Study on the Planning of Garden Greening Tree Species in Liuzhou City

By analyzing the application situation of greening tree species in Liuzhou City,this study aimed to put forward several strategies and suggestions for garden tree species planning in Liuzhou City according to relevant theories and principles.

Research on Monitoring and Early-warning Standards of Ancient and Famous Trees Protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden

Based on the current situation and symptoms of the trees' growth in the Humble Administrator's Garden,this paper put forward corresponding monitoring and early-warning standards and technical measures of the ancient and famous trees protection in the Humble Administrator's Garden specifically.The aim of doing this is to establish a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden by setting up systematic fundamental data,dynamic protection standard grades and technique measures of protecting the trees.The main symptom of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden is the erosion and decay of the tree trunks.Fifteen tree trunks need technical protection,which holds 65.22% of the total sum of trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden.Therefore,much more emphasis should be paid in strengthening technical protection procedures of monitoring and early warning of the tree trunks in the future protection of the ancient and famous trees in the garden.Besides,the rejuvenation technique of rooting zone and rooting system,tree pruning technique as well as tree supporting measures according to the specific condition and symptom of the trees should be concerned with in order to protect the ancient and famous trees in the Humble Administrator's Garden in a more scientific and effective way.

Current Situation,Symptoms and Protective Techniques of Ancient Trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden

Growth conditions,symptoms of ancient trees in the Master-of-Nets Garden were investigated,it was found that there were 6 ancient trees about 120-920 years old in this garden,belonging to 5 genera and 5 families.Generally speaking,ancient trees in this garden grow well due to the proper protection,and 3 of them need only regular management,specifically,Pinus bungeana Zucc.,Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don,Wisteria sinensis Sweet in south yard of Dianchun Yi(the Peony Study),while another three need key protection,specifically,Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne,Sabina chinensis(Linn.)Ant.,W.sinensis Sweet,2 of which need corrosion prevention and filling protection,and another one needs comprehensive techniques for the rejuvenation of tree vigor.In view of symptoms of these 3 trees requiring key protection,corresponding techniques were proposed as below:3 steps for protecting C.sinensis Koehne(A.clearing and sterilizing tree holes,painting anti-corrosion protective agent;B.filling holes;C.sealing holes);3 steps for protecting W.sinensis Sweet(A.clearing up rotten xylem;B.anti-corrosion and sterilization processing for trunk;C.painting anti-corrosion agent);4 steps for S.chinensis(Linn.)Ant.(A.clearing climbing plants around it;B.clearing rotten xylem;C.filling holes;D.improving rhizosphere and rejuvenation of the tree).

Application of Fruit Trees in Suzhou Classical Gardens

The application of fruit trees in four Suzhou classical gardens involving the Humble Administrator's Garden,the Lingering Garden,the Lion Forest Garden and the Garden of Cultivation was investigated. The result showed that:firstly,fruit trees had been widely applied in each garden;secondly,the number and species of fruit trees differed from garden to garden;thirdly,the management of fruit trees was poor,resulting in poor growth of plants. In view of these problems,corresponding suggestions had been put forward and meanwhile creative fruit trees' planting had been proposed in order to achiever better landscape effect.

Study on Present Situation of Ancient and Famous Trees in the Lingering Garden and Its Protective Measures

The field investigation of the present situation of ancient and famous tress in Lingering Garden was conducted, the results showed that there were 18 trees, belonging to 13 species, 12 genera and 10 families. The trees’ ages were between 100 years old and 330 years old; 14 trees (accounting for 77.78% of the total trees) required regular management, 2 trees (accounting for 11.11%) required bole antiseptic protection, 1 tree (accounting for 5.56% of the total plants) required protection for its trunk, and 1 tree (accounting for 5.56%) required bole antiseptic protection and rejuvenation. According to the survey results, the monitoring and early warning standard grades were divided, its reasons were analyzed, and finally, the relative protection and restoration countermeasures were put forward.

基于单木的城市绿地乔木碳汇计量及其空间分布特征——以平湖市为例

精准计量城市绿地乔木碳汇量是提高绿地碳汇能力的前提。以平湖为例,采用单木调查结合绿地类型方法计量城区乔木碳汇,聚类分析树种碳汇能力,空间自相关与热力图分析碳密度、碳汇速率空间分布特征,以辅助城市绿地合理布局。结果表明:(1)平湖的附属绿地碳密度与碳汇速率最大,城市乔木绿地平均乔木碳密度(22.72 t C/hm^(2))为中上水平,平均乔木碳汇速率(8.99 t CO_(2)e a^(-1)hm^(-2))高于非城市森林;(2)硬阔Ⅱ((31.13±15.11)kg CO_(2)e/a)与硬阔Ⅰ((30.43±17.56)kg CO_(2)e/a)树种碳汇能力强于松类、软阔、杉类、柏类;(3)城市乔木绿地乔木碳密度和碳汇密度具有空间聚集性,高值常沿道路呈条带状或沿水域呈团块状分布。研究方法和结论对于厘清城市绿地乔木的碳家底,管理和提升城市自然碳汇功能,促进城市碳中和具有重要的理论和实践意义。

茶园间种桉树对茶叶品质的影响研究

调查发现云南昌宁、云县等地部分茶园间种了桉树。本研究采集了间作和未间作桉树的茶鲜叶分别烘干和阴干制备茶样,应用分光光度法、高效液相色谱法等测定了茶叶水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素、黄酮醇、茶氨酸等41种成分含量,结合感官审评分析了间种桉树对茶叶品质的影响。茶样内含生化成分经主成分、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析发现,与对照相比,间作桉树茶样的没食子儿茶素、山奈酚、槲皮素、甘氨酸、鞣花酸、木犀草素、花旗松素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素等9种成分含量显著升高(VIP>1,p<0.05,FC>1.2),而谷氨酸含量显著降低(VIP>1,p<0.05,FC<0.83)。感官审评发现,间作桉树的阴制茶样香气与滋味都辛辣,品质降低。研究结果表明,云南昌宁、云县等茶区茶园间种桉树会降低茶叶品质,不宜在茶园间种。

园林树木冠层疏透度测度及遮荫功能综合评价

园林树木冠层疏透度对遮荫功能等生态效益的发挥有着重要影响。选取肇庆市10种常见行道树,采用数码相机拍摄冠层照片,结合Photoshop图像处理方法进行冠层疏透度测定,验证树木参数、冠层疏透度、遮荫面积与荫影照度的相关性,并采用主成分分析方法对遮荫功能进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)凤凰木(Delonix regia)、盆架木(Alstonia scholaris)、小叶榄仁(Terminalia neotaliala)、黄葛榕(Ficus virens)的疏透度最高;凤凰木、盆架木、小叶榄仁、芒果(Mangifera indica)的荫影照度最高。(2)冠层疏透度(CT)、枝下高(UBH)、树高(TH)、胸径(DBH)与荫影照度(SI)呈正相关;冠幅(CW)、冠高(CH)、胸径(DBH)、树高(TH)与遮荫面积(S)呈正相关;枝下高(UBH)、胸径(DBH)、树高(TH)与冠层疏透度(CT)呈正相关;荫影照度(SI)和冠高(CH)显著负相关,层疏透度与荫影照度显著正相关。冠幅是决定遮荫面积的主导因素,冠层疏透度和冠高是决定树木荫影照度的重要因素。(3)综合遮荫功能排序前3的树木分别为细叶榕(Ficus microcarpa)、黄葛榕和麻楝(Chukrasia tabularis)。冠层疏透度的测度为开展园林树木遮荫功能相关研究提供了全新思路。

园林乔木冠层降雨截留作用研究

为更加科学有效地防止城市内涝、有效进行雨水管理和园林水土保持,通过人工模拟降雨法和浸泡法,研究华东地区8种园林乔木冠层的降雨截留作用。结果表明,乔木冠层的截留能力与叶片特征、雨强、叶片重叠关系、降雨时间等有关,模式2、4时截留能力较好;平均叶面积对最大截留量影响最大,且为显著正相关;不同试验方法结果不同,西府海棠差异最小,灯台树差异最大,但浸泡法并不能反映最真实的降雨截留特征;单位面积最大截留量与最大截留率不呈比例关系。

北京公园树木腐朽病的发生现状调查研究

为进一步做好园林树木腐朽病害的防治,2019—2023年,通过现场随机踏查的方法,调查北京主要公园树木腐朽病的发生和危害情况,对腐朽菌进行鉴定分类,统计染病树木和主要病原菌。结果显示:山桃Prunus davidiana、碧桃Prunus persica‘Duplex’、柳树Salix matsudana、槐树Sophora japonica、桑树Morus alba、西府海棠Malus×micromalus、紫叶李Prunus cerasifera‘Atropurpurea’、樱花Cerasus spp.、丁香Syringa spp.等树木发病率较高,且部分植株发病较重,共发现腐朽菌44种;其中,多孔菌目有21种,占总数的47.7%,是本次调查中发现最多的腐朽菌类群;能侵染活立木的病原腐朽菌有30种,它们的寄主范围广,多数种类对树木的危害程度较高。染病树木上的病原菌主要有白囊耙齿菌Irpex lacteus、裂褶菌Schizophyllum commune、毛栓孔菌Trametes hirsuta、刺槐范氏孔菌Vanderbylia robiniophila、粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus、硬毛粗盖孔菌Funalia trogii、一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor、梨生多年卧孔菌Perenniporia pyricola、东亚木层孔菌Phellinus orientoasiaticus、树舌灵芝Ganoderma applanatum。结合腐朽病发生发展特点及公园树木的日常养护管理活动,分析调查区域内树木腐朽病发生原因,为园林树木腐朽病害的防治提出措施建议。

Development and Application of Tree Configuration Information System for Urban Greenland in Xinjiang

A system of plants configuration for landscape in Xinjiang was established by Delphi7 and Server SQL 2000,with theory and method of information system,combined with computer technology.

南宁青秀山珍贵树种展示园景观植物资源多样性调查与分析

了解南宁青秀山珍贵树种展示园植物资源及景观现状,可为后期景观提升提供科学参考。通过实地调查、信息管理系统查询和有关文献查阅的办法,对南宁青秀山珍贵树种展示园植物资源多样性及其景观构成进行了全面调查与分析。结果表明,南宁青秀山珍贵树种展示园共有维管植物125科362属517种,双子叶植物占绝对优势。按生活型、观赏型、生态型可依次分为11、6、3个类别。豆科(Fabaceae)、茶科(Theaceae)、木兰科(Magnoliaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)、姜科(Zingiberaceae)和樟科(Lauraceae)具有较好的观赏特点,并在青秀山珍贵树种展示园中得到了较多应用。青秀山珍贵树种展示园景观特征明显,以常绿植物为主,植物景观集中于园路两侧,但存在植物优势科较少、植物运用不够丰富、观赏型植物种类分布不均和园内次生林占据活动空间等问题。建议增加优势科植物,并适当增加一些观茎、芳香植物、藤本和林下草本药用植物种类,营建多样性的植物景观;提升林内林下空间利用、强化科普研学和基础科研水平,完善相应的社会功能。

鲁西平原地区园林树木栽植技术研究

园林绿化能改善生活环境,是维护生态平衡的重要举措,在城市中起着重要的作用。鲁西平原地区具有降水少、气候干燥等气候特点,园林树木栽植需运用正确的栽植技术,才能提高苗木成活率,确保园林工程达到绿化美化效果。该文针对鲁西平原地区园林树木栽植技术、园林树木栽植后管护措施进行了研究,包括苗木选择、栽前修剪、根系处理、栽植方法、应用生长激素和栽植后管护措施,以期为鲁西平原地区园林树木栽植和管护提供技术参考。

园林工程树木养护管理技术的运用——以大兴区为例

园林工程树木养护管理技术是一项涵盖内容多,涉猎范围广的专业技术,是保障生态化园林健康发展的保障。将先进、健全的养护管理技术应用在园林工程的树木养护管理领域,园林工程的树木养护管理质量才能够得到保证。本文以北京市大兴区为例,就园林工程树木养护管理工作中所遇到的问题进行了分析与探讨,提出了做好园林工程树木养护管理的建议,以期为园林工程树木养护管理工作的完善提供有益的参考。

南宁青秀山珍贵树种展示园观花观果植物资源多样性调查与分析

为探究青秀山珍贵树种展示园观花观果植物多样性及现状,并为后期园林景观营建与管理提供科学依据和参考,对青秀山珍贵树种展示园观花观果植物多样性进行全面调查与分析。结果表明,青秀山珍贵树种展示园共有观花植物95科255属364种,观果植物89科211属308种。其中仅观花的植物有133属,仅观果的植物有89属,具2种观赏型的植物有122属。在科属种层面,白花植物均占比最高(28.06%、35.38%、38.10%),其次为黄花、红花、绿花和紫花植物,橙花和蓝花占比较低。总体花期集中在4-6月,果期集中在8-10月,季节性特征明显。青秀山珍贵树种展示园春夏季开花植物种类较多,观花景观色彩主要由白、黄、紫、红、绿5个色系决定。虽观花观果特征明显,但仍存在裸子植物种类运用占比小、色系构成失衡、植物群落较为分散、冬季观赏效果不足等特点。建议增加裸子植物的使用,适当提高粉色、橙色和蓝色3个色系的观花植物种类,构建以优势科为主的群落观花景观,适当补充冬季观花观果植物种类,以充分发挥观花观果特性,达到四季皆有景观的效果。

南疆地区图木舒克市主城区园林树木调查及评价

为摸清南疆地区图木舒克市主城区园林树木应用情况,在分析以往资料的基础上,选择图木舒克市主城区3类绿地类型进行调查。结果表明:图木舒克主城区现有木本园林植物112种,隶属于31科58属,其中乔木65种,灌木47种;在观赏特性上,有观花植物、观形植物、观色植物、观果植物;应用频率高的植物种类较少;绝大部分乔灌木生长状况良好。针对树种种植间距密集、植物景观单一、植物材料缺乏本土特性、植物养护不当等问题提出针对性建议。

园林树木稠李SpeedtreeCAD虚拟建模技术研究

为探讨虚拟园林树木全息模型技术,以稠李(Padus racemosa)为例,对SpeedtreeCAD植物建模软件进行研究,依据树木基本参数编辑为原理,对其整体骨架、分枝、叶片及模型后期效果进行编辑设置,研究结果表明,采用SpeedtreeCAD创建树木模型,其真实度高、具有动感效果、渲染速度较快、操作性简便,并与3Dmax兼容,有良好的匹配性。在园林景观设计中,可有效地指导园林植物配置效果表达,为园林植物物种选择提供了实践依据。

城市建设中节约型园林植物群落存在问题和建议

在杭州选取城市中心区域较为典型的具有节约型园林特征的8个公园,对其植物群落开展调查发现,多数公园森林覆盖率超过了50%,乔木树种的覆盖率占比依旧不高,不透水面积占比同样差异巨大;不同公园之间乔木树种覆盖率、草坪覆盖率差异巨大,乔木树种、植物种类差异不同,乡土树种数量尚可;植物群落树种的丰富度差异并不明显。对于这些现状和问题,提出了提升园林景观的绿量、提高植物群落的丰富度、增加园林群落的郁闭度、增加抗旱树种的引入、提高立体绿化的比例、提高乡土植物的比例等建议。

Application of Fruit Trees in Urban Landscaping

By reviewing application history of fruit trees in gardens, application principles of fruit trees in urban garden landscapes were proposed in view of its landscape components, such as flower, fruit, foliage, figure and cultural connotations. Application principles included "right tree for right land", "fully playing ecological effects of fruit trees", "improving rhythmic sense and artistic quality of plant furnishings", and "using characteristic fruit trees". Its application in different garden green spaces such as by roadside, in residential districts, in parks, in sightseeing orchards was respectively analyzed, examples were given to show application range of different species. Finally, attentions were proposed to provide references for the future application of fruit trees in urban garden landscapes.

基于PBL的高职园林树木课程教学模式设计

为提高园林树木课程教学效果,增强学生的专业能力,本文分析该课程的教学目标与内容。从教学模式、教学实施和课程评价3个方面对园林树木课程进行基于PBL的线上线下混合式教学模式探索。整合教学内容,强化课程之间的关联,建立一体化的专业课程体系。并在“探、导、识、选、汇、评和拓”七步教学全过程中融入课程思政教育,培养学生职业素质。在此基础上,分析该教学模式的实践效果和创新点。实践证明,该教学模式有利于提高学生的课堂参与率和自主学习能力,培养其团队协作意识,提升分析和解决问题的能力;提高教师团队的教学水平,增加师生互动良性沟通,教学效果良好。