A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. Th...A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. The piece of amber containing leafhopper inclusion is broken, unveiling some of the morphological structures, and enabling their studies using scanning electron microscopy.展开更多
本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针...本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针与水平骨针和纵向骨针斜交呈45度角;骨针之间无叠接;海绵体无口须和根须。群体小卵海绵在外部形态和骨架类型上与其他的原始单轴针海绵存在明显差异,其半紧密型骨架处于无规则排列的鬃毛海绵骨架和规则排列的细丝海绵骨架之间。另外新材料显示在海底固着取食的生态环境中,新属种用高密度的个体分布来获得竞争优势。群体小卵海绵独特的过渡形态的骨架结构和高密度生态分布为研究古生代原始单轴针海绵的骨架演化与生态空间扩张之间的关系提供了线索,也为研究寒武纪早期海绵动物的起源和多样化提供新的化石材料。展开更多
An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered fromthe Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. Here, the specimen isdescribed and a cladistic analysis is perfo...An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered fromthe Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. Here, the specimen isdescribed and a cladistic analysis is performed in order to find its phylogenetic relationships. Theresult shows that this specimen represents a new genus of Psittacosauridae, Hongshanosaurus houi,gen. et sp. nov., and confirms the monophyletic status for Ceratopsia and Marginocephalia. However,Heterodontosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Marginocephalia, rather than a basalOrnithopoda.展开更多
Genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1 822 is one of the most diverse genera of the family Rhacophoridae, and its taxonomy of genus Rhacophorus faces major challenges because of rapidly described new species and co...Genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1 822 is one of the most diverse genera of the family Rhacophoridae, and its taxonomy of genus Rhacophorus faces major challenges because of rapidly described new species and complex interspecies relations. In this study, we investigate the generic taxonomy within the genus Rhacophorus based on 1 972 bp of mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA, tRNA-val and 16S rRNA), containing 102 sequences from 58 species. The results reveal three well-supported and highly diverged matrilines that correspond with morphological characteristics and geographic distribution. Accordingly, we consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Rhacophorus sensu stricto, resurrected genus Leptomantis Peters, 1867, and the genus Zhangixalus gen. nov.展开更多
A new genus of fossil Cycads, Yixianophyllum gen. nov., is reported here. The specimens were collected from the southern hill of Jinjiagou village, Toudaohezi Town, Yixian County, western Liaoning Province, China. The...A new genus of fossil Cycads, Yixianophyllum gen. nov., is reported here. The specimens were collected from the southern hill of Jinjiagou village, Toudaohezi Town, Yixian County, western Liaoning Province, China. The fossil plant-beating bed belongs to the lower part, the Zhuanchengzi bed, of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation （Yixianian）. The new genus in leaf shape, venation and epidermal structure shows a transitional form between Mesozoic Cycads （Ctenis, Nilssonia） and modem Cycads （Stangeria and Encephalartos）. Since the features of these specimens differ from any known genera of Cycads, a new generic name Yixianophyllum is proposed for these leaves. Typical species, Yixianophyllum jinjiagouense gen. et sp. nov. is described here. A supposed evolutionary tendency of Cycadean leaf-forms with Taeniopteris-type is discussed.展开更多
The complete mitochondrial cytb gene and the partial nuclear c-mos gene of Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan, 1983 were sequenced and used for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon amongst alethinophid...The complete mitochondrial cytb gene and the partial nuclear c-mos gene of Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan, 1983 were sequenced and used for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon amongst alethinophidian snakes. Its strong affinity to the New World subfamily Dipsadinae and the Old World species Thermophis baileyi was inferred. Hemipenial morphology found by authors conflicts with the original description and its similarity with those of the dipsadid snakes is in accordance with our molecular results. Feeding tests show that O. ningshaanensis is a malacophagous predator, which is another matchless character for this species. This behavior is described and compared with other known slug- and snail-feeding snakes. The discovery of the particular position of our subject indicates that erecting a new genus is necessary accommodate this unique species.展开更多
The campterophlebiid new genus and species Ctenogampsophlebia reni is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China.It shows close similarities with the Lower to Middle Jurassic genera Gampsophlebia,and P...The campterophlebiid new genus and species Ctenogampsophlebia reni is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China.It shows close similarities with the Lower to Middle Jurassic genera Gampsophlebia,and Petrophlebia,with closed and short subdiscoidal cells,confirming the attribution of these two other genera to the Campterophlebiidae.展开更多
We report on the discovery of a new genus of microhylid subfamily Asterophryinae from northern and eastern Indochina, containing three new species. Vietnamophryne （3en. nov. are secretive miniaturized frogs （SVL〈21...We report on the discovery of a new genus of microhylid subfamily Asterophryinae from northern and eastern Indochina, containing three new species. Vietnamophryne （3en. nov. are secretive miniaturized frogs （SVL〈21 mm） with a mostly semi-fossorial lifestyle. To assess phylogenetic relationships, we studied 12S rRNA - 16S rRNA mtDNA fragments with a final alignment of 2 591 bp for 53 microhylid species. Morphological and osteological characters were analyzed using micro-CT scanning and used to describe the new genus. Results of phylogenetic analyses assigned the new genus into the mainly Australasian subfamily Asterophryinae as a sister taxon to the genus Siamophryne from southern Indochina. The three specimens collected from Gia Lai Province in central Vietnam, Cao Bang Province in northern Vietnam, and Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand proved to be separate species, different both in morphology and genetics （genetic divergence 3.1%〈P〈5.1%）. Our work provides further evidence for the ＂out of Indo-Eurasia＂ scenario for Asterophryinae, indicating that the initial cladogenesis and differentiation of this group of frogs occurred in the Indochina Peninsula. To date, eachof the three new species of Vietnamophryne Gen. nov. is known only from a single specimen; thus, their distribution, life history, and conservation status require further study.展开更多
Planktonic ostracods are small crustaceans abundant in marine ecosystem worldwide as appreciable part of marine zooplankton. Family Halocyprididae is a large group of halocyprid ostracods, and the tribe Conchoeciini h...Planktonic ostracods are small crustaceans abundant in marine ecosystem worldwide as appreciable part of marine zooplankton. Family Halocyprididae is a large group of halocyprid ostracods, and the tribe Conchoeciini has contained 21 genera previously. We described a further genus with a species Polyconchoecia commixtus gen. et sp. nov. from the middle of South China Sea in this study. The new species can be distinguished from related genera and species in having a unique combination of these characteristics： a lateral gland placed over right asymmetric gland and open near posterior margin; dense edge glands placed along ventral margin of carapace in line; shape of frontal organ; e-seta of first antenna is bare; endopod of second antenna has one small oval hump with central concave on mid-ventral margin, instead of processus mamillaris, exopod 1 has a small disto-dorsal spine, exopod 1 and 2 are fused, exopod 3 and 4 are bare; endopod 1 of mandible has one long ventral seta, endopod 2 has one ventral seta; maxillary endopod 1 has two basal setae; endopod 1 of fifth limb has only one ventral seta; endopod 1 of sixth limb and endopod 2 have no ventral seta. The definite distinctions in locations of major glands are the key characteristics of the new genus.展开更多
A new genus and species of axiid shrimp,Carolinaxius kexuae gen.et sp.nov.is described and illustrated based on a single specimen collected from an unnamed seamount in the Caroline Ridge,Northwest Pacific.Although bot...A new genus and species of axiid shrimp,Carolinaxius kexuae gen.et sp.nov.is described and illustrated based on a single specimen collected from an unnamed seamount in the Caroline Ridge,Northwest Pacific.Although both chelipeds are mis sing,the specimen can be distinguished from other axiid genera by a combination of characteristics:narrowly triangular ro strum;median carina and lateral gastric carina each with one prominent tooth;submedian gastric carinae converging po steriorly,with teeth;cornea weakly pigmented,eyestalk with acute distome sial tooth on dorsal surface;male pleopod 1 two-articled;pleopod 2 with appendix interna and appendix masculina;pleopods 3-5 with appendix interna.The molecular phylogeny suggests the new genus is most closely related to another recently described genus living inside hexactinellid sponges on seamounts in the Indian Ocean,Montanaxius Dworschak,2016.However,it differs from Montanaxius in the shape of the rostrum,the arrangement of teeth on the carapace,and the shape of the eyestalk.Besides,the significant molecular differences support the two belonging to different genera.展开更多
Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangro...Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangroves in Fujian Province,China*The online version of the original articles can be found at:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0.展开更多
基金supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland(no.NN 303 2979 37) awarded to JS
文摘A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. The piece of amber containing leafhopper inclusion is broken, unveiling some of the morphological structures, and enabling their studies using scanning electron microscopy.
文摘本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针与水平骨针和纵向骨针斜交呈45度角;骨针之间无叠接;海绵体无口须和根须。群体小卵海绵在外部形态和骨架类型上与其他的原始单轴针海绵存在明显差异,其半紧密型骨架处于无规则排列的鬃毛海绵骨架和规则排列的细丝海绵骨架之间。另外新材料显示在海底固着取食的生态环境中,新属种用高密度的个体分布来获得竞争优势。群体小卵海绵独特的过渡形态的骨架结构和高密度生态分布为研究古生代原始单轴针海绵的骨架演化与生态空间扩张之间的关系提供了线索,也为研究寒武纪早期海绵动物的起源和多样化提供新的化石材料。
文摘An almost complete juvenile dinosaur skull with lower jaw was discovered fromthe Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China. Here, the specimen isdescribed and a cladistic analysis is performed in order to find its phylogenetic relationships. Theresult shows that this specimen represents a new genus of Psittacosauridae, Hongshanosaurus houi,gen. et sp. nov., and confirms the monophyletic status for Ceratopsia and Marginocephalia. However,Heterodontosaurus is found to be the sister taxon to Marginocephalia, rather than a basalOrnithopoda.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1200705)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB31000000)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31722049, 31772434)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (QYZDBSSW-SMC058)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CASSoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute (Y4ZK111B01)the CAS "Light of West China" Program (2018XBZG_JCTD_001)
文摘Genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1 822 is one of the most diverse genera of the family Rhacophoridae, and its taxonomy of genus Rhacophorus faces major challenges because of rapidly described new species and complex interspecies relations. In this study, we investigate the generic taxonomy within the genus Rhacophorus based on 1 972 bp of mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA, tRNA-val and 16S rRNA), containing 102 sequences from 58 species. The results reveal three well-supported and highly diverged matrilines that correspond with morphological characteristics and geographic distribution. Accordingly, we consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Rhacophorus sensu stricto, resurrected genus Leptomantis Peters, 1867, and the genus Zhangixalus gen. nov.
文摘A new genus of fossil Cycads, Yixianophyllum gen. nov., is reported here. The specimens were collected from the southern hill of Jinjiagou village, Toudaohezi Town, Yixian County, western Liaoning Province, China. The fossil plant-beating bed belongs to the lower part, the Zhuanchengzi bed, of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation （Yixianian）. The new genus in leaf shape, venation and epidermal structure shows a transitional form between Mesozoic Cycads （Ctenis, Nilssonia） and modem Cycads （Stangeria and Encephalartos）. Since the features of these specimens differ from any known genera of Cycads, a new generic name Yixianophyllum is proposed for these leaves. Typical species, Yixianophyllum jinjiagouense gen. et sp. nov. is described here. A supposed evolutionary tendency of Cycadean leaf-forms with Taeniopteris-type is discussed.
文摘The complete mitochondrial cytb gene and the partial nuclear c-mos gene of Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan, 1983 were sequenced and used for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon amongst alethinophidian snakes. Its strong affinity to the New World subfamily Dipsadinae and the Old World species Thermophis baileyi was inferred. Hemipenial morphology found by authors conflicts with the original description and its similarity with those of the dipsadid snakes is in accordance with our molecular results. Feeding tests show that O. ningshaanensis is a malacophagous predator, which is another matchless character for this species. This behavior is described and compared with other known slug- and snail-feeding snakes. The discovery of the particular position of our subject indicates that erecting a new genus is necessary accommodate this unique species.
基金financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.KZCX2-YW-QN104)the National Museum of Natural History of Paris(MNHN)+1 种基金the funds provided for this research:grants PIP 6393,PIP 11420090100377BEJI from the National Research Council of Argentina(CONICET)
文摘The campterophlebiid new genus and species Ctenogampsophlebia reni is described from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China.It shows close similarities with the Lower to Middle Jurassic genera Gampsophlebia,and Petrophlebia,with closed and short subdiscoidal cells,confirming the attribution of these two other genera to the Campterophlebiidae.
基金supported by the programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501843,31622052)Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Y4ZK111B01:2017CASSEABRIQG002)+2 种基金Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,CAS(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)(DBG6180001)Molecular experiments,phylogenetic analyses,specimen storage,examination and micro CT-analysis were carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation(RSF14-50-00029)
文摘We report on the discovery of a new genus of microhylid subfamily Asterophryinae from northern and eastern Indochina, containing three new species. Vietnamophryne （3en. nov. are secretive miniaturized frogs （SVL〈21 mm） with a mostly semi-fossorial lifestyle. To assess phylogenetic relationships, we studied 12S rRNA - 16S rRNA mtDNA fragments with a final alignment of 2 591 bp for 53 microhylid species. Morphological and osteological characters were analyzed using micro-CT scanning and used to describe the new genus. Results of phylogenetic analyses assigned the new genus into the mainly Australasian subfamily Asterophryinae as a sister taxon to the genus Siamophryne from southern Indochina. The three specimens collected from Gia Lai Province in central Vietnam, Cao Bang Province in northern Vietnam, and Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand proved to be separate species, different both in morphology and genetics （genetic divergence 3.1%〈P〈5.1%）. Our work provides further evidence for the ＂out of Indo-Eurasia＂ scenario for Asterophryinae, indicating that the initial cladogenesis and differentiation of this group of frogs occurred in the Indochina Peninsula. To date, eachof the three new species of Vietnamophryne Gen. nov. is known only from a single specimen; thus, their distribution, life history, and conservation status require further study.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41406188,41406216 and 41506217the Grant of China Ministry of Science and Technology under contract No.2013BAD13B06+3 种基金the Grant of Guangdong Province Ministry of Science and Technology under contract No.2014A020217011the Ministry of Agriculture Major Funding Projects under contract No.NFZX2013the Global Climate Change and Ocean Atmosphere Interaction Research under contract No.GASI-01-02-04the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,SOA under contract No.2017009
文摘Planktonic ostracods are small crustaceans abundant in marine ecosystem worldwide as appreciable part of marine zooplankton. Family Halocyprididae is a large group of halocyprid ostracods, and the tribe Conchoeciini has contained 21 genera previously. We described a further genus with a species Polyconchoecia commixtus gen. et sp. nov. from the middle of South China Sea in this study. The new species can be distinguished from related genera and species in having a unique combination of these characteristics： a lateral gland placed over right asymmetric gland and open near posterior margin; dense edge glands placed along ventral margin of carapace in line; shape of frontal organ; e-seta of first antenna is bare; endopod of second antenna has one small oval hump with central concave on mid-ventral margin, instead of processus mamillaris, exopod 1 has a small disto-dorsal spine, exopod 1 and 2 are fused, exopod 3 and 4 are bare; endopod 1 of mandible has one long ventral seta, endopod 2 has one ventral seta; maxillary endopod 1 has two basal setae; endopod 1 of fifth limb has only one ventral seta; endopod 1 of sixth limb and endopod 2 have no ventral seta. The definite distinctions in locations of major glands are the key characteristics of the new genus.
基金the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2017FY100804)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930533,41876178)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC0309804)the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Program(Nos.DY135-E2-1-02,DY135-E2-3-04)。
文摘A new genus and species of axiid shrimp,Carolinaxius kexuae gen.et sp.nov.is described and illustrated based on a single specimen collected from an unnamed seamount in the Caroline Ridge,Northwest Pacific.Although both chelipeds are mis sing,the specimen can be distinguished from other axiid genera by a combination of characteristics:narrowly triangular ro strum;median carina and lateral gastric carina each with one prominent tooth;submedian gastric carinae converging po steriorly,with teeth;cornea weakly pigmented,eyestalk with acute distome sial tooth on dorsal surface;male pleopod 1 two-articled;pleopod 2 with appendix interna and appendix masculina;pleopods 3-5 with appendix interna.The molecular phylogeny suggests the new genus is most closely related to another recently described genus living inside hexactinellid sponges on seamounts in the Indian Ocean,Montanaxius Dworschak,2016.However,it differs from Montanaxius in the shape of the rostrum,the arrangement of teeth on the carapace,and the shape of the eyestalk.Besides,the significant molecular differences support the two belonging to different genera.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0601302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076114,41876146,41776124)。
文摘Erratum to:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0 The title of this article contains a few mistakes.The correct one is given below:Chinia gen.nov.—a second diatom genus with the simonsenioid raphe type from mangroves in Fujian Province,China*The online version of the original articles can be found at:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-021-1067-0.
