受政策的改变以及对新兴领域项目投资缺少足够认知的影响,管理者的项目投资行为往往呈现一定的不确定性。针对企业管理者在进行项目组合投资决策时存在一定风险偏好的情况,本文基于信息间隙决策理论(Information Gap Decision Theory,IG...受政策的改变以及对新兴领域项目投资缺少足够认知的影响,管理者的项目投资行为往往呈现一定的不确定性。针对企业管理者在进行项目组合投资决策时存在一定风险偏好的情况,本文基于信息间隙决策理论(Information Gap Decision Theory,IGDT),引入净现值偏差系数对管理者的风险偏好进行描述,构建了考虑投资不确定性的项目组合选择新模型。采用包络约束对投资金额不确定性进行描述,给出风险规避与机会寻求两种策略下的项目组合选择IGDT优化模型,并将其转化成单层规划模型进行求解。通过算例仿真,验证了模型的有效性。结果表明:IGDT优化模型不仅满足了管理者投资的预期净现值要求,而且给出了最优的投资金额与项目选择结果。本文构建模型可以为管理者在项目风险管控和资金管理优化方面提供参考。展开更多
The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui ...The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui Province. The production status and limiting factors of wheat in three rice-wheat rotation regions which are named Region Ⅰ,Region Ⅱ and Region Ⅲ were surveyed by using participatory rural appraisal method. The personnel,who were engaged in wheat production in rice-wheat rotation regions of Anhui Province,mainly ageing from 41 to 60,accounted for 79% of the total personnel in the regions. There were significant differences in yield of wheat which was planted after rice in Anhui. The yield was ranging from 8 907. 00 to 2 700. 00 kg/ha from north to south with an average of 4 978. 5 kg/ha,and the rank of overall average yields at province level was Region Ⅰ( 5 685. 60 kg/ha) > Region Ⅱ( 5 600. 10 kg/ha) > Region Ⅲ( 3 048. 60 kg/ha). The average yield gap of wheat in wheat-rice rotation regions at province level was up to 2 637. 00 kg/ha,and the extreme yield gaps per hectare in the same region were 2 778. 00 kg( Region Ⅰ),2 502. 00 kg( Region Ⅱ) and 1 575. 00 kg( Region Ⅲ) respectively. The objective constraints were Fusarium head blight and pre-harvest sprouting;the subjective constraints were variety selection and layout,poor sowing quality and low seedling quality;social constraints were high cost,low market price and poor efficiency;and ecological constraints were poor soil texture,soil infertility and poor water-and-fertilizer retention. The yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions can be effectively reduced by improving yield potential of low-and-medium-yielding fields. Selecting appropriate wheat varieties and layout,constructing disease forecast system,improving agricultural machinery and social service organizations of plant protection,and strengthening scientific training as well as technological training of new agricultural operators and agricultural machinery technicians are the core means to narrowing the yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions at province scale.展开更多
间隙约束的序列模式挖掘是一种特殊形式的序列模式挖掘方法,该方法能够揭示一定间隔下的频繁出现(发生)的子序列。但当前间隙约束的序列模式挖掘方法只关注正序列模式的挖掘,忽略了事件中的缺失行为。为解决该问题,探索了周期间隙约束...间隙约束的序列模式挖掘是一种特殊形式的序列模式挖掘方法,该方法能够揭示一定间隔下的频繁出现(发生)的子序列。但当前间隙约束的序列模式挖掘方法只关注正序列模式的挖掘,忽略了事件中的缺失行为。为解决该问题,探索了周期间隙约束的负序列模式(Negative Sequential Pattern with Periodic Gap Constraints,NSPG)挖掘方法,该方法能够更灵活地反映元素与元素之间的关系。为高效求解NSPG挖掘问题,提出了NSPG-INtree(Incomplete Nettrees)算法,该算法主要包括两个步骤:候选模式生成和支持度计算。在候选模式生成方面,为了减少候选模式的数量,该算法采用模式连接策略;在支持度计算方面,为了提高模式支持度计算效率并减少空间消耗,该算法采用不完整网树结构计算模式支持度。实验结果表明,NSPG-INtree算法不仅具有较高的挖掘效率,而且能同时挖掘间隙约束的正序列模式和负序列模式。与其他间隙约束的序列模式挖掘算法相比,NSPG-INtree能够多发现209%~352%的模式;与不同策略的对比算法相比,NSPG-INtree能够缩短6%~38%的运行时间。展开更多
为应对大规模分布式电源DG(distribution generation)接入给配电网带来的挑战,考虑DG出力的不确定性以及电网储能投资成本的有限性,提出基于信息间隙决策理论IGDT(information gap decision theory)-机会约束的配电网最大DG可开放容量...为应对大规模分布式电源DG(distribution generation)接入给配电网带来的挑战,考虑DG出力的不确定性以及电网储能投资成本的有限性,提出基于信息间隙决策理论IGDT(information gap decision theory)-机会约束的配电网最大DG可开放容量评估方法。首先,以最大化DG可开放容量为目标,综合考虑储能投资成本以及节点电压和线路容量机会约束等约束,建立基于IGDT-机会约束的配电网最大DG可开放容量评估模型;其次,对IGDT模型中的max项、机会约束以及网络重构等相关约束进行转化,并利用Cplex求解器对转化后的混合整数线性规划模型进行求解;最后,通过某地区有源中压配电网实例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。展开更多
具有通配符间隙约束的模式匹配问题在信息检索、计算生物学和序列模式挖掘等研究领域有重要的应用.提出了更一般性的模式匹配问题,即一般间隙和长度约束的严格模式匹配(strict pattern matching with general gaps and length constrain...具有通配符间隙约束的模式匹配问题在信息检索、计算生物学和序列模式挖掘等研究领域有重要的应用.提出了更一般性的模式匹配问题,即一般间隙和长度约束的严格模式匹配(strict pattern matching with general gaps and length constraints,简称SPANGLO).该问题具有如下4个特点:它是一种严格的精确模式匹配;允许序列中任意位置的字符被多次使用;模式串中可以包含多个一般间隙;对出现的总体长度进行了约束.最坏情况下,一个SPANGLO实例将转换出指数个非负间隙的严格模式匹配实例.为了有效地解决该问题,提出了子网树及其相关概念和性质.在此基础上提出了求解算法SubnettreeSpanglo(SETS),并给出算法的正确性和完备性证明,同时指出该算法的空间复杂度与时间复杂度分别为O(m MaxLen W)和O(MaxLen W m2 n),其中,m,n,MaxLen和W分别是模式和序列的长度、出现的最大长度约束和模式的最大间距.实验结果既验证了SPANGLO问题转换方法的正确性,又验证了该算法的正确性和有效性.展开更多
大规模清洁能源的接入对电力系统的运行调度提出了严峻的挑战。将多种具有不同发电特性的清洁能源纳入到日前调度计划中统筹考虑有助于提高系统的安全性和经济性。为此,提出了含风-光-核-水-火的多源联合优化机组组合模型。所提模型同...大规模清洁能源的接入对电力系统的运行调度提出了严峻的挑战。将多种具有不同发电特性的清洁能源纳入到日前调度计划中统筹考虑有助于提高系统的安全性和经济性。为此,提出了含风-光-核-水-火的多源联合优化机组组合模型。所提模型同时考虑了网络安全约束和线路损耗的影响,在保证调度结果精确性的同时最大限度地降低计算的复杂度。针对该模型存在的不确定参数,引入信息间隙决策理论（information gap decision theory,IGDT）对其进行建模,分别得到鲁棒模型和机会模型,进而为调度运行提供合理的决策基础。最后,对改进的含有54台火电机组、8台梯级水电机组、5个风电场和1台核电机组的IEEE 118节点系统进行测试,测试结果验证了所提模型和算法的正确性和有效性。展开更多
文摘受政策的改变以及对新兴领域项目投资缺少足够认知的影响,管理者的项目投资行为往往呈现一定的不确定性。针对企业管理者在进行项目组合投资决策时存在一定风险偏好的情况,本文基于信息间隙决策理论(Information Gap Decision Theory,IGDT),引入净现值偏差系数对管理者的风险偏好进行描述,构建了考虑投资不确定性的项目组合选择新模型。采用包络约束对投资金额不确定性进行描述,给出风险规避与机会寻求两种策略下的项目组合选择IGDT优化模型,并将其转化成单层规划模型进行求解。通过算例仿真,验证了模型的有效性。结果表明:IGDT优化模型不仅满足了管理者投资的预期净现值要求,而且给出了最优的投资金额与项目选择结果。本文构建模型可以为管理者在项目风险管控和资金管理优化方面提供参考。
基金National Key Research and Development Program Fund of China(2016YFD0300107)Initiative Funds for Talented Scientists in Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16F0202).
文摘The present study was planned to analyze the yield gap of wheat and its production constraints in order to explore the approaches for narrowing the yield gap of wheat in different wheat-rice rotation regions of Anhui Province. The production status and limiting factors of wheat in three rice-wheat rotation regions which are named Region Ⅰ,Region Ⅱ and Region Ⅲ were surveyed by using participatory rural appraisal method. The personnel,who were engaged in wheat production in rice-wheat rotation regions of Anhui Province,mainly ageing from 41 to 60,accounted for 79% of the total personnel in the regions. There were significant differences in yield of wheat which was planted after rice in Anhui. The yield was ranging from 8 907. 00 to 2 700. 00 kg/ha from north to south with an average of 4 978. 5 kg/ha,and the rank of overall average yields at province level was Region Ⅰ( 5 685. 60 kg/ha) > Region Ⅱ( 5 600. 10 kg/ha) > Region Ⅲ( 3 048. 60 kg/ha). The average yield gap of wheat in wheat-rice rotation regions at province level was up to 2 637. 00 kg/ha,and the extreme yield gaps per hectare in the same region were 2 778. 00 kg( Region Ⅰ),2 502. 00 kg( Region Ⅱ) and 1 575. 00 kg( Region Ⅲ) respectively. The objective constraints were Fusarium head blight and pre-harvest sprouting;the subjective constraints were variety selection and layout,poor sowing quality and low seedling quality;social constraints were high cost,low market price and poor efficiency;and ecological constraints were poor soil texture,soil infertility and poor water-and-fertilizer retention. The yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions can be effectively reduced by improving yield potential of low-and-medium-yielding fields. Selecting appropriate wheat varieties and layout,constructing disease forecast system,improving agricultural machinery and social service organizations of plant protection,and strengthening scientific training as well as technological training of new agricultural operators and agricultural machinery technicians are the core means to narrowing the yield gap of wheat in rice-wheat rotation regions at province scale.
文摘间隙约束的序列模式挖掘是一种特殊形式的序列模式挖掘方法,该方法能够揭示一定间隔下的频繁出现(发生)的子序列。但当前间隙约束的序列模式挖掘方法只关注正序列模式的挖掘,忽略了事件中的缺失行为。为解决该问题,探索了周期间隙约束的负序列模式(Negative Sequential Pattern with Periodic Gap Constraints,NSPG)挖掘方法,该方法能够更灵活地反映元素与元素之间的关系。为高效求解NSPG挖掘问题,提出了NSPG-INtree(Incomplete Nettrees)算法,该算法主要包括两个步骤:候选模式生成和支持度计算。在候选模式生成方面,为了减少候选模式的数量,该算法采用模式连接策略;在支持度计算方面,为了提高模式支持度计算效率并减少空间消耗,该算法采用不完整网树结构计算模式支持度。实验结果表明,NSPG-INtree算法不仅具有较高的挖掘效率,而且能同时挖掘间隙约束的正序列模式和负序列模式。与其他间隙约束的序列模式挖掘算法相比,NSPG-INtree能够多发现209%~352%的模式;与不同策略的对比算法相比,NSPG-INtree能够缩短6%~38%的运行时间。
文摘为应对大规模分布式电源DG(distribution generation)接入给配电网带来的挑战,考虑DG出力的不确定性以及电网储能投资成本的有限性,提出基于信息间隙决策理论IGDT(information gap decision theory)-机会约束的配电网最大DG可开放容量评估方法。首先,以最大化DG可开放容量为目标,综合考虑储能投资成本以及节点电压和线路容量机会约束等约束,建立基于IGDT-机会约束的配电网最大DG可开放容量评估模型;其次,对IGDT模型中的max项、机会约束以及网络重构等相关约束进行转化,并利用Cplex求解器对转化后的混合整数线性规划模型进行求解;最后,通过某地区有源中压配电网实例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性。
文摘具有通配符间隙约束的模式匹配问题在信息检索、计算生物学和序列模式挖掘等研究领域有重要的应用.提出了更一般性的模式匹配问题,即一般间隙和长度约束的严格模式匹配(strict pattern matching with general gaps and length constraints,简称SPANGLO).该问题具有如下4个特点:它是一种严格的精确模式匹配;允许序列中任意位置的字符被多次使用;模式串中可以包含多个一般间隙;对出现的总体长度进行了约束.最坏情况下,一个SPANGLO实例将转换出指数个非负间隙的严格模式匹配实例.为了有效地解决该问题,提出了子网树及其相关概念和性质.在此基础上提出了求解算法SubnettreeSpanglo(SETS),并给出算法的正确性和完备性证明,同时指出该算法的空间复杂度与时间复杂度分别为O(m MaxLen W)和O(MaxLen W m2 n),其中,m,n,MaxLen和W分别是模式和序列的长度、出现的最大长度约束和模式的最大间距.实验结果既验证了SPANGLO问题转换方法的正确性,又验证了该算法的正确性和有效性.
文摘大规模清洁能源的接入对电力系统的运行调度提出了严峻的挑战。将多种具有不同发电特性的清洁能源纳入到日前调度计划中统筹考虑有助于提高系统的安全性和经济性。为此,提出了含风-光-核-水-火的多源联合优化机组组合模型。所提模型同时考虑了网络安全约束和线路损耗的影响,在保证调度结果精确性的同时最大限度地降低计算的复杂度。针对该模型存在的不确定参数,引入信息间隙决策理论（information gap decision theory,IGDT）对其进行建模,分别得到鲁棒模型和机会模型,进而为调度运行提供合理的决策基础。最后,对改进的含有54台火电机组、8台梯级水电机组、5个风电场和1台核电机组的IEEE 118节点系统进行测试,测试结果验证了所提模型和算法的正确性和有效性。
