Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Stirred Tank with a Rushton Impeller

The gas-liquid flow field in a stirred tank with a Rushton diskturbine, including the impeller region, was numerically simulatedusing the improved inner-outer iterative procedure. Thecharacteristic features of the stirred tank, such as gas cavity andaccumulation of gas at the two sides of wall baffles, can be capturedby the simulation. The simulated results agree well with availableexperimental data. Since the improved inner-outer iterative algorithmdemands on empirical formula and experimental data for the impellerregion, and the approach seems generally applicable for simulatinggas-liquid stirred tanks.

Effect of the Inclination of Baffles on the Power Consumption and Fluid Flows in a Vessel Stirred by a Rushton Turbine

The role of baffles in mechanically stirred tanks is to promote the stability of power drawn by the impeller and to avoid the fluid swirling, thus enhancing mixing. The present paper numerically investigates the baffles effects in a vessel stirred by a Rushton turbine. The geometric factor of interest is the baffle inclination which is varying between 25°, 32.5°, 45°, 70° and 90° at different impeller rotational speeds. The impeller rotational direction has also been varied. The vortex size and power consumption were evaluated for each geometrical configuration. It was found that the best configuration is the baffle inclination by = 70° at a negative angular velocity.

Effect of an Inclined Slots on the Power Consumption and Vortices Size in a Rushton Turbine Agitated Tank

Mechanical agitation in baffled vessels with turbines plays a vital role in achieving homogeneous fluid mixing and promoting various transfer operations.Therefore,designing vessels with optimal energy efficiency and flow dynamics is essential to enhance operational performance and eliminate flow perturbations.Hence,the present research focuses on a numerical investigation of the impact of inclined slots with different angles installed at the side-wall of a cylindrical vessel equipped with a Rushton turbine.This study explores power consumption and vortex size while considering various rotation directions of the impeller with different rotation speeds.The numerical simulations are conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 104 to 105,using the RANS k-εturbulence model to govern the flow inside the stirred vessel,accounting for mass and momentum balances.The results have shown that the installation of slots reduces power consumption and vortex size compared to conventional vessel configu-rations.Moreover,increasing the slot angle from 0 to 32.5°further reduces energy consumption and vortex size,especially with negative rotation speeds.On the other hand,increasing the Reynolds numbers leads to a decrease in power consumption and an increase in vortex size.The present research therefore proposes a design for con-structing Rushton-turbine stirred vessels offering optimal operation,characterized by reduced energy consumption and minimized vortex size.

Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow Field in a Stirred Tank

Stirred tanks are used extensively in process industry and one of the most commonly used impellers in stirred tanks is the R.ushton disk turbine. Surprisingly few data are available regarding flow and mixing in stirred-tank reactors with Rushton turbine in the laminar regime, in particular the laminar flow in baffled tanks.In this paper, the laminar flow field in a baffled tank stirred by a standard R.ushton turbine is simulated with the improved inner-outer iterative method. The non-inertial coordinate system is used for the impeller region, which is in turn used as the boundary conditions for iteration. It is found that the simulation results are in good agreement with previous experiments. In addition, the flow number and impeller power number calculated from the simulated flow field are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. This numerical method allows prediction of flow structure requiring no experimental data as the boundary conditions and has the potential of being used to scale-up and design of related process equipment.

Experimental study of power consumption, local characteristics distributions and homogenization energy in gas–liquid stirred tank reactors

In this paper, the power consumption, the vertical local void fraction and the local gas–liquid interfacial area are investigated in the aerated stirred tank reactors(STRs) equipped with a rigid-flexible impeller. Meanwhile, the regressive correlation based on power consumption and interfacial area is proposed. Then a novel homogenization energy(HE = RSDPtm) expression based on power consumption and local interfacial area is redefined and used to indicate the mixing efficiency. The optimal operating mode is selected based on the change of the HE value. This paper can provide research ideas for structural optimization of stirred reactors.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON BUBBLE DIAMETER AND GAS HOLDUP IN AERATED STIRRED TANKS

Experiments were carried out in geometrically similar vessels with diameters of 0.287, 0.495 and 1.1m respectively. Bubble diameter distribution was measured with a dual electric conductivity probe placed in the tanks. Gas holdup was measured by spillover method. Considering the coalescence of bubbles in the upper circulation region of the aeration stirred tank, introducing the concepts of turbulence decay and effective viscosity of gas-liquid system into this work, and taking into account the equilibrium between the surface energy of the bubbles and the energy supplied by agitation, mathematical models for bubble diameter and mean gas holdup were derived. The mathematical models were confirmed by experimental data.

HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL FOR THE IMPELLER REGION IN AN AERATED AND STIRRED TANK

The radial and axial distribution of mean 1iquid velocity were measured by a.hot-filmanemometer at the impeller region in an aerated and stirred tank 0.287m in diameter.The tangentialjet model for impeller discharge flow used for single phase flow was modified to conform with thecharacteristics of gas-liquid flow.The radial and axial velocity profiles at the impeller region in thegas-liquid stirred tank were calculated by the model The results predicted by the model were in goodagreement with those obtained in experiment.

带稳定翼四斜叶-Rushton组合桨釜内转速对流场的影响

利用计算流体力学(CFD)对带稳定翼四斜叶-Rushton组合桨釜内流场进行数值模拟,分析了不同转速下釜内流型、速度场、湍动能的变化规律。研究结果表明:搅拌器转速显著影响釜内流场和湍动能的分布,转速N=110 r/min时,釜内流型为径向流,稳定翼的切割推流作用表现明显,在釜内组合桨中间区域形成了一个高速涡旋,釜内流型为最佳流型;在该转速条件下釜内低速区趋近消失,速度分布合理;此时釜内上部和釜底的湍动能分层消失,釜内流体整体湍动程度较高,混合效果明显增强。

应用SSTk-ω湍流模型计算Rushton搅拌釜流场

应用SSTkω-湍流模型对Rushton搅拌釜流场进行了计算,并与文献报道实验数据以及标准k-ε模型、RNGkω-模型预测结果进行了比较。结果表明SSTkω-模型所计算的排除流量准数与实验值相差较小,桨叶区速度场与实验数据吻合较好,略优于标准k-ε模型,同时也给出了近壁区的计算结果。在湍动动能的预报上,SSTk-ω模型值与标准k-ε模型比较接近,优于RNGkε-模型,但与实验值都还不同程度地存在着一些差异。

用改进的内外迭代法数值模拟Rushton涡轮搅拌槽流场

在有挡板的搅拌槽中,受搅拌桨驱动的液体在挡板的作用下会产生复杂的三维湍流流动.利用“快照”法思路和改进的内外迭代法及ke湍流模型对Rushton涡轮有挡板的搅拌槽进行了整体数值模拟. 同文献中的实验数据进行了比较,模拟值同实验值基本吻合. 改进后的内外迭代法不依赖经验公式和实验数据,有一定的通用性.

Cs-137γ射线CT测量标准Rushton搅拌釜气含率分布及数字图像重建

对一个Cs-137辐射源、7个扇型排列探测器旋转方式的γ射线CT测量气液反应釜气含率分布实验装置作了介绍,建立了该实验装置测量气含率分布和数字彩色图像重建的数学模型,并对20cm内直径的标准Rushton气液搅拌釜进行了空釜扫描验证实验和气液搅拌两种状态的比较实验。实验结果证明该CT实验装置测量结果准确,所形成气液两相气含率分布数字彩色图像清晰可辨,空间分辨率可达2mm。为了进一步进行气含率分布的定量比较,列出了平均气含率沿无因次半径的变化曲线。

Rushton桨搅拌槽内平均流场的二维PIV试验研究

用粒子图像测速技术(Particle image velocimetry,简称PIV)对带有Rushton桨叶的,无挡板搅拌槽内的流场进行研究。在叶轮转速240 r/min下,流动的雷诺数Re=1 527时,获取了桨叶处以及桨叶转过5个不同角度处的粒子图像。在对粒子图像进行处理和计算后,得到了相平均速度场和系综平均速度场,并给出了速度分布剖面图。结果表明,所研究的Rushton桨搅拌槽内径向喷射流动沿桨叶垂直方向是非对称的,而是向下方倾斜。在桨叶附近,径向流动速度高。随着流动远离桨叶,径向速度在降低。因此径向喷射流动作用就相当于自由射流:叶轮桨叶喷射出的流体进入周围大量低速运动的流体中,卷吸周围流体,并沿轴向和径向扩散,从而使更多的流体参与混合和反应。所作研究对于深入了解搅拌槽内流场结构具有实际意义。

改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨槽内流场特性研究

为将改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨高效应用于实际工程,通过计算流体动力学(CFD)对装配改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌槽内的流场进行了模拟研究,与三斜叶-Rushton组合桨进行了对比;并通过粒子图像测速(PIV)技术研究该组合桨槽内搅拌转速n、桨叶间距C2及离底距离C1的变化对流场产生的影响。结果表明当转速为100 r×min^(-1)时能有效改善槽底和上桨叶区域的混合效果,槽内速度分布相对均匀,实验结果和模拟结果吻合效果较好;模拟结果表明改进型三斜叶桨的泵吸效果较三斜叶桨更强,能有效缩小搅拌槽底部和内壁附近的低速区域,槽内混合效果更好;实验结果表明当桨叶间距为0.25h时,槽内速度分布更合理;当离底距离为0.3h时,上桨叶区的较低速区域进一步缩小。

带稳定翼四斜叶-Rushton组合桨釜内流场实验研究

通过粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对装配带稳定翼的四斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌槽内的流场进行了实验研究,研究了该组合桨釜内搅拌转速N、桨叶间距C_(2)和离底距离C_(1)的变化对流场的影响,并将该组合桨的釜内流场与四斜叶-Rushton组合桨的釜内流场进行对比。研究结果表明:转速N=110 r/min时,上层桨的稳定翼的切割推流作用表现明显,釜内上部分区域流速增大,有利于釜内介质的混合和传质;桨叶间距C_(2)=0.23h时,两桨叶配合更好,稳定翼的切割推流作用使釜内形成较好的流场;离底距离C_(1)=0.24h时,釜内上部分低速区域明显缩小,釜内速度分布合理;带稳定翼的四斜叶-Rushton组合桨釜内中心区域流场的混合传质能力较四斜叶-Rushton组合桨更强,且釜内上部分不易产生悬浮物,稳定翼结构对釜内流体的径向流动更有益。

基于计算流体动力学的改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌釜内流场研究

聚合反应过程中的搅拌操作直接影响聚合产物的质量。采用计算流体动力学技术对改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌釜内流场进行数值模拟,研究了不同转速下该组合桨搅拌釜内的流体速度分布和湍动能分布,并将其与三斜叶-Rushton组合桨进行对比研究。研究结果表明,与三斜叶-Rushton组合桨相比,改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨搅拌釜轴向高度z/H=0.205横截面的速度分布更有利于釜内流体的混合,转速100 r/min时搅拌釜内流体速度分布更合理;改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨桨叶间区域湍动能分布的连续性更好,轴向高度z/H=0.205横截面搅拌轴和搅拌釜内壁处的湍动能比三斜叶-Rushton组合桨的更高。研究结果可为改进型三斜叶-Rushton组合桨在聚合反应工业的应用提供参考。

涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合过程的数值模拟

文中采用FLUENT软件对六直叶涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程进行了数值模拟 ,选用多重参考系法(MRF)及标准k ε模型 ,将速度场与浓度场方程分开进行求解 ,所得的混合时间的模拟结果与实验值相吻合。同时用计算机流体力学 (CFD)方法研究了不同的加料点、监测点位置及操作条件对混合时间的影响规律 ,模拟结果表明 :混合过程主要由搅拌槽内的流体流动所控制 ,混合时间与加料点及监测点位置密切相关。研究结果对于工业搅拌反应器的优化具有一定的参考意义。

搅拌槽内近桨区流动场的数值研究

利用滑移网格方法,采用三种不同密度的网格,计算了六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的三维流动场。利用数值方法得到了桨叶附近流动场中所产生的尾涡,并将不同密度网格下的数值模拟结果与实验数据进行了比较。计算结果表明,在高密度的网格下可以清楚地观察到桨叶附近所产生的尾涡,其大小与实验结果一致,但尾涡衰减较快;叶端的径向与切向速度分布与实验值吻合较好,加密网格对最大径向及切向速度的预测精度有明显提高;即使采用很高的网格密度,对湍流动能的预测仍然偏低。

双层涡轮桨搅拌槽内混合过程的数值模拟

采用FLUENT软件对双层六直叶涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程进行了数值模拟,选用RNG标准κ-ε模型及多重参考系法(MRF),通过改变网格策略,增加网格数量,并降低浓度收敛残差的方法,将速度场与浓度场方程分开求解,预测了不同的加料点、监测点位置及操作条件对混合时间的影响规律。模拟结果表明:搅拌功率的模拟值与实验值吻合良好,但由于模型基于各向同性的假设,且双层六直叶涡轮桨两桨之间子域的存在,混合时间的模拟结果与实验值有较大的误差。

一种计算搅拌槽混合时间的新方法

基于对混合时间定义的思考,提出了一种新的定义方法,在湍流流场数值计算的基础上通过求解示踪剂的浓度输运方程,研究了单层涡轮桨搅拌槽内的混合过程。结果表明:搅拌转速和搅拌桨安装位置都影响混合时间的大小,而进料位置对混合时间的影响不大。对于不同的搅拌转速而言,随搅拌转速的增大,相同体积分数对应的混合时间逐渐减小。当搅拌桨安装在槽中间位置时所对应的混合时间最小。利用适宜的尺寸和安装位置的导流筒可有效降低混合时间。

搅拌槽内三维流动场的RNG k-ε数值模拟

RNGk ε模型在耗散率方程中通过系数C 1引入描述流场畸变效应的附加源项后 ,在一定程度上会改善对旋转流、浮力流等较复杂湍流的预报能力。本文应用该模型对六直叶涡轮搅拌桨的三维流动场进行了数值模拟 ,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较。计算结果表明 :RNGk ε模型对桨叶附近速度场的预报较k ε模型有一定程度改善 ,但对湍流动能的预报却要比k ε模型差。若要进一步改进对桨叶附近流动场的预报 ,必须放弃基于各向同性假设的湍流模型 。