Water Surface Landscaping Techniques and Theoretic Research of Four Famous Gardens in China

With Summer Resort,Clear Ripples Garden,Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden as the study subjects,the paper had focused on researches on water surface landscaping techniques and relevant theories of four famous gardens in China.Water bodies in Summer Resort aimed to manifest the sentimental appeal of lower reaches of Yangtze River,and water surface treatment techniques were based on local characteristics which were dense river network,sandbars and islands surrounded by water and scattered distribution of rivers.Sandbars,islands,banks and bridges were utilized to divide water surface,so as to display basic natural feature of water surface at lower reaches of Yangtze River.Water bodies in Clear Ripples Garden aimed to imitate the artistic concept of West Lake.As for its water surface treatment technique,divided "west dyke" and branch dykes had been used to separate water surface,so as to endow it with the ideological content of "fairy court" and "telepathy between human and nature".Water bodies in Humble Administrator's Garden and Lingering Garden aimed to realize "all rivers and lakes" with "one scoop of water",so that people could associate the artistic conception of a vase expanse of water.The study could provide reference for designers of landscape architecture to conduct water surface design.

Application of Automatic Water-saving Irrigation System in Roof Gardens

Based on the special site conditions of roof gardens,it was put forward to introduce automatic water-saving irrigation system into the roof garden constructions,such as the solar energy and microcomputer auto water-saving irrigation system,aiming to solve the photosynthetic noon break phenomenon of plants and relieve the stress from high temperature.

Analysis of Gardening Based on the Unique Zonal Water System of Slender West Lake

Yangzhou Slender West Lake is narrow in shape. It is 4.3 km in total length with the width of about 100 m. It is a typical zonal water system. Through the research of its spatial structure, space sequence and view borrowing the garden bridges of Yangzhou Slender West Lake, the unique gardening method of zonal water system was expatiated.

The Role of Water in Persian Gardens

The role of water in the formation of the first human habitats is a response to a biological need. But when above a need, home building and constructing residential complexes have a cultural meaning, architecture is emerged and water in human life has an artistic place and it is originated from the creativity of the artists and architects. Understanding the concept of water in architecture is understanding the concept of water architecture. Understanding the physical laws of water behavior is our emotions to the interaction of water and most importantly the role and allegory and its relationship with human life. Water is a paradoxical metaphor and along with soil, fire and air, consists of the four comprising elements of the universe. If someone asks us to define water, we say it is a colorless liquid which is the source of life, but is it really the definition of water in architecture and only in terms of the physical aspect, it is an interface between man and architecture? To answer this question, first we examine the available resources in this field and desk studies about the architectural spirit and then examine the water hidden side and the way it affects humans and architecture through descriptive-analytical method, so by contemplating in them, the question can also be answered. From the beginning, water was a vital element not only for the body but for the soul.

Play-with-water Landscapes in Classical Chinese Gardens

From the perspective of delighting and sentimental function of water in classical Chinese gardens, the concept of "play with water" or "dabbling" was introduced. Play-with-water landscapes in many classical Chinese gardens were investigated and classified into 4 types: sound play, shadow play, human play, and water fowl play. Concrete design techniques were explored.

Application of Rainwater Garden in Dealing with Drought and Flood in Cities

On the basis of analyzing the concurrency of water resource shortage and flood disasters in Chinese cities, this paper proposed the application of natural water drainage mechanism, and introduction of rainwater garden into the urban landscape architecture design. The drainage ways of green streets including rainwater garden were elaborated, and it was proposed that roadside green belts can be used to save rainwater, realize the resource utilization of rainwater, to deal with the concurrency of drought and food in Chinese cities.

Analysis on the Water-making Art of Islamic Garden

The climate in Islamic areas is hot and dry,and water is the most important element in Islamic gardens.The waterscape of Islamic gardens affects the layout of the whole courtyard,and the water-making art of Islamic gardens embodies the wisdom of the Arab nation.Through the analysis of the waterscape design of Islamic gardens,this study combed the design methods contained in the water-making art of Islamic gardens from the four aspects of water source,waterscape plane design,vertical design and decoration,in order to provide ideas for more efficient water landscape design in the garden landscape design.

Quality of Well Water Used for Market Gardening from Lendeng Area Located in Common of Rufisque (Senegal)

This study analysis was conducted to know the quality of well water around the market gardening area of Lendeng located in the common of Rufisque Est (Senegal). In this study, six groundwater samples were taken near the Lendeng market gardening area. The physicochemical parameters of water such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), iron (Fe2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO3-4) and phosphate (PO3-4) were measured. The analysis results obtained show sulphate and phosphate have the highest levels. These results were compared to drinking water standards from the World Health Organization (WHO). The correlation coefficient ANOVA was applied to the test result of the samples. The statistical study showed that the well water in the market gardening area of Lendeng is not polluted.

黄河流域(甘肃段)水资源与其他自然资源耦合协调关系研究

本文基于黄河流域(甘肃段)2009、2012、2015、2018、2021年57个县级行政区面板数据,利用耦合协调度模型测算并分析了水资源与耕地、园地、林地、草地、湿地的耦合协调关系及时空演变规律。结果表明:①研究期内黄河流域(甘肃段)水资源与耕地、园地、林地、草地、湿地的两两耦合协调关系呈不同发展规律与空间分异特征。总体上,水资源与草地、耕地、园地的耦合协调度相对较高,与林地、湿地的耦合协调度相对较低。②水资源与耕园林草湿整体上呈耦合、协调发展趋势,在空间上呈东北低、西南高的分布特征,在时间变化上未有明显波动。③研究时段内未出现明显的高耦合-高协调演化趋势,表明黄河流域(甘肃段)各类自然资源空间分布和数量分布不均衡,未来应重视设计差异化的自然资源协调发展路径,引导各类自然资源向更有序、协调的方向发展。

基于水乡越地特色文化挖掘的中国园林史课程思政初探

地方优秀传统文化是“课程思政”重要的载体和资源。文章立足具有2500多年建城史的水乡越地,提出全过程融入越地特色文化的古代园林史课程思政教学研究。深入挖掘各历史阶段与古代园林关联密切的越地特色文化及历史遗存等思政元素,运用任务式教学、翻转课堂、“例释”教学法等方法,将各章节教学内容与越地优秀传统文化有机融合,提升越地文化自信和文化自觉。

以水缀园,寓情于水——古代书院园林理水特点探析

书院园林作为古代学子习艺游憩、修养身心之地,是书院除讲学、藏书、祭祀三大空间之外的重要部分,通过山石、水体、花木、亭台等元素组合,为师生营造幽静适意的环境。其中水体受到创办者极大重视,本文聚焦于书院园林的理水特点,阐述了水的重要性,并从外部理水类型与用意、内部理水形态与寓意两方面展开分析,由水体的具体特征上升到抽象象征,旨在呈现书院园林理水的多样性和独特性,以此为切入点,深入理解书院园林承载的文化内涵,丰富古典园林理水研究。

避暑山庄内外水系变迁成因探究

【目的】避暑山庄作为当今存世的最大皇家园林,因经典的自然山水营构而享有盛誉。自1703年始建至1911年清朝覆灭,避暑山庄内外水系面貌发生了剧烈的变化,然而水系变迁成因尚缺乏全面而深入的探究。【方法】梳理避暑山庄肇建后200余年间的水系面貌变迁历程,利用史料梳理论证与量化计算佐证相结合的方法,聚焦避暑山庄内外水系营建的历史过程,分析山庄引水工程、扩湖工程及河工制度存废对于水系带来的反向制约影响;以历史图档、文档记载为基础,以20世纪80年代最早期的土地利用/土地覆盖遥感监测数据及同时期的承德地区土壤流失情况为依据,从流域层面探讨了武烈河河道泥沙的来源问题。【结果】避暑山庄肇建之初设定的引水点为河流交汇口区域,频繁的河相变化增加了山庄引水困难;康熙朝施行的扩湖工程,使得山庄东侧的武烈河行洪断面缩减超过50%;围绕避暑山庄展开的“旱河岁修”“河湖清挖”“大河岁修”等制度的订立、完善与废弃历程耦合着山庄内外水系急剧变迁的过程;清晚期以来,武烈河流域内土地滥垦日益严重,1980年流域内的坡耕地产生的土壤流失总量(1025422.30 t)与同时期武烈河流域年平均输沙量(1070000.00 t)接近。【结论】避暑山庄的水系营建工程虽然造就了经典的水景观,但也助推了山庄水系的消退,而晚清以来武烈河流域内坡耕地过垦所带来的水土流失问题,则是造成避暑山庄内外水系变迁的最关键性因素。避暑山庄内外水系变迁成因的历时性考察,是景观遗产多元价值识别的前提,也是挖掘、培育生态智慧的必由之路。

庭园绿化中植物与建筑、水体、道路、小品的协调设计探讨

针对庭园绿化协调设计难度大的问题,基于各地庭园绿化设计经验,提出了一种全新的设计思路。解决了庭园绿化植物与小品、道路、水体、建筑不协调的问题,实现了协调设计目标。研究结果表明:对庭园绿化植物与小品、道路、水体、建筑进行协调设计,不仅可以凸显植物造景所具有的艺术性和科学性,还能更好地发挥庭园绿化项目的生态、社会与经济效益。

水景施工技术在园林景观施工中的应用

水景施工技术在园林景观中的应用价值十分显著,其中喷泉、池塘、溪流、水槽等元素的融入,能进一步丰富景观层次,增加其动态感和艺术价值。此外,灯光和音效的巧妙应用,以及水生植物和浮岛的装置,都能赋予水景更多的生态和美感元素。文章旨在深入探究水景施工技术在园林景观中的应用,并从美学、生态和可持续性视角分析其影响,以期为开展相关的景观设计与建设工作提供有价值的见解。

《园冶》中水月美学在江南园林理景中的应用研究

水月共赏之景自古深受文人墨客喜爱,在江南园林理景尤其是夜景意境的构造中是不可替代的。《园冶》作为第一本论及月在园林中应用的专著,对水月美学的营构有极大研究价值。文章从《园冶》原文语段出发,以片石山房、网师园和沧浪亭为例,分析江南园林水月美学中山石、建筑、植物的理景营造应用,赋予了园林意蕴深厚的脱俗之美、跨越时空的灵动之美、相互依存的共生之美。研究认为水月美学在未来城市发展中对促进优秀传统文化传承、地域文化认同和城市功能的科学完善均有一定参考与借鉴价值。

园林景观设计中的低碳景观营造措施

介绍了低碳园林的概念,明确了其在园林景观设计中的重要性,提出了降低园林能源消耗、选择“碳友好”型材料、选择乡土植物以及增加园林的碳汇功能等原则,通过分析工程实例,总结了低碳园林景观的具体设计措施,降低园林能源消耗和减少碳排放,减缓其对生态环境和人类社会的不利影响,提高城市居民的生活质量,增强城市的竞争力和吸引力。

北京香山历史水系的开发与利用

北京香山在历史上就是著名的风景名胜,地下水资源丰富,拥有众多泉眼。随着香山地区的营建,香山水系也得到开发与利用,至清代达到鼎盛,水系不仅因借山势在静宜园中形成了泉、池、溪、瀑等多种形式的水景,而且其利用远及静明园等“三山五园”,甚至通州。通过对历史文献、样式雷图档、测绘图进行研究,结合田野调查等方法,梳理香山水景的类型与分布,分析香山地形的高差变化与水景之间的关系,总结历史上对于香山水系的开发与利用,并提出传承保护香山水系的建议。

北京水源保护区绿化废弃物资源化利用方式初探

鉴于绿化废弃物外运成本高,增加城市垃圾量和碳排放,处理不当会造成环境污染的情况,本文结合团城湖调节池实践项目,分析水源保护区不同区域空间、不同月份及不同类型绿化废弃物的产量,对其绿化废弃物收集利用的方法及处理工艺进行探索,实现取之于园、用之于园,生态消纳,保护环境。以期为其他水源保护区探究绿化废弃物资源化利用的工艺、流程及方法,提供一定借鉴。

园林植物水资源高效利用的探索与实践——基于智能灌溉系统

水是园林植物生存的重要物质条件,以水造景也是园林景观建筑物柔化自然空间、增加艺术气息的重要途径。然而,我国园林绿化水资源利用效率目前处于较低水平。本研究探讨了我国园林植物水资源利用现状,提出水资源高效利用措施,根据实际需要设计、创制了一款园林植物专用智能灌溉系统,并深入分析了该系统的综合效益,以期为城市园林植物节水灌溉提供有益参考。结果表明,该系统一次性投资为875元/667 m~2,国民经济内部收益率(EIRR)、经济净现值(ENPV)(每667 m~2)和经济效益费用比(EBCR)分别为12.8%、994元和1.16,具有较好的经济可行性。

Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Quality of the Vegetable Watering Water in the Dschang Town, Cameroon

Market gardening, in the swampy lowlands of the Dschangcity, plays an important role in terms of providing employment, and supply the city with fresh products. However, waterborne diseases, which occur in the city, are both attributed to the bad quality of drinking water and sanitation practices. This work aims to characterize watering waters of crop, to assess the health risks associated with the use of these waters. Water from eleven streams and five wells used to irrigate crops were sampled and analyzed once a week for a month. Analyses focused on physico-chemical parameters (temperature, suspended matter, pH, electrical conductivity, COD, BOD5, NO-3 , Al, Fe, Cu, Ni), parasitological (helminthes eggs) and bacteriological (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococcus). The results show that, the physico-chemical quality of well waters generally approaches the WHO standards of crop watering water. The physico-chemical of streams waters and bacteriological quality of wells and streams waters are bad, according to WHO guide. These bad quality waters could contaminate crops, some of which are eaten raw, which is surely a cause of the outbreak of waterborne diseases in the city. The waters from streams are more affected. The pretreatment of the water before use for irrigation of vegetables is highly recommended.