Insecticidal Activity of Crude Extract of Saponins isolated from Sapindus miukurossi Gatren

[Objective] The study aimed to provide the theoretical basis for the development of Saponins isolated from Sapindus mukurossi in the application of pesticides and lay the foundation for the development and utilization of Sapindus species resources in Yunnan province. [ Method] Saponine from S. mukurossi was extracted by the methods of dipping, feed mixed with pesticide, unlimited feeding, and conducted indoor toxicity determination on Plutella xylostella （Linnaeus）, Sitophilus zeamais motschulsky and Drosophila. [ Result] Saponin had no poisoning activity on maize weevil, while it had certain biological activity on diamondback moth and fruit fly, but it had high activity on fruit fly, when the concentration was 50 mg/ml, mortality was 100% at 72 h, LCso was 4.06 mg/ml at 72 h, LTso was 30.19 h when the concentration was 25.000 mg/ml. [Conclusion] Saponins from S. mukurossi could be develooed and utilized as the material for botanical eesticide.

无患子皂苷粗提物杀虫活性研究

[目的]为无患子皂苷应用于杀虫剂的开发提供理论依据,为开发利用云南省无患子属植物资源提供基础。[方法]通过浸渍法、饲料混药法、无限量取食法提取无患子中的皂苷,再进行对小菜蛾、玉米象、果蝇的室内毒力测定。[结果]无患子粗提取物皂苷对玉米象没有活性,对小菜蛾和果蝇有毒杀活性,但对果蝇的毒力较高,浓度为50.000mg/ml时,72h果蝇的死亡率为100%,72h对果蝇的LC为4.06mg/ml,浓度为25.000mg/ml时对果蝇的LT为30.19h。[结论]无患子皂苷可以作为植物源农药的材料而开发利用。

无患子餐具洗涤剂的研制

制备了由表面活性剂和助剂组成的餐具洗涤剂,并通过试验法确定其最佳原料配比,对所配洗涤剂的去污能力进行了测定。结果表明,该产品制备简便、综合洗涤性能较好,具有较高的应用价值。

江西4个乡土种源无患子种子品质及苗期生长研究

为了解江西乡土无患子种源差异,筛选优质种源,对江西省南昌市、靖安县、泰和县、鹰潭市4个种源的种子品质及苗期生长量进行了测定,并对其综合性状进行评价。结果表明:4个种源中,鹰潭市种源种子品质最优;无患子场圃发芽率4个种源依次为:鹰潭>泰和>靖安>南昌;1年生苗木苗高和地径的年生长规律均呈S型生长曲线,且生长量最大的均是泰和县种源;总生物量最大的种源是鹰潭市,最小的为靖安县。根据相关性分析可知,无患子种子纵径、含水量和优良度分别与苗木冠幅呈显著正相关,且无患子苗木各生长性状,尤其苗高与各生物量间有着非常密切的关系。以良种选育为目的,以无患子的种子品质和1年生苗苗期生长性状为参评因素,对这4个乡土种源进行了综合评价,优良度依次为:鹰潭>泰和>南昌>靖安。