升高明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。镜下实验组以及对照组均能看到阳性表达细胞,受体染色主要在细胞膜及胞浆。与对照组相比,实验组大肠镜下GABA受体阳性细胞明显增多,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05))。结论:溃疡性结肠炎的发生发展与结肠组织GABA的增高有关,GABA主要通过其GABAA受体参与溃疡性结肠炎的病理生理过程。其可能机制尚需做进一步的研究。

植物GABA信号途径研究

GABA在植物发育中的研究已有70多年,但GABA参与信号途径涉及的许多关键科学问题仍悬而未决.其中,GABA受体、GABA是否可以远距离运输的问题阐明仍然是制约GABA在农作物调控运用中的关键科学问题.最近的研究揭示了类谷氨酸受体GLR(glutamate receptor-like)胞外LAOBP-Like和LIVBP-Like结构域可能具有GABA信号分子结合的潜在靶点.此外,新型GABA检测荧光探针(iGABASnFR)的开发为回答这些科学问题提供了基本的方法和技术手段.为回答GABA调控农作物发育信号途径的两个关键科学问题,对GLR胞外结构域进行了进一步研究,筛选出特异性响应GABA的候选受体蛋白,同时构建了适合植物体系的GABA和Ca^(2+)的荧光探针,动态追踪GABA的动态变化,为最终阐释GABA调控植物的信号途径奠定了理论和方法基础.

不同致惊药物对小鼠不同脑区^3H—GABA与GABAA受体结合的影响

用放射配体受体结合分析法，测定致惊药物红藻氨酸（ｋａｉｎｉｃ， Ｋ Ａ）和印防己毒素（ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ， Ｐｉｃ）对小白鼠下丘脑、大脑皮层、海马、小脑四个脑区３ Ｈ Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ 和 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体结合的影响。结果显示， Ｋ Ａ、 Ｐｉｃ均能明显降低各脑区３ Ｈ Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ和 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体的结合量，除 Ｐｉｃ 对下丘脑无显著差异外，其余均有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜０．０５ 或 Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。实验结果提示： Ｋ Ａ 和 Ｐｉｃ均能降低 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体的结合量，但是它们是通过不同的途径间接或直接地影响 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ

大鼠局灶性脑缺血后GABA_A受体亚基α2和α3在梗死对侧皮层表达的动态变化

目的研究大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注后,梗死对侧皮层氨基丁酸A(GABAA)受体α2和α3亚基的表达变化。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)再灌注模型,分为MCAO组(n=18)和假手术组(n=18),分别于术后7d、30d和6个月断头取脑,采用免疫组织化学技术检测各组中梗死对侧皮层GABAA受体亚基α2和α3的表达情况。结果 MCAO组大鼠与假手术组大鼠相比,在7d时梗死对侧亚基α2和α3在皮层各个脑区改变无明显差异(P>0.05);30d和6个月时,亚基α3在各个脑区均显著升高(P<0.05);30d时亚基α2在梗死对侧的Par1和Par2脑区表达增加(P<0.05);6个月时,梗死对侧亚基α2在Par1脑区表达增加而在Par2脑区表达降低(P<0.05)。结论大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注后梗死塞对侧皮层GABAA受体亚基α2和α3发生了广泛而长效的变化,这种变化提示脑缺血后GABAA受体功能受损,GABAA受体的改变可能参与了缺血后突触的重塑和神经网络重建。

小鼠惊厥时孕烯醇酮及其硫酸盐对GABA_A受体的调制作用

在建立稳定的红藻氨酸 (KA)诱发小鼠惊厥模型的基础上 ,用放射配体受体结合分析法 ,研究孕烯醇酮 (Pe)及其拮抗剂孕烯醇酮硫酸盐 (Pes)对小鼠下丘脑、大脑皮层、海马和小脑四个脑区γ 氨基丁酸A(GABAA)受体的调制作用。结果显示 ,Pe能增加某些脑区3H GABA与GABAA 受体的结合量 ,下丘脑、海马和小脑差异显著 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 0 1) ,而大脑皮层差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。Pe对GABAA 受体的调制作用能被印防己毒素 (Pic)阻断 ,对KA的致惊效应具有抑制作用。Pes能显著降低各脑区GABAA 受体的结合量 (P<0 0 1或P <0 0 0 1) ,对惊厥有促进作用。实验结果提示 :孕烯醇酮具有明显的镇静和抗惊厥效应 ,并且可能是通过GABAA