Criterion of gas and solid dual-phase flow atomization crash in molten metal

A self-invented atomization process, in which molten metal is atomized into powder by a high-velocity gas stream carrying solid particles as the atomization medium, was introduced. The characteristics of powders prepared by common gas atomization and dual-phase flow atomization under similar conditions were compared. The experimental results show that the dual-phase flow-atomized powders have average particle sizes that are one-half that of the common gas-atomized particles;additionally, they possess a finer microstructure and higher cooling rate under the same atomization gas pressure and the same gas flow. The Weber number in the crash criteria of liquid atomization is adopted to measure the crash ability of the atomization media. The Weber number of the dual-phase flow atomization medium is the sum of that of the gas and the solid particles. Furthermore, the critical equation of the crash model in dual-phase flow atomization is established, and the main regularities associated with this process were analyzed.

Three-dimensional Simulation of Gas/Solid Flow in Spout-fluid Beds with Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow

A three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase model, with closure law according to the kinetic theory of granular flow, was used to study the gas/solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid beds. The influences of the coefficient of restitution due to non-ideal particle collisions on the simulated results were tested. It is demonstrated that the simulated result is strongly affected by the coefficient of restitution. Comparison of simulations with experiments in a small spout-fluid bed showed that an appropriate coefficient of restitution of 0.93 was necessary to simulate the flow characteristics in an underdesigned large size of spout-fluid bed coal gasifier with diameter of lm and height of 6m. The internal jet and gas/solid flow patterns at different operating conditions were obtained. The simulations show that an optimal gas/solid flow pattern for coal gasification is found when the spouting gas flow rate is equal to the fluidizing gas flow rate and the total of them is two and a half times the minimum fluidizing gas flow rate. Besides, the radial distributions of particle velocity and gas velocity show similar tendencies; the radial distributions of particle phase pressure due to particle collisions and the particle pseudo-temperature corresponding to the macroscopic kinetic energy of the random particle motion also show similar tendencies. These indicate that both gas drag force and particle collisions dominate the movement of particles.

A new numerical approach of coupled modeling for solid deformation and gas leak flow in multi-coal-seams

From the viewpoint of interaction mechanics for solid and gas, a coupled mathematical model was presented for solid coal/rock deformation and gas leak flow in parallel deformable coal seams. Numerical solutions using the SIP (Strong Implicit Proce- dure) method to the coupled mathematical model for double parallel coal seams were also developed in detail. Numerical simulations for the prediction of the safety range using protection layer mining were performed with experimental data from a mine with potential danger of coal/gas outbursts. Analyses show that the numerical simulation results are consistent with the measured data in situ.

Heat Transfer Method for Solid Flow Rate Measurement in Gas-Solid Two Phase Flow

A new method for measuring the solid flow rate in gas solid two phase flow is introduced in this paper. An electrically heated probe was put in a gas solid two phase flow. For certain solid particles, the flow media with different velocities and concentrations of particles produced different effects on heat transfer with the probe. The solid flow rate can be measured according to the intensity of heat transfer. Experiments were made on a pilot pneumatic conveying device. Research results prove that the method works effectively and reliably.

A study on periodic boundary condition in direct numerical simulation for gas–solid flow

Direct numerical simulation(DNS) of gas–solid flow at high resolution has been carried out by coupling the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) for gas flow and the discrete element method(DEM) for solid particles. However,the body force periodic boundary condition(FPBC) commonly used to cut down the huge computational cost of such simulation has faced accuracy concerns. In this study, a novel two-region periodic boundary condition(TPBC) is presented to remedy this problem, with the flow driven in the region with body force and freely evolving in the other region. With simulation cases for simple circulating fluidized bed risers, the validity and advantages of TPBC are demonstrated with more reasonable heterogeneity of the particle distribution as compared to the corresponding case with FPBC.

Mathematical modeling for coupled solid elastic-deformation and gas leak flow in multi-coal-seams

Based on the new viewpoint of solid and gas interaction mechanics, gas leakage in a double deformable coal seam can be understood. That is, under the action of geophysical fields, the methane flow in a double deformable coal seam can be essentially considered to be compressible with time dependent and mixed permeation and diffusion through a pore cleat deformable heterogeneous and anisotropy medium. Based on this new viewpoint, a coupled mathematical model for coal seam deformation and gas leakage in a double coal seam was formulated and numerical simulations for gas emission from the coal seam are presented. It is found that coupled models might be closer to reality.

Numerical simulation on gas-solid flow during circulating fluidized roasting of bauxite by a computational particle fluid dynamics method

A full-cycle numerical simulation of a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)by the use of the computational particle fluid dynamics(CPFD)method has been developed.The effects of the presence or absence of the secondary air,different secondary air positions,and different secondary air ratios on the gas–solid flow characteristics were explored.The results show that the presence of the secondary air makes a core-annular structure of the velocity distribution of particles in the fluidized bed,which enhances the uniformity of particles’distribution and the stability of fluidization.The position and the ratio of the secondary air have a significant impact on the particle distribution,particle flow rate,and gas flow rate in the fluidized bed.When the secondary air position and ratio are optimal,the particles,particle flow rate,and air flow rate in the CFB are evenly distributed,the gas–solid flow state is good,and the CFB can operate stably.

CFD studies on the separation performance of a new combined gas–solid separator used in TMSR-SF

In order to comply with discharge standards, a gas–solid separator is used to remove solid particles from the thorium molten salt reactor-solid fuel (TMSR-SF) system. As a key component, it directly determines system energy efficiency. However, current gas–solid separators, based on activated carbon adsorption technology, result in high pressure drops and increased maintenance costs. In the present study, a new combined gas–solid separator was developed for the TMSR-SF. Based on a simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the gas–solid twophase flow and the motion trajectory of solid particles were simulated for this new separator using commercial ANSYS 16.0 software. The flow and separation mechanism for this structure were also been discussed in terms of their velocity effects and pressure field distributions, and then the structure was optimized based on the influence of key structural parameters on pressure and separation efficiency. The results showed that the standard k–ε model could be achieved and accurately simulated the new combined separator. In this new combined gas–solid separator, coarse particles are separated in the first stage using rotating centrifugal motion, and then fine particles are filtered in the second stage, giving a separation efficiency of up to 96.11%. The optimum blade inclination angle and numbers were calculated to be 45° and four, respectively. It implicated that the combined separator could be of great significance in a wide variety of applications.

SOLID-GAS INTERACTION MODELLING FOR MINING SAFETY RANGE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

Coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious natural calamities in collieries. And protective layer mining is an effective regional method for preventing and controlling coal outburst. However, how to rationally determine the mining safety range in coal mining of protective layer with quantitative analysis is a difficult problem in rock mechanics and mining engineering so far. Then in this paper applied solid gas interaction mechanics for gas leakage flow, the solid gas interaction analysis for the safety range of up protective layer mining has been achieved with the results of experimental research and in situ measurements so that the result of numerical simulation for the difficult problem is closer to reality. Furthermore, the safety range of up protective layer mining can be determined with time dependent based on the result of numerical simulation.

Characteristics of a Flow Transducer Based on Polarized Charge

In this paper we analyze the characteristics of a flow transducer based on polarized charge. The effects of the charged particles in pneumatic pipeline on the measurement pipe potential are discussed in detail and the equivalent circuits of the potential measurement are presented. On this bases, the relationships between mass flowrate and the electrical potential are obtained for different time constants of the measurement circuit. A satisfactory model is presented based on the characteristics of gas solid two phase flow. The linearity of the model is verified by the experiment results. The transducer, which is coaxially connected with the transport pipeline, does not disturb the flow state and has the features of ruggedness and durability, it is especially suitable for industry process control.

Study of fluid cell coarsening for CFD-DEM simulations of polydisperse gas–solid flows

Particle polydispersity is ubiquitous in industrial fluidized beds,which possesses a significant impact on hydrodynamics of gas-solid flow.Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)is promising to adequately simulate gas-solid flows with continuous particle size distribution(PSD)while it still suffers from high computational cost.Corresponding coarsening models are thereby desired.This work extends the coarse-grid model to polydisperse systems.Well-resolved simulations with different PSDs are processed through a filtering procedure to modify the gas-particle drag force in coarse-grid simulations.We reveal that the drag correction of individual particle exhibits a dependence on filtered solid volume fraction and filtered slip velocity for both monodisperse and polydisperse systems.Subsequently,the effect of particle size and surrounding PSD is quantified by the ratio of particle size to Sauter mean diameter.Drag correction models for systems with monodisperse and continuous PSD are developed.A priori analysis demonstrates that the developed models exhibit reliable prediction accuracy.

气固两相流横掠圆管传热的研究

本文根据气固两相流横掠圆管的传热机理，建立了能综合考虑颗粒运动轨迹、颗粒与壁面的碰撞频率、碰撞角度、颗粒在壁面停留时间、颗粒与壁面接触面积、固体颗粒浓度、颗粒粒度、圆管位置、烟气流速和温度等因素对气固两相流传热影响的两维数学模型。模型通过对流场和颗粒场的计算可较好地模拟气固两相流传热过程的复杂性和随机性，模型计算结果与实验相吻合。本模型可为工程应用提供较可靠的计算方法。

基于尘粒启动特性的新型吸尘装置流场数值模拟及试验

根据铁路道床表面不同的吸污工况要求,针对原有产品吸污效率不高的问题,提出新型的吸尘装置结构,建立其物理及数学模型,对不同作业方式的尘粒启动机理进行研究;运用计算流体力学技术对不同参数条件下吸污效率进行仿真分析,并对吸污装置内部气流相和颗粒相进行仿真研究,对2种作业模式试验效果进行验证和对比。研究结果表明:吹吸作业模式适用于灰尘较少工况,吹扫吸作业模式则能满足能够满足污物较大且堆积较厚的工况,尤其适用于运煤专线线路煤粉的收集。

受限空间内射流影响下主流内气固两相流动实验研究

为了研究壁面射流在受限空间内对不同粒径颗粒群分布的影响及其作用机理,搭建了横向矩形通道内的射流气固两相流动实验台。通过调整均匀流动段内的隔栅网数量和位置,在无射流条件下使不同粒径颗粒在高度方向上均匀充满整个横向通道。在主流雷诺数7.9×104,射流雷诺数1.8×104的条件下,采用PIV系统对流动通道中的气流场和颗粒分布进行测量。由瞬态涡结构图片发现,带主流受限空间内的射流涡结构与自由射流涡结构具有明显差异,存在不对称的连续涡结构发生、脱落与破裂过程。通过观察射流对不同尺度颗粒的影响,详细分析了射流对颗粒分布发生影响的两大机理,并由此预见了壁面射流控制手段在工程上的应用性。

稀疏两相射流中颗粒碰撞的数值研究

为了研究稀疏气固两相流动中颗粒间的碰撞行为及其对颗粒扩散的影响,对三维两相湍流射流进行了直接数值模拟。其中对流场控制方程的求解采用有限容积法和分步投影算法,对颗粒的跟踪采用拉格朗日方法,对颗粒间的碰撞采用硬球模型模拟。结果发现,在流场中局部浓度较高的区域颗粒碰撞频繁发生;受局部富集效应和湍流输运作用两方面的影响,颗粒的平均碰撞次数并不是随着Stokes数的增加呈现简单的线性增加,而是在Stokes数为0·1附近存在一个极值;考虑颗粒间的碰撞作用以后,颗粒的分布更加均匀,沿横向和展向的扩散也都有所增加。

涡激振动对管道液固两相流流场的影响

采用以颗粒动力学为基础的Euler-Euler双流体模型和计算流体动力学(CFD)技术模拟涡激振动下的管道内部液固两相流流动,研究了涡激振动对深海采矿矿物颗粒水利提升的影响.通过对3种涡激振动工况下液固两相流流场计算分析,发现管道的涡激振动会改变颗粒轴向速度分布和颗粒浓度分布.在涡激振动作用下颗粒轴向速度分布发生"波动"现象,颗粒浓度分布发生周期性的变化,局部浓度明显提高.

底饲进料循环喷动床气固两相流数值模拟

底饲进料循环喷动床烟气脱硫装置采用底饲进料、面饲回料,是一种改进的干法烟气脱硫技术。该技术应用底饲进料系统将新鲜脱硫剂喷入塔内,通过改善进料颗粒在塔内截面上的均匀分布,从而进一步提高脱硫剂的钙利用率。应用Euler/Lagrange方法模拟研究了不同进料方式对脱硫塔内颗粒流动和混合的影响。结果表明:底饲进料循环喷动床底部喷射流的存在对于塔内气固两相流有明显的优化作用;相对于常规循环流化床采用面饲加料,底饲进料方式可以使进料颗粒在塔内截面上尤其是底部喷水增湿区域分布更加均匀,气固混合得到明显增强;底饲系统采用六口喷嘴可以获得更好的改善效果。

水力旋流器内固相颗粒径向运动规律的预测模型

利用新型激光测量仪器——粒子动态分析仪对水力旋流器中固粒的径向运动规律实测研究的结果,得出了固相颗粒径向速度沿径向分布的数学模型,在综合考虑水力旋流器结构参数、操作参数及进料物性参数等重要影响因素后得出固相颗粒径向运动规律的准数方程。本研究所得的模型为预测固相颗粒在水力旋流器中的径向运动规律提供了依据,并为水力旋流器的分离机理及其应用的深入研究提供了理论基础。

Experiments on particle cluster behaviors in a fast fluidized bed

A three-dimensional(3D) fast fluidized bed with the riser of 3.0 m in height and 0.1 m in inner diameter was established to experimentally study the cluster behaviors of Geldart B particles. Five kinds of quartz sand particles(dp= 0.100, 0.139, 0.177, 0.250 and 0.375 mm and ρp= 2480 kg·m^(-3)) were respectively investigated, with the total mass of the bed material kept as 10 kg. The superficial gas velocity in the riser ranges from 2.486 to 5.594 m·s^(-1) and the solid mass flux alters from 30 to 70 kg·((m^(-2)·s))^(-1). Cluster characteristics and evolutionary processes in the different positions of the riser were captured by the cluster visualization systems and analyzed by the self-developed binary image processing. The results found four typical cluster structures in the riser,i.e., the macro stripe-shaped cluster, saddle-shaped cluster, U-shaped cluster and the micro cluster. The increasing superficial gas velocity and particle sizes result in the increasing average cluster size and the decreasing cluster time fraction, while the solid mass flux in the riser have the reverse influences on the cluster size and time fraction. Additionally, clusters in the upper region of the riser often have the larger size and time fraction than that in the lower region. All these effects of operating conditions on clusters become less obvious when particle size is less than 0.100 mm.

Numerical Investigation of Coupling Effect in Muitipipe Ceramic Filter Vessel

The Reynolds stress transport model and the Eulerian two-fluid model provided by the FLUENT code were applied to evaluate the gas-particle two-phase flow in the ceramic filter vessel. The ceramic filter vessel contains six candle filters, which are arranged in the form of equilateral hexagon. The variation of the areal density of the filter cake during the filtration and the back-pulse process were analyzed. The coupling effect between filters, gas and solid, filtration and pulse cleaning process were investigated, respectively. The numerical results show a good approach to predict the particle distribution in the vessel and the particle deposition on the filter element. This study provides the base for the intensive study on the analysis of the gas-particle flow in the filter vessel.