Helicobacter pylori and oral pathology:Relationship with the gastric infection

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)has been found in the oral cavity and stomach,and its infection is one of the most frequent worldwide.We reviewed the literature and conducted a Topic Highlight,which identified studies reporting an association between H.pylori-infection in the oral cavity and H.pylori-positive stomach bacterium.This work was designed to determine whether H.pylori is the etiologic agent in periodontal disease,recurrent aphthous stomatitis(RAS),squamous cell carcinoma,burning and halitosis.Record selection focused on the highest quality studies and meta-analyses.We selected 48 articles reporting on the association between saliva and plaque and H.pylori-infection.In order to assess periodontal disease data,we included 12 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis.We evaluated 13 published articles that addressed the potential association with RAS,and 6 with squamous cell carcinoma.Fourteen publications focused on our questions on burning and halitosis.There is a close relation between H.pylori infection in the oral cavity and the stomach.The mouth is the first extra-gastric reservoir.Regarding the role of H.pylori in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma,no evidence is still available.

Association between mucosal surface pattern under near focus technology and Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND Many studies evaluated magnification endoscopy(ME)to correlate changes on the gastric mucosal surface with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.However,few studies validated these concepts with high-definition endoscopy without ME.AIM To access the association between mucosal surface pattern under near focus technology and H.pylori infection status in a western population.METHODS Cross-sectional study including all patients referred to routine upper endoscopy.Endoscopic exams were performed using standard high definition(S-HD)followed by near focus(NF-HD)examination.Presence of erythema,erosion,atrophy,and nodularity were recorded during S-HD,and surface mucosal pattern was classified using NF-HD in the gastric body.Biopsies were taken for rapid urease test and histology.RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven patients were analyzed from August to November 2019.Of those,47(25.1%)were H.pylori+,and 42(22.5%)had a previous H.pylori treatment.In the examination with S-HD,erythema had the best sensitivity for H.pylori detection(80.9%).Exudate(99.3%),nodularity(97.1%),and atrophy(95.7%)demonstrated better specificity values,but with low sensitivity(6.4%-19.1%).On the other hand,the absence of erythema was strongly associated with H.pylori-(negative predictive value=92%).With NF-HD,56.2%of patients presented type 1 pattern(regular arrangement of collecting venules,RAC),and only 5.7%of RAC+patients were H.pylori+.The loss of RAC presented 87.2%sensitivity for H.pylori detection,70.7%specificity,50%positive predictive value,and 94.3%negative predictive value,indicating that loss of RAC was suboptimal to confirm H.pylori infection,but when RAC was seen,H.pylori infection was unlikely.CONCLUSION The presence of RAC at the NF-HD exam and the absence of erythema at S-HD were highly predictive of H.pylori negative status.On the other hand,the loss of RAC had a suboptimal correlation with the presence of H.pylori.

Association of NOD1 and NOD2 genes polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer in a Chinese population

AIM:To investigate the association between the tag single nucleotide polymorphisms(TagSNPs) of NOD1 and NOD2 and the risk of developing gastric cancer.METHODS:We conducted a hospital-based case-control study including 296 incident gastric cancer patients and 160 gastritis controls.Eight TagSNPs in the NOD1 and NOD2 genes were selected from the Hapmap database using the haploview software and genotyped by the Sequenom MassArray system.The serum levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to indicate H.pylori infection.The odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression,including sex and age as confounding factors.RESULTS:The NOD1 rs2907749 GG genotype showed a decreased risk for gastric cancer(OR 0.50,95% CI:0.26-0.95,P = 0.04) while the rs7789045 TT genotype showed an increased risk(OR 2.14,95% CI:1.20-3.82,P = 0.01).An elevated susceptibility to gastric cancer was observed in the subjects with H.pylori infection and the NaOD1 rs7789045 TT genotype(OR 2.05,95% CI:1.07-3.94,P = 0.03) or the NOD2 rs7205423 GC genotype(OR 2.52,95% CI:1.05-6.04,P = 0.04).Haplotype analysis suggested that the distribution of AGT(rs2907749,rs2075820 and rs7789045) in NOD1 between the cases and control groups was significantly different(P corrected:0.04),and the diplotype AGT/AGT was associated with an elevated gastric cancer risk(OR 1.98,95% CI:1.04-3.79,P = 0.04).The association of the NOD1 rs7789045 TT genotype and the diplotype AGT/AGT was significant with H.pylori-related diffuse-type gastric cancer(OR 3.00,95% CI:1.38-6.53,P = 0.01;OR 4.02,95% CI:1.61-10.05,P < 0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION:Genetic polymorphisms in NOD1 and NOD2 may interact with H.pylori infection and may play important roles in promoting the development of gastric cancer in the Chinese population.