Preparation and photocatalytic performance of porous ZnO microrods loaded with Ag

Porous silver-modified ZnO microrods photocatalysts were synthesized through direct thermal decomposition of the Ag-doped zinctartrate precursor,which was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method at 80 °C for 2 h.The obtained samples were characterized by XRD,FTIR,TG？DTA and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared porous Ag/ZnO microrods was tested with the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.The results indicate that doping Ag greatly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and 3% Ag-doped（mole fraction） ZnO porous microrod photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic decolorization efficiency,leading to as much as 80% reduction of MO concentration in 120 min.Moreover,the 3% Ag-doped porous microrods also possess higher photocatalytic activity under the real sunlight irradiation.

Solvothermal fabrication of Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanocrystals with tunable oxygen vacancies and excellent photocatalytic oxidation performance in quinoline production and antibiotics degradation

Novel Bi_(2)MoO_(6) nanocrystals with tunable oxygen vacancies have been developed via a facile low-cost approach with the assistance of a glyoxal reductant under solvothermal conditions.With the introduction of oxygen vacancies,the optical absorption of Bi_(2)MoO_(6) is extended and its bandgap narrowed.Oxygen vacancies not only lead to the appearance of a defect band level in the forbidden band but can also result in a minor up-shift of the valence band maximum,promoting the mobility of photogenerated holes.Moreover,oxygen vacancies can act as electron acceptors,temporarily capturing electrons excited by light and reducing the recombination of electrons and holes.At the same time,oxygen vacancies help to capture oxygen,which reacts with the captured photogenerated electrons to generate more superoxide radicals(·O_(2)-)to participate in the reaction,thereby significantly promoting the redox performance of the photocatalyst.From Bi_(2)MoO_(6) containing these oxygen vacancies(OVBMO),excellent photocatalytic performance has been obtained for the oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to produce quinoline and cause antibiotic degradation.The reaction mechanism of the oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to quinoline over the OVBMO materials is elucidated in terms of heterogeneous Catal.via a radical pathway.

Effects of Elemental Chemical State in NiFe2O4@TiO2 on the Photocatalytic Performance

The elemental chemical state of NiFe2O4@TiO2 was changed by the reduction in order to investigate its effects on the photocatalytic performance.The synthesized NiFe2O4@TiO2 samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),magnetic and photocatalytic measurements.Unexpectedly,the reduction reaction does not produce oxygen vacancies Ov and TiOx in the TiO2 lattice.The optimal catalyst was obtained at the reducing temperature of 800℃,and its degradation efficiency De to the methylene blue and reaction rate constant Kapp are the highest,reaching 99.9% and 3×10^-2 min-1,respectively.The reason could not be explained by both the visible light absorption and the appropriate amount of Ov and TiOx.Instead,the lowest ratios of TiOH and Ti-O-Fe(Ni) may be responsible for the optimum photocatalytic performance.

Nanoparticle/Microsphere TiO_(2)/Bi_(2)WO_(6) Z-scheme Heterojunction with Excellent Visiblelight Photocatalytic Performance

Flower-like BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared by a twostep solvothermal method.BiOBr microspheres were firstly synthesized through solvothermal method.Then the out part of the BiOBr microspheres was designed to react with Na2WO4 forming Bi_(2)WO_(6) nanosheets through ion exchange process.The BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction has a larger BET surface area,smaller energy band gap,faster transfer of charge carriers and a much better visible-light photocatalytic performance than that of BiOBr and Bi_(2)WO_(6).It also has a better cycling stability than that of the BiOBr.Possible photocatalytic mechanism of the BiOBr/Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction is proposed.

Preparation and photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres

ZnO/ZnGa_2O_4 composite microspheres with heterojunction were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.These samples were characterized by TG/DTA,XRD,TEM,HRTEM,UV-vis DRS,FL and BET techniques.The results indicated the as-prepared samples showed better degree of crystalline and large specific surface area.The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange with the concentration of 50 mg/L under the irradiation of simulated sunlight.The effects of molar ratio of Zn to Ga and calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail.The results showed that the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency was observed at the molar ratio of Zn to Ga of 1:0.5 in the starting materials and the calcination temperature of 400 °C.The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate of MO was 97.1% within 60 min under the simulated sunlight irradiation,which is greatly higher than that of ZnO and ZnGa_2O_4.

Synthesis of a Novel TiO_(2)@Ag_(3)PO_(4)Core-Shell Structure with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

Ag_(3)PO_(4)exhibits a high photocatalytic activity if exposed to visible light,however,it displays bottlenecks such as poor cycle-stability and mediocre ability to degrade methyl orange(MO)because of limited adsorption of MO molecules onto its surface.In this study,nano TiO_(2)prepared by a one-step method was combined with Ag_(3)PO_(4)to form a TiO_(2)@Ag_(3)PO_(4)heterojunction in order to improve this material both in terms of photocatalysis and photostability.After adding a KH-570 silane coupling agent,the photocatalytic performance of TiO_(2)@Ag_(3)PO_(4)could be improved even further,with the degradation rate of MO maintained at more than 90%after three cycles of visible in light.

Ag3PO4 Microcrystals Synthesized by Room-Temperature Solid State Reaction:Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Photoelectronchemistry Performance

Ag3PO4 microcrystals with highly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity are prepared by a facile and simple solid state reaction at room temperature. The composition, morphology and optical properties of the asprepared Ag3PO4 microcrystMs are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytie properties of Ag3PO4 are investigated by the degradation of both methylene blue and methyl orange dyes under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals possess high photocatalytic oxygen production with the rate of 673μmolh-1g-1. Moreover, the as-prepared Ag3PO4 microcrystals show an enhanced photoelectrochemistry performance under irradiation of visible light.

Regulating the crystal phase of bismuth-based semiconductors for promoted photocatalytic performance

Numerous bismuth-based semiconductors(BBSs)with sophisticated and desirable structures used as photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water organic contaminants have attracted considerable attention.However,regulating the crystal phases and phase transition of BBSs for promoted photocatalytic performance is ignored.Herein,the unique crystal structure and band structure features of each typical BBSs,and the vital roles on phase controlling of each phase were systematically presented based on the classification of BBSs.Notably,the critical factors for the phase transition of BBSs and intrinsic driving forces endowed by phases of BBSs for enhanced photocatalytic performance of organic contaminants removal were also elucidated.This review will provide systematical guidelines and horizons for regulating the crystal phase and phase transition of BBSs,promoting photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of organic contaminants.

Solvent-assisted synthesis of porous g-C_3N_4 with efficient visible-light photocatalvtic performance for NO removal

Graphitic carbon nitride（g-C3N4） with efficient photocatalytic activity was synthesized through thermal polymerization of thiourea with the addition of water（CN-W） or ethanol（CN-E） at 550 ℃for 2 h.The physicochemical properties of the g-C3N4 were investigated by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,photoluminescence spectroscopy,diffuse-reflection spectroscopy,BET and BJH surface area characterization,and elemental analysis.The carbon content was found to have self-doped into the g-C3N4 matrix during the thermal polymerization of thiourea and ethanol.CN-W and CN-E showed considerably enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity,with NO removal percentages of 37.2%and 48.3%,respectively.Compared with pure g-C3N4,both the short and long lifetimes of the charge carriers in CN-W and CN-E were found to be prolonged.The mechanism of improved visible-light photocatalytic activity was deduced.The present work may provide a facile route to optimize the microstructure of g-C3N4photocatalysts for high-performance environmental and energy applications.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2 Nanometer Photocatalyst and Its Catalytic Performance for Methyl Orange

H3PW12O40/TiO2 nanometer photocatalyst was prepared by one step hydrothermal synthesis from H3PW12O40·nH20 and Ti（OBu）4, simultaneously realizing the load and modification of H3PW12O40. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, powder X-ray diffraction（XRD）, nitrogen adsorp- tion-desorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results show that the catalyst is Keggin struc- ture and crystallized in anatase structure, the diameter and specific area of the prepared catalyst are 3.8 nm and 177.9 m^2/g, respectively, and its dispersity is better. The photocatalytic properties were compared for TiO2H3PW12O40/TiO2 prepared by impregnation and H3PW12O40/TiO2 prepared by hydrothermal method with methyl orange as a probe. The effects of H3PW12O40 loadings, crystallization method, initial pH and concentration of dye solution on the degradation of methyl orange were investigated.

Design of(GO/TiO2)N one-dimensional photonic crystal photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation

(GO/TiO2)N(GO represents graphene oxide,and N represents the period number of alternate superposition of two dielectrics)onedimensional photonic crystal with different lattice constants was prepared via the sol–gel technique,and its transmission characteristics for photocatalysis were tested.The results show that the lattice constant,filling ratio,number of periodic layers,and incident angle had effects on the band gap.When the lattice constant,filling ratio,number of periodic layers,and incident angle were set to 125 nm,0.45,21,and 0°,respectively,a gap width of 53 nm appeared at the central wavelength(322 nm).The absorption peak of the photocatalyst at 357 nm overlapped the blue edge of the photonic band gap.A slow photon effect region above 96%reflectivity appeared.The degradation rate of tetracycline in(GO/TiO2)N photonic crystal was enhanced to 64%within 60 min.Meanwhile,the degradation efficiency of(GO/TiO2)N one-dimensional photonic crystal was effectively improved compared with those of the GO/TiO2 composite film and GO/TiO2 powder.

Enhancing visible-light photocatalytic activity of α-Bi_2O_3 via non-metal N and S doping

In recent years, some important research indicated that the visible-light activity of photocatalysts could be enhanced via incorporating p-block non-metal elements into the lattice. In this paper, we investigated the electronic structures of pure and different non-metal （C, N, S, F, Cl, and Br） doped α-Bi2O3 using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The band structures, the electronic densities of states, and the effective masses of electrons and holes for doped α-Bi2O3 were obtained and analyzed. The N and S dopings narrowed the band gap and reduced the effective mass of the carriers, which are beneficial for the photocatalytic performance. The theoretical predication was further confirmed by the experimental results.

Studies of Photocatalytic Kinetics on the Degradation of Bisphenol A （BPA） by Immobilized ZnO Nanoparticles in Aerated Photoreactors

The photocatalytic kinetics of BPA （4, 4＇-isopropylidenediphenol）, a representative endocrine disruptor, was explored using immobilized ZnO nanoparticles as a photocatalyst in a laboratory scale photocatalytic reactor. The conditions of photocatalytic degradation were optimized. Direct photocatalytic degradation of BPA was undertaken in an aqueous solution containing ZnO nanoparticles under the optimized experimental conditions. The effects of various factors, such as initial BPA concentrations, initial pH values and various anions （CI, NO3, COa2, SO42-, HCO3＂） were investigated. In the case of the nanoparticles derived films, the photocatalytic efficiency was found not to be remarkably related with the calcination temperature employed in the coating process. Screen-printed ZnO nanoparticles films obtained in the optimal processing conditions showed that the photocatalytic activity is comparable to ZnO nanoparticles in aqueous suspensions. Over 90% degradation efficiency of BPA was achieved under the optimum conditions. The degradation rates in all photocatalytic experiments were linear with the degradation efficiencies of BPA by regression analysis （r ≥ 0.99）. The results showed that the degradation kinetics of BPA in the reactor with immobilized nano-ZnO film as photocatalyst was in agreement with a pseudo-first order rate law.

氧化亚铜改性四针状氧化锌晶须表面及其光催化性能研究

本文采用简便的液相还原法以乙二醇(EG)为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂,制备了Cu_(2)O/T-ZnOw复合半导体催化剂样品,对样品的物相、微观形貌、禁带宽度、光致发光性能、光催化性能,以及可回收利用性能进行了详细研究。结果表明:随着PVP添加量的增加,四针状氧化锌晶须(T-ZnOw)表面沉积的Cu_(2)O由立方体形逐渐向球形转变;T-ZnOw表面沉积Cu_(2)O后可使半导体催化剂的禁带宽度(Eg)变窄,且能有效减少光生电子和空穴对的复合,使其光催化活性得到明显改善,紫外光照100 min时复合半导体催化剂对甲基橙(MO)溶液的降解率均提高到90%以上;复合催化剂中Cu_(2)O形貌不同其光催化活性有所差异,同等条件下,立方体形Cu_(2)O/T-ZnOw复合催化剂比球形Cu_(2)O/T-ZnOw表现出更好的光催化活性;同时复合催化剂样品展现出良好的可回收利用性能,经过六个周期的回收循环光催化降解试验后,样品对MO溶液的降解率仍能保持在80%以上。

Pt NPs增强ZnO@ZnS核-壳异质纳米棒光催化产氢性能研究

采用原位光沉积方法将铂纳米颗粒(Pt NPs)负载在核-壳异质纳米棒ZnO@ZnS表面,制备出ZnO@ZnS/Pt复合光催化剂。调控Pt NPs在ZnO@ZnS表面的负载量,探究了不同质量的Pt NPs对光催化产氢气性能的影响。结果表明,当贵金属Pt的负载量为2%(ZnO@ZnS/Pt-2)时,复合光催化产H_(2)性能最好,产氢速率为4.52 mmol/(g·h),是ZnO@ZnS的1.8倍,催化剂表现出优异的催化稳定性。在此复合材料中,贵金属Pt纳米颗粒作为助催化剂,Pt对H~+具有较低的吸附能,优先吸附H~+,光生电子转移到Pt纳米粒子表面,H^(+)在其表面得到光生电子,被还原为氢气,成功地抑制了光生电子和空穴的复合,有效地提升了催化剂的催化性能。

BiOX基复合材料的制备及光催化性能研究

BiOI作为BiOX材料中的一种,具有带隙窄、对可见光吸收强的优点。以TiO_(2)为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了TiO_(2)-BiOI复合材料,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis、PL及光催化降解等手段对复合材料进行了表征,探究了TiO_(2)不同复合比对复合材料结构和光催化性能的影响。结果表明,球状颗粒的TiO_(2)分布在BiOI的片层之间,二者复合后提高了复合材料在可见光区域的光响应能力,减小了带隙宽度。发射光谱表明,TiO_(2)-BiOI复合材料在467 nm处出现了本征发射峰,发射峰强度随TiO_(2)质量分数的增加先降低后轻微增大,TiO_(2)-BiOI-30%的PL强度最低。以甲基橙溶液模拟降解废水,TiO_(2)-BiOI复合材料对甲基橙的光催化降解率随TiO_(2)质量分数的增大表现出先增大后降低的趋势,TiO_(2)-BiOI-30%在180 min时对甲基橙的降解率最高为99.57%,较纯BiOI提高了100.62%,重复使用5次后降解率依旧高达97.02%,具有优异的重复使用性能。

以创新型人才培养为导向的探究型综合化学实验设计——以“空心CuS微米球的合成及光催化性能研究”为例

化学学科的科技创新是支撑我国建设科技强国的重要力量,因此亟需培养高质量化学类创新型人才以服务国家战略需求。化学前沿领域的新成果、新方法、新技术不断涌现,将前沿科研成果合理地融入到综合化学实验教学中,能够深化教学内容,促进学生学术创新、质疑思辨和团队协作等能力的提升。通过以空心CuS微米球的合成及光催化性能研究为例,探究了如何以创新型人才培养为导向对探究型综合化学实验进行设计,以有效发挥综合化学实验课程培养创新型科学研究人才的功效。

碳材料改性的BiOX光催化材料的研究进展

环境与能源问题严峻,人们迫切需要开发一些高效、环保、稳定的光催化剂。卤氧化铋(BiOX,X为Cl、Br、I)因其独特的层状结构、优异的光学、电学性能而受到光催化领域的广泛关注。但BiOX存在光吸收不足、电子−空穴(electron-hole,e^(−)−h^(+))快速复合、载流子浓度有限等问题而限制了它的应用。利用碳材料修饰BiOX可以极大地提升BiO X的光催化性能。简要介绍了BiOX的结构、性质、改性方案,碳材料基本类型和性质,主要综述了近几年零维,一维,二维,三维碳材料改性的BiOX光催化剂的研究进展,并分析了碳材料对BiOX光催化剂的提升机制,最后展望了碳材料改性的BiOX所面临的机遇和挑战。

负载量对硅藻土基TiO_(2)复合材料应用性能的影响

为了提高硅藻土基二氧化钛复合材料的应用性能,推进其产业化进程,采用水解-沉淀法制备了硅藻土基二氧化钛复合材料,研究了TiO_(2)负载量对复合材料吸附性能、光催化性能及白度的影响。结果表明,TiO_(2)负载量对复合材料吸附性和光催化性影响较大,对污染物的光降解性能取决于其吸附性和光催化性的协同效应,在负载量为46%时,复合材料的光降解性能较好。复合材料白度随着TiO_(2)负载量增大而增高,在负载量为46%时,复合材料白度为91%,达到建筑装饰材料白度标准。

前驱体法制备BCN及其光催化还原CO_(2)性能

以乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺为氮源,以硼酸为硼源制备不同前驱体,通过高温氨解直接合成硼碳氮(BCN-x,分别记为BCN-EDA,BCN-DETA和BCN-TETA)。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis和PL对其组成、形貌和光学性能进行表征。并在无牺牲剂和助催化剂的条件下,对BCN-x样品的光催化还原CO_(2)性能进行了评估。结果表明,所制备的样品均为片状结构,且BCN-EDA具有较高的结晶度、较好的光生载流子分离效率。所制备的BCN-x可以在350~780 nm可见光照射下将CO_(2)还原为CO和CH_(4),且BCN-EDA表现出最佳的光催化CO_(2)还原性能,CO产量为32.20μmol/g,且在20 h内能保持相当的光催化稳定性。