Optimal selection of annulus radius ratio to enhance heat transfer with minimum entropy generation in developing laminar forced convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid flow

Heat transfer and entropy generation of developing laminar forced convection flow of water-Al_2O_3 nanofluid in a concentric annulus with constant heat flux on the walls is investigated numerically. In order to determine entropy generation of fully developed flow, two approaches are employed and it is shown that only one of these methods can provide appropriate results for flow inside annuli. The effects of concentration of nanoparticles, Reynolds number and thermal boundaries on heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation of developing laminar flow inside annuli with different radius ratios and same cross sectional areas are studied. The results show that radius ratio is a very important decision parameter of an annular heat exchanger such that in each Re, there is an optimum radius ratio to maximize Nu and minimize entropy generation. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles concentration on heat transfer enhancement and minimizing entropy generation is stronger at higher Reynolds.

The Effect of the Gap Ratio on the Flow and Heat Transfer over a Bluff Body in Near-Wall Conditions

In order to study the effect of different gap ratios on the thermofluid-dynamic field around a bluff body located in proximity to a heated wall,a series of experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted.The former were carried out using an open circulating water tank experimental platform and a single cylinder and square column as geometrical models(their characteristic length being D).The latter were based on the well-known SIMPLE algorithm for incompressible flow.The results show that the gap ratio is an important factor affecting the wake characteristics of near-wall bluff bodies.When the gap ratio is small,the influence of the wall on the bluff body wake is large.With an increase in the gap extension,periodic vortex shedding is enabled and heat transfer is strengthened accordingly;in addition,the vortex shedding period is larger for the square column.The square column displays hysteresis compared with the cylinder at the same gap ratio(the critical gap ratio of cylinder is 0.2~0.4,while that of square column is 0.4
0.6).

Augmentation of Heat Transfer in Pipe Flow Using Plain Twisted Tape Inserts for Different Twist Ratios

The heat transfer augmentation of plain twisted tape inserts for different twist ratios has been studied in this study. The data are conducted using the plain twisted tape insert with five different twist ratios respectively. The range of Reynolds number is considered under a uniform heat flux condition. In the case of simulation, the tapes are made from a stainless steel strip with a thickness of 2 mm. A tubular pipe with 850mm U-loop length and twist length of 800 mm each is considered in our study for simulation. Water is used as working fluids inside the tube for our simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the important heat transfer parameters including Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f) and thermal performance index (η) are gradually increased with the increment of the twist ratio and reached at the saturated level while twist ratio is 3.5,?afterward the thermal properties are decreased.

Effect of Hole Configuration on Heat Transfer through a Hollow Block Subjected to Solar Flux

In this paper,some effort is provided to optimize the geometry of a concrete hollow brick(used in the construction of building roofs)in order to increase the related thermal resistance,thereby reducing energy consumption.The analysis is conducted for three different configurations of the hollow concrete bricks.Coupling of conduction,natural convection and thermal radiation phenomena is considered.Moreover,the flows are assumed to be laminar and two-dimensional for the whole range of parameters examined.The conservation equations are solved by a finite difference method based on the control volumes approach and the SIMPLE algorithm for velocity-pressure coupling.The results show that the aspect ratio affects neither the nature of the fluid flow nor the number of convective cells.However,the extension of the circulation cells increases with this parameter.Moreover,the cavities with a large aspect ratio lead to significant reductions in the heat transfer through the hollow block,these reductions reaching approximately 14%.

Development and application of inverse heat transfer model between liquid metal and shot sleeve in high pressure die casting process under non-shooting condition

To predict the heat transfer behavior of A380 alloy in a shot sleeve, a numerical approach(inverse method) is used and validated by high pressure die casting(HPDC) experiment under non-shooting condition. The maximum difference between the measured and calculated temperature profiles is smaller than 3 °C, which suggests that the inverse method can be used to predict the heat transfer behavior of alloys in a shot sleeve. Furthermore, the results indicate an increase in maximum interfacial heat flux density(q_(max)) and heat transfer coefficient(h_(max)) with an increase in sleeve filling ratio, especially at the pouring zone(S2 zone). In addition, the values of initial temperature(T_(IDS)) and maximum shot sleeve surface temperature(T_(simax)) at the two end zones(S2 and S10) are higher than those at the middle zone(S5). Moreover, in comparison with fluctuations in heat transfer coefficient(h) with time at the two end zones(S2 and S10), 2.4-6.5 kW ·m^(-2)·K^(-1), 3.5-12.5 kW ·m^(-2)·K^(-1), respectively, more fluctuations are found at S5 zone, 2.1-14.7 kW ·m^(-2)·K^(-1). These differences could theoretically explain the formation of the three zones: smooth pouring zone, un-smooth middle zone and smooth zone, with different morphologies in the metal log under the non-shot casting condition. Finally, our calculations also reveal that the values of q_(max) and h_(max) cast at 680 °C are smaller than those cast at 660 °C and at 700 °C.

Blockage effects on viscous fluid flow and heat transfer past a magnetic obstacle in a duct

The effect of lateral walls on fluid flow and heat transfer is investigated when a fluid passes a magnetic obstacle. The blockage ratio β that represents the ratio between the width of external magnet M y and the spanwise width L y is employed to depict the effect. The finite volume method （FVM） based on the PISO algorithm is applied for the blockage ratios of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. The results show that the value of Strouhal number St increases as the blockage ratio β increases, and for small β , the variation of St is very small when the interaction parameter and Reynolds number are increasing. Moreover, the cross-stream mixing induced by the magnetic obstacle can enhance the wall-heat transfer and the maximum value of the overall heat transfer increment is about 50.5%.

Development of high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchanger based on multi-tool milling process

A high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchanger based on multi-tool milling process was developed. Several slotting cutters were stacked together for simultaneously machining several high-aspect-ratio microchannels with manifold structures. On the basis of multi-tool milling process, the structural design of the manifold side height, microchannel length, width, number, and interval were analyzed. The heat transfer performances of high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchangers with two different manifolds were investigated by experiments, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results indicate that the magnitude of heat transfer area per unit volume dominates the heat transfer performances of plate-type micro heat exchanger, while the velocity distribution between microchannels has little effects on the heat transfer performances.

STUDY OF THE HEAT AND HUMIDITY TRANSFER PROCESSES BETWEEN AIR AND WATER IN THE AIR WASHER

The processes of heat and humidity transfer between air and water are what to be studied mainly in the paper, we put forward some main factors which influence the processes of heat and humidity transfer in the air washer. We come to the conclusion that we can change these main factors to achieve different heat and humidity transfer processes and decide processes of heat and humidity transfer of air and water with the initial temperature of spraying water in the air washer. All these results can make things convenient for the air conditioning management.

气膜孔堵塞对凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值方法,研究了燃气透平叶片气膜孔堵塞条件下凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能,获得了3种吹风比M=0.5, 1.0, 1.5和不同堵塞比B=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8条件下的凹槽叶顶的气膜冷却效率和传热系数分布。研究表明:气膜孔堵塞会导致凹槽叶顶气膜冷却性能下降、热负荷升高,堵塞比越大,凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能越差。气膜孔堵塞显著改变了叶顶区域的流场结构,加剧冷气的抬升效应,导致冷气过早离开凹槽。吹风比是影响堵塞工况下凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的重要因素,吹风比为1.0、堵塞比为0.8时,凹槽叶顶的面积平均气膜冷却效率相比于未堵塞时下降了64.88%、传热系数上升了13.01%。减小吹风比可以改善小堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.4时,叶顶平均气膜冷却效率仅下降了6.82%,但小吹风比会导致大堵塞比工况下的气膜冷却性能恶化严重,吹风比为0.5、堵塞比为0.8时,平均气膜冷却效率下降了82.09%。增大吹风比,可改善大堵塞比工况下的叶顶气膜冷却性能,吹风比为1.5、堵塞比为0.8条件下叶顶平均气膜冷却效率下降了51.34%、传热系数上升了11.52%。

卧式套管潜热蓄热单元偏心与肋片结构优化模拟

利用偏心布置增强相变蓄热单元内部自然对流是提高相变蓄热系统性能的新思路,为了更深入地研究偏心布置对相变蓄热系统性能的影响,基于焓-孔隙率法建立了卧式套管相变蓄热单元的三维数学模型,并利用Fluent软件对环形空间相变材料熔化过程进行数值模拟,通过对熔化过程流场、液相率及温度云图的分析,将熔化过程划分为三个阶段:导热主导的初始阶段,随后是自然对流和导热的混合作用的阶段,以及导热再次占主导地位的最终阶段,并将相变材料环形空间划分为两个区域,据此提出新的评价参数“偏心面积比”。结果表明:硬脂酸作为相变材料时较佳的偏心面积比位于16∶1附近,熔化时间相对于同心布置缩短了45.8%,但同时会使蓄热单元㶲效率略有降低,并且预测对于其他材料,预期的最佳偏心面积比与使用材料的自然对流强度和导热能力之间的比值有直接相关。利用偏心结构与肋片结合的方法进一步强化传热,比较了螺旋肋、十字肋和X形肋三种肋片,发现X形肋具有较佳性能,与相应偏心无肋结构相比熔化时间缩短了36.7%,比螺旋肋和十字肋结构分别缩短了20.3%和7.1%。

吉林油田典型集输接转站场提质提效研究

吉林油田地面工程系统中接转站存在高能耗问题。通过分析接转站的主要工作流程,计算出每个流程中用能环节的能耗占比,找出接转站产生高能耗的主要原因为加热炉的能耗过高。对加热炉出口温度进行调整,降低加热炉能耗,最终达到接转站能耗降至最低的效果。优化计算结果表明,当海118接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为43.8℃和37.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为51℃和44℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳307 t/a;当新民6接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为44.4℃和44.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为54.5℃和49.5℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳375 t/a;当让47接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为47.9℃和46.6℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为57℃和56℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳333 t/a。

湿式弦栅丝绕流传热介观模型推导与数值仿真

将隧道施工过程中产生的污风进行净化消热处理,对施工隧道环境控制具有重要意义。为了找到热流体穿越湿式弦栅丝的流动换热规律,采用格子玻尔兹曼方法,建立低雷诺数下的圆柱绕流传热介观模型,进一步结合已有关联式验证模型的准确性;基于上述模型,考察雷诺数Re=200的条件下串列圆柱绕流流场与温度场分布;量化不同间距比L/D下流场与温度场的结构演化,分析换热特征参数努塞尔数Nu与间距比和换热时间的关系,揭示流场结构对温度场的影响。结果表明:流场与温度场的分布规律具有一致性,不同L/D下流场与温度场呈现不同特征,L/D较小时,上下游圆柱之间形成流动死区,换热效果差,随着L/D的增大,下游圆柱对上游圆柱流场的抑制作用减弱,尾流中出现旋涡,流动死区被打破,冷热流体掺混增强;存在临界间距比L/D=2.65,超出这一临界间距时,下游圆柱时均Nu始终大于上游圆柱,且当L/D=4时,上下游圆柱时均Nu趋于稳定,在具体工程应用中,应使间距比L/D≥4。

直流燃烧室内气体辐射换热特性研究

As one of the core components of aero-engine,the thermal protection scheme of combustion chamber has an important impact on its service life.In order to improve the design level of high-performance combustion chamber,the radiation heat transfer characteristics of combustion chamber are studied by experimental method.The following results are obtained:1)With the increase of oil-gas ratio,the gas temperature increases first and then tends to be stable,the radiant heat flow increases gradually,the convective heat flow increases gradually and then tends to be stable,and the proportion of radiant heat flow remains basically unchanged;2)With the increase of the inlet temperature,the gas temperature increases gradually,the radiant heat flow,especially in the flame barrel head area,increases significantly,the convective heat flow remains basically unchanged,and the proportion of radiant heat flow increases significantly;3)With the increase of the combustion chamber pressure,the gas temperature increases gradually.When the combustion chamber pressure is low,the radiant heat flow increases sharply with the increase of the pressure;When the combustion chamber pressure is high,the radiant heat flow increases slowly with the increase of the pressure.The convective heat flow gradually decreases and tends to be stable,and the proportion of radiant heat flow gradually increases and tends to be stable.This study is of great significance to improve the calculation accuracy of radiant heat flow of combustion chamber and the reliability design of thermal protection scheme of combustion chamber.

SV型直接接触换热器换热过程的数值模拟

为研究SV静态混合器对液-液直接接触沸腾换热过程混合及传热的影响规律,分析了相同高度下SV静态混合器长径比对直接接触沸腾换热过程的影响。搭建了直接接触换热实验平台,验证了数值模拟结果的可行性与准确性。结果表明,实验结果与模拟结果误差在3%以内;与长径比为0.5和2.0的2种混合器相比,长径比为1.0的SV静态混合器压力降最高降低了18 Pa,湍流动能大于0.002 m2/s2,容积换热系数最高提高了9.7%;压力降和容积换热系数随着长径比的减小而增大,存在最佳长径比1.0使湍流动能达到最大值。综上所述,适当减小SV混合元件长径比有利于增强换热,对直接接触换热器结构参数设计具有指导意义。

空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统在煤矿井口防冻中的特性研究

为提高空气源热泵的性能,同时更好地满足煤矿井口防冻特殊工艺要求,将空气源热泵与热管技术相耦合,使用小压比热泵机组搭建了空气源分体式热管-热泵供暖系统实验平台。该耦合系统中蒸发器和冷凝器两端均采用相变传热的方式,并对其进行不同运行工况下的性能特性研究,结果表明:该耦合供暖系统即使在0℃左右的室外条件下,耦合机组的系统制热性能仍可达到4.5以上,远远优于传统空气源热泵机组。

基于集肤电伴热的集输管道节能评价研究

为实现集输管道热力消耗方面的节能挖潜,在热油管道温降理论计算基础上,根据集中加热和集肤电伴热两种原油加热输送方式的不同,探讨了不同因素对节能比的影响,研究了停输工况下集肤电伴热的加热效果趋势,掌握运行能耗、维温效果等多项技术参数。结果表明,理论上集肤电伴热恒优于集中加热方式;节能比与总传热系数、管径、管道长度呈线性负相关,与质量流量、原油比热容呈指数正相关,在一定条件下集肤电伴热的节能效果显著;现场管道中的电伴热停止工作后,38 h后温度才突破设定的下限温度,每年可节约热能15543.55 kW,相当于关停13台1160 kW的管式加热炉,可年减少碳排量10.215 t CO_(2)。

蒸发冷凝长度比对不同微槽平板铝热管热性能的影响

为研究不同蒸发段和冷凝段长度比值对平板铝热管热性能的影响,通过实验分析了相同截面尺寸、相同填充工质、矩形微槽道和三角形微槽道的平板热管90°安装,以及采用连续递增的输入热流和冷凝段强制风冷换热时,9种不同比值对平板热管热性能的影响。研究结果表明:提出的平板微槽道热管蒸发段冷凝段长度比值对平板微槽道热管热性能的影响明显。优选的两种类型蒸发段冷凝段长度比值在0.8~1.25范围内,传热性能良好。对比不同微槽道的平板热管发现,同等条件下矩形微槽道平板热管的传热性能优于三角形微槽道平板热管,并提出蒸发段冷凝段长度比值的最佳值为1,建议应用设计中蒸发段冷凝段长度比值范围为0.8~1.0。研究结果可对平板微槽道热管应用系统的设计提供准确参考。

Effect of Radial Porosity Oscillation on the Thermal Performance of Packed Bed Latent Heat Storage

Owing to its high heat storage capacity and fast heat transfer rate,packed bed latent heat storage(LHS)is considered as a promising method to store thermal energy.In a packed bed,the wall effect can impact the packing arrangement of phase change material(PCM)capsules,inducing radial porosity oscillation.In this study,an actual-arrangement-based three-dimensional packed bed LHS model was built to consider the radial porosity oscillation.Its fluid flow and heat transfer were analyzed.With different cylindrical sub-surfaces intercepted along the radial direction in the packed bed,the corresponding relationships between the arrangement of capsules and porosity oscillation were identified.The oscillating distribution of radial porosity led to a non-uniform distribution of heat transfer fluid(HTF)velocity.As a result,radial temperature distributions and liquid fraction distributions of PCMs were further affected.The effects of different dimensionless parameters(e.g.,tube-to-capsule diameter ratio,Reynolds number,and Stefan number)on the radial characteristics of HTF and PCMs were discussed.The results showed that different diameter ratios correspond to different radial porosity distributions.Further,with an increase in diameter ratio,HTF velocity varies significantly in the near wall region while the non-uniformity of HTF velocity in the center region will decrease.The Reynolds and Stefan numbers slightly impact the relative velocity distribution of the HTF-while higher Reynolds numbers can lead to a proportional improvement of velocity,an increase in Stefan number can promote heat storage of the packed bed LHS system.

Experiment investigation on visualization and operating characteristics of closed loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, visualization of oscillations in steady state was observed visually by high-speed cameras, and temperature oscillating and heat transfer characteristics of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying liquid filled ratios(50%, 70%, 85%), section scales(1 mm×1 mm and 1 mm×1.5 mm), inclination angles, working fluids and heating inputs. It was found that during operating there was mixed flow consisting of plug flow and annular flow in channels of oscillating heat pipe at steady-state. There was an equilibrium position for working fluid of condenser during oscillating, and periodic oscillations occurred up and down in the vicinity of equilibrium position. With heat input increasing, equilibrium position rose slowly as a result of vapor pressure of evaporation.Evaporation temperature oscillating amplitude possessed a trend of small-large-small and frequency trend was of small-large during steady-state. It may be generally concluded that temperature, whether evaporator or condenser, fluctuated sharply or rose continuously when oscillating heat pipe coming to dry burning state. Simultaneously, it was found that temperature difference of cooling water possibly dropped with heat input rising during dry burning state. Thermal resistance of No. 2 with acetone was lower than that of No. 1 during experiments, but No. 2 achieving heat transfer limit was earlier than No. 1. However, with ethanol, thermal resistance of No. 1 and No. 2 were similar with the heating input less than 110-120 W and filling ratios of 50% and 70%. And with filling ratio of 85%, heating transfer performance of No. 2 was better compared to No. 1 during all the experiments.

Numerical Study on the Effects of Contraction Ratio in a Two-Phase Flow Injection Nozzle

The Euler-Euler numerical method was used to investigate the effects of contraction ratio on twophase flow mixing with mass transfer in the flow injection nozzle. The geometric shape of the nozzle was modified to improve carbonation efficiency. A gas inlet hole was created to increase the flow mixing of CO2 with water. A nozzle throat was also introduced to increase the gas dissolution by increasing flow rates. Various contraction ratios of nozzle throat, inlet gas and liquid velocities, and gas bubble sizes were employed to determine their effects on gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient. Results revealed that the flow injection nozzle with high contraction ratios improved carbonation because of high gas hold-up. Gas concentration was directly related to contraction ratio and gas flow velocities. Carbonation reduced when high liquid velocities and large gas bubbles were employed because of inefficient flow mixing. This study indicated that flow injection nozzle with large contraction ratios were suitable for carbonation because of their ability to increase gas hold-up, gas concentration, and mass transfer coefficient.