Facile preparation and efficient MnxCoy porous nanosheets for the sustainable catalytic process of soot

The pursuit of high-performance is worth considerable effort in catalysis for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. To develop redox catalysts with superior performance for soot combustion, a series of Mn_(x)Co_(y) oxides were synthesized using MgO template substitution.This method greatly improves the preparation and catalytic efficiency and is more in line with the current theme of green catalysts and sustainable development. The resulting Mn_(1)Co_(2.3) has a strong activation capability of gaseous oxygen due to a high concentration of Co^(3+) and Mn^(3+). The Mn doping enhanced the intrinsic activity by prompting oxygen vacancy formation and gaseous oxygen adsorption. The nanosheet morphology with abundant mesoporous significantly increased the solid–solid contact efficiency and improved the adsorption capability of gaseous reactants. The novel design of Mn_(1)Co_(2.3)oxide enhanced its catalytic performance through a synergistic effect of Mn doping and the porous nanosheet morphology, showing significant potential for the preparation of high-performance soot combustion catalysts.

TORQUE CAPACITY AND CONTACT EFFICIENCY OF A HALF TOROIDAL CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSIONS

The automotive industry is seeking new concepts for a continuously variabletransmission (CVT) in the driveline. One possible solution for a CVT design is half toroidaltraction drive, providing a high torque capacity with quick ratio change. An analytical study on thecontact points of the half toroidal CVT has been detailed. The shapes of the contact areas amongthe input disk, power roller and output disk are considered ellipses. Mathematical equations forestimating the torque capacity, power loss due to spin action, and contact efficiency of theelliptical contacts of the half toroidal CVT are formulated and expressed in the form of integralswhich can be readily evaluated by numerical scheme. The contact efficiency calculations of the halftoroidal CVT have been developed for the proper spin point locations under the effect of systemparameters. Numerical results are presented hi graphical forms for considered parameters, which canhelp the designer to select the proper system parameters to minimize the undesirable spin effects.

Influence of Friction Interface Contact on Ultrasonic Motor Efficiency Under Static Conditions

The friction interface matching plays a deterministic role in the motor efficiency,and the microcosmic contact status of friction interface should be investigated to improve the ultrasonic motor performance.The main purpose is to improve the effective output power of ultrasonic motor.Hence,one studies the contact condition of the friction interface of the ultrasonic motor,analyzes the micro condition of contact interface through finite element analysis,optimizes unreasonable structures,and compares the two different-structure ultrasonic motors through experiments.The results reflect the necessity of optimization.After optimization,the stator and rotor deform after pre-pressure and the contact interface of them full contact theoretically.When reaching heat balance the effective output of the motor is 37%,and the average effective output efficiency is 2.384 times higher than that of the unoptimized.It can be seen that the total consumption of the ultrasonic motor system decreases significantly.Therefore,when using in certain system the consumption taken from the system will decreases largely,especially in the system with a strict consumption control.

EFFICIENCY OF INVOLUTE GEAR DRIVES WITH UNDERCUT PINIONS USED IN WRIST WATCHES

In wrist watches gear drives with undercut pinions are used. Those pinions have got a tooth number as few as 5—7. The efficiency of such gear drives is important because of the limited energy supply. The mean efficiency of gear drives can be expressed as Em=1/（φ2-φ1）（integral from φ1 to φ2（E（φ）dφ）） in which 01, <sub>2 are the approach angle and the recess angle respectively. In the discussion we assume that the friction coefficient between the two tooth flanks is constant because the sliding speed is relatively low in wrist watches and the main purpose is to find out the relation between gear parameters and its efficiency rather than to calculate the exact value of the efficiency. In normal conditions o1 and o2 can be found from the gear geometry without much difficulty. However when the pinion is an undercut one we have to first find the forming diameter where the involute profile starts. In this paper equations for the computation of the efficiency and the contact ratio of those gear drives are discussed.

角接触球轴承内圈织构设计及对油气润滑两相流的影响

针对角接触球轴承油气润滑中内圈润滑油含量少和保持性差的问题,提出在轴承内圈滚道设计圆凹坑形表面织构的润滑增效方法。基于气液两相流模型和多重参考系方法,建立内圈织构化角接触球轴承腔内油气两相流数值分析模型,分析内圈织构对轴承油气两相流动及润滑增效的影响。结果表明:织构化轴承可以显著提高润滑油在内圈的保持量,同时改善轴承腔内润滑油分布不均的状况;在微织构附近油气两相流动更不规则,所产生的压力梯度和速度梯度有利于提高气液两相膜的承载力;随着轴承转速的升高,内圈织构润滑增效效果相对减弱;随着供油量的增加,内圈织构润滑增效效果更加显著。

非稳态点接触EHL问题高效直接算法研究

发展了一种研究非稳态点接触弹流润滑(Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication,简称EHL)的快速直接算法。在弹流求解过程中,通过分析计算域网格离散的特点,对离散后的Reynolds方程采取按列分块、逐列求解的求解策略,使每个时间步长上求解的方程维数显著减小,从而极大地提高了计算效率。运用新算法获得了点接触EHL纯挤压工况下油膜和压力演变过程中的典型特征,证明了新算法的正确性;数值实验和比较证明,新算法具有复合直接迭代法无可比拟的高效率,与逐行迭代法相比,新算法也具有显著的、更高的计算效率,并且随着网格数量的增加,新算法的高效性愈加凸显。

分步精超角接触球轴承外圈沟道工艺试验研究

为提高角接触球轴承外圈沟道精超的加工精度及加工效率,基于沟道表面在精超加工过程中的变化特点,对轴承外圈的精超加工部分进行深入研究,细分为粗精超、精超两步,采用正交试验法来对每一步加工参数进行优化,将优化得出的结果和常规的一步精超试验结果作对比分析,试验结果表明:相较于常规的一步精超,采用分步精超能够将轴承超精加工精度提高10.42%,并且超精加工时间减少2s,说明分步精超的加工精度及加工效率均要高于常规的一步精超。

电磁调控轧辊的热力胀形行为及高效控制方法

为研究辊形电磁调控技术(roll profile electromagnetic control technology,RPECT)的热力胀形行为,采用有限元方法分析了不同电流密度及频率下综合辊凸度、热力贡献辊凸度以及力凸度占比等随接触区热量的变化规律,探究了接触区热量与热力胀形能力的映射关系及其成立条件.结果表明,在接触区热量的中低取值范围内,同一接触区热量所对应的热力调控能力不会受磁参数影响,故提出将接触区热量作为输入参数与调控能力之间桥梁的RPECT高效控制策略.该策略通过提升磁参数来快速达到接触区的目标温升效果,进而获取目标调控能力.以20μm的辊缝凸度需求为例,经原始与高效控制策略间的对比发现,新策略的调控时间可有效地缩短至原调控时间的19.57%.

一种电子组件检测接触装置设计与应用

电子组件作为某导引头产品的重要组成部分,由各电子部件及电子舱底座组成,可实现对探测器输出信号的处理,并形成进动部件的修正信号;与弹载计算机进行串口通信,完成弹载计算机的装订任务并实时输出目标的跟踪角速度、框架角、跟踪状态信息;控制解锁电路实现对部件的锁定和释放。装调过程中存在组装不便利、易误操作、质量一致性差等问题,分析了问题产生的原因,通过接线关系的梳理、电子组件检测接触装置结构件的设计、电气设计、实物组装、试验验证等过程,从根本上杜绝了该问题的发生,保证了装夹的可靠性,提高了装调效率。

月球车与月壤交互作用的离散元-多体动力学耦合建模

目前,对于散体颗粒物质与复杂机械系统的耦合作用研究,面临着跨尺度、计算规模庞大以及非光滑表面的接触检测困难等问题。为了探究月球车与月壤交互作用,首先对颗粒-多体耦合系统动力学建模与接触算法进行研究。分别用离散元方法(discrete element method, DEM)和多体动力学(multibody dynamics, MBD)笛卡尔方法建立了散体球形颗粒和含约束多体系统的动力学模型,并基于Hertz-Mindlin模型计算颗粒与刚体的接触力,在此基础上给出顺序耦合策略,建立了离散元和多体耦合的动力学模型。针对月球车齿状车轮的非光滑表面与颗粒之间接触检测规模庞大的问题,提出了非光滑形状物体的分区域局部检测方法,降低了局部检测的规模。通过对比圆柱体冲击颗粒的试验和仿真结果,验证了离散元-多体耦合模型的准确性。在耦合动力学建模和接触算法研究的基础上,对具有齿状车轮的月球车在月壤上行驶过程进行动力学仿真,研究不同驱动参数下的系统动力学特性以及不同轮胎形状对行驶运动的影响,研究结果表明,交错形轮齿的月球车相较直齿形轮齿前进距离多14%,前进效率较高,该研究对月球车的设计具有理论指导意义。

疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解方法研究进展

疏水缔合聚合物在提高采收率领域中展现出巨大应用潜力,但其疏水基团结构特征使溶解性成为关注焦点。综述了近年来疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解的研究进展,分析了面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。重点介绍了添加化学试剂屏蔽疏水基团的缔合作用,采用筛网切割和胶体研磨等方式增加水与聚合物颗粒的接触面积,以及通过改变聚合物自身溶解性、提高溶液质量浓度或温度、优化搅拌器类型及搅拌方式以增大体系熵变等方法加速疏水缔合聚合物的溶解。化学方法虽然能够快速溶解疏水缔合聚合物且不损害其性能,但其使用成本和环境影响仍需考量。而物理方法尽管经济有效,但可能导致溶液的机械降解和热降解,进而影响增黏性能和驱油效果,同时还需要解决机械设备的运输、能耗以及空间限制问题。因此,研发新型环保溶剂和优化工艺设备对于实现疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解具有重要意义。此外,综合考虑多种高效溶解方法的协同作用,依据实际应用情况进行调整,以期扩大疏水缔合聚合物的规模应用。

载有螺旋扰流装置的直触式换热器结构设计

本文探讨直触式技术在高温烟气-低温液体间换热的应用研究。所开发直触式换热器主要由立式布局的上、下锅体组成,采用喷淋为主要换热方式,重点针对气-液间直触换热过程设计螺旋扰流装置。主要结构特点:通过螺旋式扰流盘所形成的过流通道,优化烟气流动路径,增大烟气行程的同时也能起到导流换热作用;通过给水供给机构,利用产出蒸汽预热水管,提高烟气利用效率。通过理论计算完成直触式换热器结构关键尺寸和性能指标的设计,设计出载有螺旋扰流装置的换热器,此装置结构紧凑、换热效率更高、避免了雾化和液滴漂移等不足,且具有提前预热、增大烟气行程等优势,可以更好地适用于小型工业生产和满足居民日常生活所需。

全TOPCon电池正面多晶硅层硼掺杂工艺

为提升隧穿氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)电池光电转换效率,本文通过高温扩散在n型TOPCon电池正面制作p型隧穿氧化层钝化接触结构,提升发射极钝化性能,减少正面金属复合。本文研究了不同沉积时间、推进温度、推进时间等工艺参数对实验样品钝化性能及掺杂曲线的影响。实验结果表明,当沉积时间为1500 s,推进温度为920℃,推进时间为20 min时,掺硼多晶硅层可获得较优的钝化性能及掺杂浓度,其中样品多晶硅层硼掺杂浓度达到1.40×10^(20)cm^(-3),隐开路电压(iV_(oc))大于720.0 mV。依据该参数制备的TOPCon电池光电转换效率可达23.89%,对应的短路电流密度为39.36 mA/cm^(2),开路电压(V_(oc))达到726.4 mV,填充因子(FF)为83.54%。

高效捕收剂强化内蒙古低阶煤浮选的试验研究

为促进内蒙古地区低阶煤资源的高效利用,基于煤样的工业分析、元素分析、粒度及密度组成分析,采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱测试等对煤样的表面性质进行了表征,并采用浮选试验、接触角测试、吸附测试对比研究了高效捕收剂的浮选效果及作用机理。结果表明:煤样中矿物以高岭石为主,且煤样表面存在多种亲水性含氧官能团,如—OH,C=O,C—O等,同时煤粒表面还存在大量裂隙和孔隙,这些均导致了煤样的可浮性较差;使用高效浮选捕收剂BK610,当药剂用量为1 kg/t时,浮选精煤产率为65.35%、灰分为13.58%,相比使用常规捕收剂柴油(药剂用量为3 kg/t时,浮选精煤产率为60.82%、灰分为13.37%),不仅药剂用量大幅下降(约66%),而且浮选效果也有所提高;当BK610用量为1 kg/t、柴油用量为3 kg/t时,前者作用后煤样的接触角更大(较柴油提高约9°),且药剂吸附率更高(较柴油提高约4.75个百分点),因此高效捕收剂可更有效地提升煤样的浮选效果。研究结果可对低阶煤高效捕收剂的开发以及提高内蒙古地区低阶煤资源的利用效率起到一定的促进作用。

背接触电池的低温主栅工艺分析

阐述主栅材料、电极结构和烘干工艺方面对背接触电池的影响,通过优化相关参数实现背接触电池的高转换效率,从而获得成本较低、生产节奏较快、效率更优的主栅工艺,促进生产发展。

Air flow patterns and noise analysis inside high speed angular contact ball bearings

The vortex formed around the rolling ball and the high pressure region formed around the ball-raceway contact zone are the principle factors that barricades the lubricant entering the bearing cavity, and further causes improper lubrication. The investigation of the air phase flow inside the bearing cavity is essential for the optimization of the oil-air two-phase lubrication method. With the revolutionary reference frame describing the bearing motion, a highly precise air phase flow model inside the angular contact ball bearing cavity was build up. Comprehensive factors such as bearing revolution, ball rotation, and cage structure were considered to investigate the influences on the air phase flow and heat transfer efficiency. The aerodynamic noise was also analyzed. The result shows that the ball spinning leads to the pressure rise and uneven pressure distribution. The air phase velocity, pressure and cage heat transfer efficiency increase as the revolving speed increases. The operating noise is largely due to the impact of the high speed external flow on the bearing. When the center of the oil-air outlet fixes near the inner ring, the aerodynamic noise is reduced. The position near the inner ring on the bigger axial side is the ideal position to fix the lubricating device for the angular contact ball bearing.

Structure Optimization of a Horizontal Gas-Solid Rapid Separation Device

To meet the requirements for fast and efficient gas-solid separation at the outlet of a gas-solid concurrent downflow fluidized bed(downer),a new horizontal gas-solid rapid separator was designed based on the joint action of centrifugal and inertial forces.Under the same experimental conditions,a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)catalyst was used as the material(with a particle density of 1500 kg/m3 and a mean particle size of 45.8μm)to experimentally investigate the effects of the insertion length of gas outlet pipe,the bypass cylinder,the gas outlet direction,and the secondary separation structure on the separator performance.The results showed that with an inlet gas flow rate of 14.5 m/s and a gas phase solid content of 60―835 g/m3,the downer system achieved a gas-solid separation efficiency of above 99.5%,with the separator’s pressure drop within 1846 Pa(when the separator included a bypass cylinder and a secondary separation structure with a proper insertion length of gas outlet pipe).

Structural Optimization of a Novel Up-run Gas-solid Separator

A new gas-solid separator dedicated to heavy-oil fast pyrolysis process incorporating inertial and centrifugal separation was designed. Gas and typical fluid catalytic cracking （FCC） catalyst particles （with a density of 1500 kg/m3, and a mean diameter of 45.81 p.m） were used in the study. The inlet gas velocity was kept constant at 13.36 m/s, while the solid loading at the inlet ranged from 0 to 700 g/m3. When the exhaust pipe opening was provided with two narrow-width slots near the inlet without baffles, the solid collection efficiency increased with an increasing solid loading at the inlet and was close to 95% along with a decreasing pressure drop. After increasing the secondary separation structure, the separation efficiency greatly improved. By adjusting the diameter of the secondary exhaust pipe, the separation efficiency and pressure drop could be balanced. Under the experimental conditions, when the diameter of the second exhaust pipe was equal to d=100 mm, the pressure drop was lower than 1400 Pa while the separation efficiency could exceed 99.50%; and when the diameter was equal to d=120 mm, the pressure drop was less than 700 Pa, with the separation efficiency reaching over 99.00%.

Study of Back Contacts for CdTe Solar Cells

ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer is used as a complex back contact. The parameters of CdTe solar cells with and without the complex back contacts are compared. The effects of un-doped layer thickness, doped concentration and post-deposition annealing temperature of the complex layer on solar cells performance are investigated.The results show that ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu layer can improve back contacts and largely increase the conversion efficiency of CdTe solar cells. Un-doped layer and post-deposition annealing of high temperature can increase open voltage. Using the complex back contact, a small CdTe cell with fill factor of 73.14% and conversion efficiency of 12.93% is obtained.

Influence of Warm Oxide Layer on Wettability and Contact Angle for Heat Transport Devices

Recently, high heat density has become a problem in electronic devices. Therefore, high heat-transfer efficiency is required in copper heat exchangers. Improvement ofwettability is reported to improve the heat-transfer efficiency. In previous studies, copper oxide layer improves the wettability. In this study, we focus on a copper oxide layer produced under warm conditions （from 200 to 300 ℃）, which are suitable oxidation conditions for improving wettability. Experimental results showed that the surface of the specimens was covered by the oxidation layer and took on a black color. Furthermore, the wettability was improved by the warm copper oxide layer. While, the surface roughness was approximately constant to each warm oxidized specimen. Whereat, the warm oxide layer was observed by SEM （sanning electron microscope）. The results from SEM observations showed that the warm copper oxide layer consisted of stacks and combinations of nanoscopic warm oxidation particles. Thus, the warm oxidation layer has nanoscopic surface asperities. It is seemed that these nanoscopic asperities improved the wettability.