Preoperative prediction of malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors by computerized tomography-based radiomics

BACKGROUND The use of endoscopic surgery for treating gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)between 2 and 5 cm remains controversial considering the potential risk of metastasis and recurrence.Also,surgeons are facing great difficulties and challenges in assessing the malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric GISTs.AIM To develop and evaluate computerized tomography(CT)-based radiomics for predicting the malignant potential of primary 2-5 cm gastric GISTs.METHODS A total of 103 patients with pathologically confirmed gastric GISTs between 2 and 5 cm were enrolled.The malignant potential was categorized into low grade and high grade according to postoperative pathology results.Preoperative CT images were reviewed by two radiologists.A radiological model was constructed by CT findings and clinical characteristics using logistic regression.Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative contrast-enhanced CT images in the arterial phase.The XGboost method was used to construct a radiomics model for the prediction of malignant potential.Nomogram was established by combing the radiomics score with CT findings.All of the models were developed in a training group(n=69)and evaluated in a test group(n=34).RESULTS The area under the curve(AUC)value of the radiological,radiomics,and nomogram models was 0.753(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.597-0.909),0.919(95%CI:0.828-1.000),and 0.916(95%CI:0.801-1.000)in the training group vs 0.642(95%CI:0.379-0.870),0.881(95%CI:0.772-0.990),and 0.894(95%CI:0.773-1.000)in the test group,respectively.The AUC of the nomogram model was significantly larger than that of the radiological model in both the training group(Z=2.795,P=0.0052)and test group(Z=2.785,P=0.0054).The decision curve of analysis showed that the nomogram model produced increased benefit across the entire risk threshold range.CONCLUSION Radiomics may be an effective tool to predict the malignant potential of 2-5 cm gastric GISTs and assist preoperative clinical decision making.

Comparison of short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic vs open resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM To compare the short-and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic(LR) vs open resection(OR) for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors(g GISTs).METHODS In total, 301 consecutive patients undergoing LR or OR for pathologically confirmed g GISTs from 2005 to 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective study. After exclusion of 77 patients, 224 eligible patients were enrolled(122 undergoing LR and 102 undergoing OR). The demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival data of all patients were collected. The intraoperative, postoperative, and long-term oncologic outcomes were compared between the LR and OR groups following the propensity score matching to balance the measured covariates between the two groups.RESULTS After 1:1 propensity score matching for the set of covariates including age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology score, tumor location, tumor size, surgical procedures, mitotic count, and risk stratification, 80 patients in each group were included in the final analysis. The baseline parameters of the two groups were comparable after matching. TheLR group was significantly superior to the OR group with respect to the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative first flatus, time to oral intake, and postoperative hospital stay(P < 0.05). No differences in perioperative blood transfusion or the incidence of postoperative complications were observed between the two groups(P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in postoperative adjuvant therapy(P = 0.587). The mean follow-up time was 35.30 ± 26.02(range, 4-102) mo in the LR group and 40.99 ± 25.07(range, 4-122) mo in the OR group with no significant difference(P = 0.161). Survival analysis showed no significant difference in the disease-free survival time or overall survival time between the two groups(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic surgery for g GISTs is superior to open surgery with respect to intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes without compromising longterm oncological outcomes.

Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)is the most common etiology of gastroduodenal intussusception.Although gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST is mostly treated by surgical resection,the first case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST was treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)in Japan in 2017.CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old woman presented with symptoms of postprandial fullness with nausea and occasional vomiting for a month.Initially,she visited a local clinic for help,where abdominal sonography revealed a space-occupying lesion around the liver,so she was referred to our hospital for further confirmation.Abdominal sonography was repeated,which revealed a mass with an alternating concentric echogenic lesion.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)was performed under the initial impression of gastric cancer with central necrosis and showed a tortuous distortion of gastric folds down from the lesser curvature side to the duodenal bulb with stenosis of the gastric outlet.EGD was barely passed through to the 2nd portion of the duodenum and a friable ulcerated mass was found.Several differential diagnoses were suspected,including gastroduodenal intussusception,gastric cancer invasion to the duodenum,or pancreatic cancer with adherence to the gastric antrum and duodenum.Abdominal computed tomography for further evaluation was arranged and showed gastroduodenal intussusception with a long stalk polypoid mass 5.9 cm in the duodenal bulb.Under the impression of gastroduodenal intussusception,ESD was performed at the base of the gastroduodenal intussusception;unfortunately,a gastric perforation was found after complete resection was accomplished,so gastrorrhaphy was performed for the perforation and retrieval of the huge polypoid lesion.The gastric tumor was pathologically proved to be a GIST.After the operation,there was no digestive disturbance and the patient was discharged uneventfully on the 10th day following the operation.CONCLUSION We present the second case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by GIST treated by ESD.It is also the first case report of gastroduodenal intussusception by GIST in Taiwan,and endoscopic reduction or resection is an alternative treatment for elderly patients who are not candidates for surgery.