Potential Analysis of Inefficient Garden Land and Residual Forest Land Remediation in Comprehensive Land Remediation of the Whole Region—A Case Study of Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China

The remediation of inefficient garden land and defective forest land is one of the important sources and types of supplementary cultivated land in the comprehensive land remediation of the whole region. The remediation and development of inefficient garden land and defective forest land will effectively alleviate the multiple pressures faced by cultivated land at present. Taking Zhemu Town, Guilin City, China as an example, on that basis of the data of the third national land survey, using analytic hierarchy process, this paper selects six evaluation factors, including water source, traffic, slope, field concentration, farmland infrastructure and villagers’ will, to study the remediation potential of inefficient garden land and defective forest land in Zhemu Town, and delimits four potential divisions, in order to provide the basis for the arrangement of land remediation projects in Zhemu Town. The results show that the northern, central and western regions of Zhemu Town have great remediation potential.

The Paradigm Evolution of Chinese Library Gardens:from the Blessed Land of Langhuan to Tianyi Chamber

"The Blessed Land of Langhuan"(Langhu Fudi) was the stonehouse for book storage founded in a novel of the Yuan Dynasty,this title from the classical motif Peach Blossom Spring(Taohuayuan Ji) was used as the traditional libraries' name,and also in the literature,painting,and gardening.The concept was acquired by Zhang Dai,the gardening artist of the late Ming Dynasty,and promoted to the literature and the gardening conception and practices.Taoist concepts in garden construction and painting were better expressed in Half-acre Garden,the bibliophile Wanyan Linqing's garden in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty.This paper by discussing the garden rockeries related to the Blessed Land of Langhuan and investigating landscape environment of Tianyi Chamber(Tianyi Ge),the architectural heritage of the Ming Dynasty,explored the hidden hints of the Blessed Land of Langhuan in the building practices of "the seven libraries of Imperial Collection of Four Divisions"(Siku Qige).

乌鲁木齐市耕读园认养农业模式发展现状及建议

认养农业是共享经济的具体体现之一,依托于互联网、政府及自身服务3者的有机结合。新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市认养农业起步较晚,目前认养农业范围已扩展至果蔬、禽畜、植被等多种农业生产领域。耕读园自2020年开始将认养农业运用于经营体制中,在自然环境、消费群体、消费观念等区位优势的加持下,相较于以往认养模式,其新颖的生产方式和多样化娱乐项目备受消费者青睐。在消费者与经营者的共同经营下,实现耕读园员工增收、农业可持续发展。耕读园认养模式在发展过程中,易受消费者认知、多样化需求、操作程序等因素影响,致使其存在宣传力度不足、科技生产力低下、网络融合度差等问题,进而就如何增强区域影响力、积极完善基础设施建设、与科技生产融合及培养高素质农业人才等方面为耕读园经营提出改善措施。

粮食安全视域下的耕地概念探讨

聚焦我国耕地资源国情,从保障安全视域出发,分析粮食安全内涵变化过程中对耕地资源保障的需求,通过对国际上耕地概念的概述和从历史、常识、法律、技术等角度对耕地概念的理解,提出完善耕地概念的建议,采用定量分析法、实证分析法、逻辑分析法、历史研究法,以期为加强粮食安全耕地保障能力提供参考。现行耕地概念过于强调技术逻辑,在我国农业生产土地资源趋紧的条件下,并不利于我国的粮食安全和居民生活水平提升,尤其是园地与耕地都以生产食用农产品为主导功能。有必要适应我国农业特别是种植业发展的需要,让耕地概念回归本义与常识,将园地等支撑种植业发展的土地资源纳入耕地范围,并赋予耕地概念管理逻辑和规划属性。研究结论:统筹法理逻辑、管理逻辑、技术逻辑与常识认知,将耕地概念界定为“用于种植农作物的土地”,形成对国家粮食安全整体利益价值追求。

Composition of Garden Road System in Urban Park

Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road system for guidance of garden road construction.After introduction of the connotation of garden road system,its attributes were summarized which were isolated elements,integrated collection,clear level and dynamic development;and its functional composition had been concluded from the aspects of practical function and social function.Practical functions contained traffic organization and guidance tour,space division and landscape composition,facility organization and habitat improvement.Social functions consisted of communication and education function.The pattern of garden road system had been introduced in terms of pattern elements,level structure and layout form.Facilities of garden road system had been classified into five categories covering rest facilities,ornamental facilities,light facilities,display facilities and service facilities.

“可食用城市”发展理念下的碎片化农用地利用路径研究

我国高度重视农用地保护,实行最严格的耕地保护制度。然而耕地的保护、农用地的有效利用仍面临诸多问题,尤其是城市空间中的碎片化农用地存在分布广、撂荒严重等问题。文章引入“可食用城市”理念,以份地花园、社区农园、公共农园的案例,从经济效益、社会效益、生态景观效益等方面进行分析,提出碎片化农用地发展与利用的新途径。

成都万佛寺造像碑中的佛寺园林图像研究

佛寺园林是兴起于东晋、南朝时期的中国园林样式。成都市万佛寺的“元嘉二年造像碑”“梁二菩萨造像碑”和“须弥山造像碑”背面雕刻有独特的园林图像,图像较为客观地表现了东晋、南朝时期佛寺园林的艺术风貌,同时这三幅图像也是现已发现创作时间最早的“净土图式经变”题材的佛教美术作品。通过考证,万佛寺造像碑上的“净土图式经变”是参照南朝佛寺园林,应用全景式的构图,采用南朝“台榭”画的方法创造而成。图像运用了三段式分层的布局方法,通过将各种物象归纳为“梯形”图式并加以组合的方式,表现出南朝佛寺园林宏大的场面和深远的意境。万佛寺造像碑参照世俗社会中的佛寺园林作为“净土图式经变”绘画原型的创作方法,影响了敦煌唐代“净土变”题材壁画的创作。

顾及城郊农田生态服务价值的中心城区生态安全网络重构

针对中心城区日益凸显的农业、生态、城镇三类空间冲突问题,借鉴田园城市理论,创新性地提出一种利用城郊高生态价值农田细化城市生态安全网络,构建“三生”空间协调有序的国土空间格局的方法。利用防城港市遥感影像、国土调查和社会经济数据,在城郊耕地综合评价的基础上,采用评价结果修正的当量因子法评估其农田生态价值。进一步利用InVEST、MSPA及MCR模型初步构建市域生态安全网络,再将高生态价值农田作为临时生态节点完成网络重构,并进行对比分析。以重构的新网络指导中心城区的规划分区优化,并对市域和中心城区两级生态网络要素的空间管控规则及联合管理机制进行了探索。结果表明:(1)防城港市区单位面积农田生态价值为35540元/hm^(2),高生态价值农田较均匀的环城分部。(2)重构后的网络新增34个临时节点和51条绿带,延长48.425 km,增加808.89 hm^(2)生态源。(3)新网络能有效引导中心城区形成圈层发展结构,较原网络在连通性、有效性、稳定性上均有所提升。研究结果为注重协调发展的国土空间规划背景下区域空间格局优化提供了新的思路。

Urban Market-Gardening in Parakou (Republic of Benin): Spatial Dynamics, Food Security, Protection of the Environment and Creation of Employments

Nowadays, African cities are subjected to upsets which result from the extraordinary growth of urban populations. The growth of the population of cities has induced some changes in the structure of the activity of those cities. Agriculture which was formerly confined to the countryside henceforth develops in the urban area and occupies a preponderant place as a strategy of survival, of insertion and of food supplying of the city-dwellers. It has become an activity integrated to the urban tissue through systems of occupying and exploitation of land in the urban area. Population growth (4.81%) between 2002 and 2013 is a critical poverty rate (65%) of the population of Parakou city, entailing a misery perceptible in all its social and economic dimensions. The market-gardening activity has integrated itself to the urban tissue. The objective of this study is to understand how urban agriculture through market-gardening can be a solution for rural farmers who have moved to Parakou city. In this study, documentary research, interviews and field observation are used for data collection. The main results to be signaled among others are: evolution and status of the market-gardening areas in Parakou, the reduction of food insecurity with the permanent availability in quantity and in quality of market-gardening products accessible to the population: the protection of the environment through the drainage of the urban area and the preservation of the diversity of vegetables;the increase of the income of the households of the farmers and the creation of employments.

Change of ecosystem service value in Menglian county with large-area economic gardens

From the point of spatio-temporal changes of ecological system type,function and value,in Menglian county,land using/cover data was based on three Landsat TM images(respectively obtained in2000,2005,2010 and 2015) which were interpreted as basic information sources by using RS and GIS technology and then revising ecosystem service value per unit area in Menglian county.This paper has researched on the changes of ecosystem service value of economic garden for large area planting as well as evaluated ecosystem service value scientifically in Menglian county combined with the sensitivity analysis.The Results showed that:(1) In Menglian county,from 2000 to 2015,land use pattern manifested as the transformation from large areas of cultivated land,forest land and shrub to the economic landscape,the economic landscape is increased by 24458.31 hm^2,however,farm land,wood land and shrub are reduced by 24865.74 hm2 in total;(2) Changes of ecosystem service value is closely related to economic landscape development in Menglian county.The situation of ecosystem service value shows the changing trend from improvement to severity in 2000-2015.ESV is increased by 96.39 million yuan from 2000 to2005,whose annual growth rate is about 0.56%·a^(-1).But in the year of 2005 to 2015,ESV is reduced by120.23 million yuan and annual reduced rate is about 0.34%·a^(-1);(3) In Menglian county,the main ecological system is the woodland ecological system,the primary ecosystem service functions are biodiversity protection,gas regulation,soil formation and retention,climate regulation and water supply,the ecological benefit were decreased in 2000-2015;(4) From the aspect of space distribution,ecosystem service value in Menglian county is relatively high in the central area and relatively not high in the western and eastern area.ESV(yuan·hm`(-2)) was changed obvious,Gongxin town trended to decline,other towns increased first the then reduced.The temporal and spatial variation of ecosystem service value in Menglian county is affected by natural and human factors.The key to the development of economic landscape is rational land use according to the practical situation,which can create economic value and also keep its ecological value.

因地制宜的绿地建设

北京五里桥公园的规划和建设力求实践“因地制宜”的建设理念。在了解该地块的地貌特征、历史沿革以及生态人文环境等因素的前提下,从该地原状的自然环境出发,顺应用地内的现状地形脉络,根据不同区域的实际情况布局绿地、道路、广场等交往空间。利用现状环境中的土山、植物等景观元素,结合周边居民的现实使用情况将用地进行整体规划、实施,营建出大小、高低、温度、湿度各不相同的小生境,来满足不同小动物栖息以及植物生长的需求,满足不同人群的使用需求。并对多处原生植被进行保留,并与增植的林木相融合,形成多样化的植物群落,以营造自然、生态的景观环境。

渴望与失望:《桃花源记》与《遗失的桃园》互文性研究

韩国著名小说家吴永寿的晚年作品《遗失的桃园》以“桃源”为母题,通过大量引述构筑出心中“桃源”叠影般的理想社会,而其文章中的人称变化及“金蛇”的独特幻性则与“桃源”互文经纬网中诸韩国衍生中心点相呼应,呈现出文本所具有的独特异质性。《遗失的桃园》作为“桃源”互文经纬网之新的中心点,引导读者将文本置于整个韩国“桃源”发展史中去阅读和理解,并通过与中国作家陶渊明的名作《桃花源记》的互文对话,表达出作者对于“桃源”的深切渴望与不懈追寻,以及其内心深处由于明晰韩国社会及人性的不可逆性而产生的痛苦与失望。

水乡园林城市构建——以荆州市荆北片区城市设计为例

以荆州市荆北片区为例,基于水乡园林城市构建角度,介绍城市发展现状,阐述城市规划构思,从用地规划、道路系统、绿地系统、景观系统、特色空间系统方面提出规划设计策略。

盐碱地的园林绿化苗木种植应用技术研究——以东山庄园·御海国际度假村为例

福建省海岸区大多地方都存在不同程度的盐碱化。在生境恶劣的滨海盐碱地上,进行园林绿化苗木种植,十分困难和艰巨。为此,需要先对土壤进行技术改良后方,可种植植物,并应选择适合的苗木品种,提高其存活率。基于此,从园林施工的角度分析盐碱土改良技术、苗木选择与种植技术的契合点,并结合具体园林项目,探究总结滨海盐碱地的苗木种植的应用技术。

基于城市触媒理论的工业废弃地更新策略研究——以邯郸市园博园为例

城市工业废弃用地作为城市用地的重要组成部分,不仅对场所更新与修复有促进作用,还对推动城市活力修复、城市职能转变具有正面催化作用。文章基于城市触媒理论,通过对邯郸市园博园进行实地调研,试图从区位潜力、文化潜力及空间潜力三个方面阐述城市废弃工业用地所具有的触媒潜质,并结合案例,探究城市工业废弃用地的更新策略与方法。

园名流变与遗产建构——青州偶园历史演变研究

青州偶园为清初大学士冯溥所建私园,改筑自明代衡王府奇松园和冯氏旧宅宅园。历史渊源深厚,园主身份显赫,时代和地域特征鲜明,具重要遗产价值。然其在冯溥身后演变与遗产保护史,学界迄无详论。文章以园名变化为线索,通过史料考释、现场调研和文本分析,勾勒偶园从一处文人私园演变为文化遗产的历史过程。文章进一步使用历史性城镇景观视角解析了偶园演变与身份建构的内在机制,提出“逝返”“层积”和“消散”三条线索。文章尝试完善既有研究之不足,并为传统园林遗产的认识、保护和管理提供案例参照和理论借鉴。

《拙政园图咏》研究——以槐雨亭为中心

拙政园始建自明人王献臣。园景尽成后,王氏邀请文徵明将之记录成册,包括景诗、景画各31页及《王氏拙政园记》一篇,是为《拙政园图咏》。文章聚焦于园中唯一一处继承了园主名号的景点——槐雨亭,细读该幅对页,指出景画、景诗的并置呈现了该处景点的避世寓意;并沿用鲁安东引入的认知地标概念,综合相关景画、景诗和园记,进一步指出以槐雨亭为核心并连缀其他五处景点的区域因互相配对的关联性而可以被认知为一片独立的“非世俗”景域。最后,文章借用石守谦提出的“文化新贵”与“文人社群的会员证书”,将该册纳入明代苏州文人社群的关系网络进行审视,认为《拙政园图咏》的策划体现了王献臣尝试转变所属社群的意图。

林田改茶土壤重金属垂直变化及影响因素

采集武夷山市道路两侧林地、山茶、田茶和水田土壤样品,分析0~60 cm范围内土壤剖面样品中粒径组成、pH值、有机碳、氮、磷含量,以及重金属(铜、铅、锌、镉、铬、砷、汞)含量的垂向变化,探讨分析指标之间的差异天~影响因素。结果表明:研究区内土壤的颗粒组成均以粉粒为主,黏粒次之,砂砾最少;土壤呈较强的酸性;山茶土壤中整体养分含量较高。不同土地利用类型土壤重金属元素含量的均值大小规律为:Zn>Pb、Cr>Cu、As>Hg>Cd。其中,山茶土壤Cr、Cu和As平均含量最高,Pb、Hg和Cd平均含量最低;Zn和Cd则在田茶土壤中含量最高。此外,相关性分析表明,元素Cr和Cu、Cr和As、Cu和As之间存在一定的共同来源;土壤粒径结构对重金属含量影响较显著;土壤中磷的来源对Zn元素的吸附起着正效应,土壤有机质也增加Cd含量,土壤的酸化会增加As元素的吸附或滞留。整体而言,研究区市区道路两侧的农用地(茶园和水田)和林地土壤0~60 cm剖面范围内的重金属污染情况并不严重(仅一个样品Cu含量超出GB 15618—2018的风险限值),但是Cd、Hg元素超过福建省土壤环境背景值的样品比例较多,应引起重视。

园林地慢速渗滤系统处理农村分散式生活污水

针对农村分散式生活污水处理设施缺乏而面源污染严重的问题,该研究从土壤自净功能出发,结合传统土地慢速渗滤处理系统和澳大利亚FILTER系统技术特点,提出了园林地慢速渗滤农村生活污水处理系统,优化了污水处理工艺中的布水和排水系统,提高了系统的污水接纳与处理能力。试验结果表明该系统对TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)、COD(化学需氧量)、TOC(总有机碳)、NH4+-N(铵态氮)均有较好去除效果,平均去除率分别为80.7%、89.2%、89.5%、60.2%、85.7%,出水水质达到一级A类标准。该系统对农村生活污水处理效果良好,具有技术可行、成本有效和管理方便等特点,为中国现阶段农村生态环境建设提供参考。

沼液的园林地消解处理利用及其对土壤微生物碳、氮与酶活性的影响

近年来,沼气工程发展迅猛,产生的大量沼液处理和排放问题日益突出,成为水环境保护中亟待解决的关键问题。为研究沼液灌溉园林地土壤进行消解处理利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮及酶活的影响,提出沼液安全排放处理的新途径,通过在江苏宜兴万石镇葡萄园基地进行大田试验,比较了不同处理下沼液消解利用过程对土壤微生物碳、氮以及土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳的关系,并测定了土壤几种常见酶的活性。结果表明,沼液园林地(葡萄园)消解利用过程不会降低土壤微生物碳、氮含量,地面间作黑麦草或地下安装排水管道时能显著提高土壤微生物碳、氮含量,分别提高8.70%和17.34%。沼液园林地消解利用能提高土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳比率,但未达到显著性水平。沼液在园林地消解利用中,只进行沼液灌溉的处理区土壤蔗糖酶活性略微下降,其他试验区土壤蔗糖酶含量较对照区显著性提高,试验区土壤脲酶也较对照区提高了数倍以上,但土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶在该试验研究中未表现出较大变化。该试验仅为沼液消解处理利用的田间短期效应,沼液园林地消解利用处理对作物品质、土壤肥力和农业生产环境的综合影响仍需进行长期试验验证。