Rural labor migration and farmers’arrangements of rice production systems in Central China:Insight from the intergenerational division of labor

Rice production is crucial for food security in China,and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively.Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years.There has been a discernible trend wherein adult children have started migrating to cities while their elderly parents return to villages to re-engage in on-farm work.The phenomenon has notably shaped the intergenerational division of labor(IDL)within households.However,it remains to be seen how farmers adjust their rice production systems in response to the IDL.The age of 60 years for employment injury insurance is the eligibility threshold for off-farm employment and is used to obtain a source of exogenous variation in the IDL.Based on a representative household survey of 1,752 rice farmers in the Hubei Province of Central China,our fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis reveals that farmers in IDL households are more likely to adopt ratoon rice(RR)than single cropping rice(SR)or double cropping rice(DR).The effect of the IDL varies under different levels of operational scales and specialized agricultural service availability.Further analysis suggests that farmers’arrangements are associated with two potential mechanisms of downward intergenerational transfer.Monetary transfer for urban housing purchases increases RR in IDL households,and time transfer for intergenerational childcare significantly promotes SR in IDL households.This study enhances the understanding of the relationship between rural labor migration and rice production in China,providing a reference for adjusting rice production systems to ensure food security.

A blockchain bee colony double inhibition labor division algorithm for spatio-temporal coupling task with application to UAV swarm task allocation

It is difficult for the double suppression division algorithm of bee colony to solve the spatio-temporal coupling or have higher dimensional attributes and undertake sudden tasks.Using the idea of clustering,after clustering tasks according to spatio-temporal attributes,the clustered groups are linked into task sub-chains according to similarity.Then,based on the correlation between clusters,the child chains are connected to form a task chain.Therefore,the limitation is solved that the task chain in the bee colony algorithm can only be connected according to one dimension.When a sudden task occurs,a method of inserting a small number of tasks into the original task chain and a task chain reconstruction method are designed according to the relative relationship between the number of sudden tasks and the number of remaining tasks.Through the above improvements,the algorithm can be used to process tasks with spatio-temporal coupling and burst tasks.In order to reflect the efficiency and applicability of the algorithm,a task allocation model for the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)group is constructed,and a one-to-one correspondence between the improved bee colony double suppression division algorithm and each attribute in the UAV group is proposed.Task assignment has been constructed.The study uses the self-adjusting characteristics of the bee colony to achieve task allocation.Simulation verification and algorithm comparison show that the algorithm has stronger planning advantages and algorithm performance.

Re-measuring Status of China＇s High-Tech Industries in International Division of Labor： Applying a Non-Competitive Input-Output Model

Based on a refined ＂non-competitive input-output model,＂ this paper proposes a new framework for analyzing the status of a country＇s high-tech industries in the international division of labor, i.e. calculates the index of＂ weighted value-added productivity ＂ by compiling non-competitive input-output tables which distinguish high-tech industries from traditional industries. The new method effectively avoids ＂statistical illusion＂ which stems from a biased focus on gross exports under intra-product specialization. The empirical study shows that since 1995, the status of China＇s high-tech industries has grown quickly as a result of enhanced labor productivity, but still lags behind those of major developed countries. In addition, the study also suggests that the status of China＇s high-tech industries has been over-estimated using the traditional gross export statistical method.

Differing Effects of Intra-Product International Division of Labor on Technological Progress:Comparing Proactive Participation with Passive Inclusion

This paper has identified two models of intra-product international division of labor:the model of passive inclusion and the model of proactive participation.Their difference is essentially whether participation in international division of labor is dominated by multinational firms or by local firms.At the level of representative sectors,some characteristic variables of participation in international division of labor demonstrate significant industry differences.Models of division of labor affect technology progress.According to the empirical analysis result at the micro-level of four sectors,no matter for export or the contribution of learning by doing to corporate technology progress,the model of proactive participation is superior to the model of passive inclusion;under the model of passive inclusion,the technology spillover effect of import is smaller than "learning by doing " effect;under the model of proactive participation,technology spillover effect is over two times the "learning by doing" effect.

Division of labor, perceived labor-related stress and well-being among European couples

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze how involvement in paid and unpaid work and perceived labor-related stress are related to the well-being of married or cohabiting men and women in Europe. Methods: Data from the European Social Survey round two has been used. The sample consists of 5800 women and 6952 men, aged between 18-65 years. Exposure variables were divided into labor involvement, time spent on paid and unpaid work, and labor-related stress. Multiple logistic regressions with 95 % confidence interval were used. Results: Women spent more hours on housework than men did, but fewer hours on paid work. Women tended to perceive higher degrees of housework-related stress than men did. Furthermore, women who experienced houseworkrelated stress tended to have higher odds of reporting a low level of perceived well-being than men, while men had higher odds of reporting a low level of perceived well-being when they experienced work/family conflicts. Conclusion: For both men and women, the perceptions of labor involvement are of more importance for the well-being than the actual time spent on paid and unpaid work. This implies that, when studying the relationship between labor involvement and well-being, perceived stress should be considered.

农业分工参与对农户生计韧性的影响——基于辽宁省调研数据

基于生计韧性理论,利用辽宁省1082份农户调研数据,采用熵值法与普通最小二乘法(OLS)模型探究农业分工参与对生计韧性的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:农业分工参与显著影响农户生计韧性,并从横向和纵向两个维度分别展现出“拉动性”与“削弱性”特征。具体来看,农业横向分工参与显著提升农户生计韧性,农业纵向分工参与对农户造成不稳定影响,显著降低韧性水平;户主年龄对生计韧性具有显著抑制作用;参保情况、组织治理等生产经营特征对生计韧性具有显著正向作用。在经过内生性和稳健性检验后,研究结论依然成立。异质性检验发现,兼业化程度显著弱化农业分工参与产生的作用力,农户的生计稳定性随着收入渠道的增多而得到加强,不易因参与农业分工而受到影响。据此,建议优化土地流转市场,规范农业生产性服务主体经营活动,增强兼业农户内生发展动力,有效提升农户整体生计韧性。

人造子宫技术合理性及其悖谬的社会考量

人造子宫技术作为现阶段人类医学领域的重大进步和发现,为解决人类生育问题提供了新的选择。人造子宫技术虽在降低母婴死亡率、推动女性解放、稳定人口数量、重塑社会性别分工等方面有其存在的合理性,但也引发了诸如女性自我角色的冲突、人造子宫与自然孕育的对立、婚姻关系的失衡等新的社会伦理问题。加强对人造子宫技术的伦理规范,必须坚持以人为本,尊重女性的生育选择,明晰人造子宫技术的研究和应用边界,促进人造子宫技术与社会和谐发展相统一,充分发挥人造子宫技术对人类社会的推动作用,从而增进人类福祉。

供应链金融对企业运营绩效的影响研究:机理与实证

本文从企业专业化分工和全要素生产率两个视角,通过选取2014~2022中国资金密集型行业上市企业的样本数据,对供应链金融能否以及如何影响企业的运营绩效进行了机理分析与实证检验。结果表明:开展供应链金融业务能够显著提升企业自身的运营绩效,并且,促进企业的专业化分工和提升全要素生产率是供应链金融助力企业运营绩效提升的两个重要途径。本文不仅从供应链金融的视角为企业运营绩效的影响因素提供了新的解释,也揭示了供应链金融助力企业运营绩效提升的机制与途径。

连片种植对农户撂荒行为的影响——基于“连片种植-纵向分工-农地撂荒”的分析线索

农地撂荒及其治理是备受关注的重要议题。通过构建“连片种植-纵向分工-农地撂荒”的分析框架,重点考察连片种植对农户撂荒行为的影响及其作用机理。分析结果表明:参与连片种植对农户耕地撂荒行为具有显著的抑制效果,连片程度每提升1个单位,撂荒可能性将减少4.1%~4.6%。机理检验表明,连片种植所形成的服务规模化供给,能够将农户卷入生产环节的分工外包,从而减少农地撂荒。情景分析表明,在地块耕作坡度较大或者交通可达性较差的情境下,连片种植对农地撂荒的抑制效果较为有限。但如果政府实施了基本农田整治,无论是工程性建设还是权属性调整,都将显著增强连片种植对农地撂荒的抑制作用。此外,与纯务农家庭相比,连片种植对务工家庭的撂荒抑制效果更加明显。进一步的证据表明,连片种植的有效实施在很大程度上依赖于村庄的组织化程度。村庄的组织化程度越高,连片种植的实施效果越好。据此认为,“以连片种植推动区域作物布局专业化”是实现以服务规模经营治理农地撂荒的重要途径。

高技术产品出口、数字贸易壁垒与“双环流”价值链分工地位

随着《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)的全面生效,中国将同时置身于全球价值链大环流和RCEP价值链小环流贸易网络中。在理论分析的基础上,采用社会网络分析与跨国面板数据模型相结合的方法,基于2007—2023年全球52个国家的高技术产品出口数据测算了全球高技术产品贸易网络和RCEP高技术产品贸易网络的结构指标,并考察其对“双环流”价值链分工地位的影响及作用机制。结果显示:(1)在高技术产品贸易网络中,中国已成为链接全球大环流与RCEP小环流的枢纽国家;(2)相对于全球大环流,RCEP小环流的高技术产品贸易网络更有利于中国摆脱“被俘获”式发展和国际分工地位的跃升;(3)一国在高技术产品贸易网络中的广度和深度对其在全球大环流和RCEP小环流价值链中分工地位的提升具有显著促进作用;(4)相对于全球大环流,RCEP小环流高技术产品贸易网络对价值链分工地位的促进作用受到数字贸易壁垒的负面影响更显著。基于上述结论,从中国如何充分利用RCEP的全面生效和新的“双环流”带来的机遇与挑战,以及促进高技术产业发展和提升价值链分工地位等方面给出了对策建议。

全国统一大市场发展水平、空间差异及障碍因素

文章基于全国统一大市场的内涵构建其发展水平评价指标体系,对2008—2022年全国统一大市场中30个省份的发展水平及分维度水平进行测算,并借助Dagum基尼系数分解法及障碍度模型探究其空间差异及障碍因素。研究表明:(1)全国统一大市场发展水平偏低但呈稳步增长趋势。分维度来看,市场发展质量水平最高,市场一体化水平增速最快;分区域来看,全国统一大市场发展水平呈现东部地区>中部地区>东北地区>西部地区的阶梯状空间分布格局。(2)全国统一大市场发展水平的空间差异明显且主要来源于区域间差异,东部地区的内部差异最大,东部-西部的区域间差异最大。(3)要素市场发展质量、市场联系、基础设施环境和商品市场发展质量是当前全国统一大市场发展水平提升的障碍因素。

数智化子公司分工、本地聚集与上市公司绩效提升

企业数智化转型是企业数字化改造后又一发展方向。通过对数智化进行概括定义,利用数智化行业二位代码精准识别数智化公司,创新性地提出以企业是否设立数智化子公司为企业数智化转型的新判断标准,并据此统计数智化子公司占母公司所有子公司比例。利用CNRDS数据库中2000—2021年长三角区域上市公司数据进行实证分析。研究发现,数智化子公司分工程度越高的上市公司,其绩效提升越多,而在研究调节效应时发现,企业周围分布过于密集的数智化子公司会削弱此正向影响,若公司处于成长期则会放大该促进作用。在异质性分析上,主效应对于设立在二线城市的企业、自身为非数智化的企业以及民营企业更为显著。通过研究对推动我国公司从数字化向数智化的转变,促进产业向更高质量发展能提供若干参考建议。

战略性新兴产业集聚与全球价值链分工

以2013—2022年为考察区间,选取我国30个省级面板数据探讨战略性新兴产业集聚对全球价值链分工的影响效应与作用机制。研究发现,战略性新兴产业集聚可有效赋能全球价值链分工。异质性分析表明,战略性新兴产业集聚对全球价值链分工的驱动效应呈现“高市场化水平地区大于低市场化水平地区”的差异格局。机制分析表明,加快培育新质生产力是战略性新兴产业集聚显著促进全球价值链分工的重要路径。

全球价值链数字化对中国制造业企业国际分工地位的影响

数字技术发展使全球价值链分工体系向数字化重构并深刻影响中国制造业高质量发展。本文基于K-T数理模型分析开放经济条件下数字中间品投入、出口国内增加值与国际分工地位的相互关系,构建全球价值链数字化与企业国际分工地位的理论分析机制。研究发现:全球价值链数字化通过全要素生产率、贸易成本、产品质量和创新能力这4个渠道提升中国制造业企业国际分工地位;全球价值链数字化对资本密集型企业、一般贸易企业及非国有企业的国际分工地位提升效应较强;全球价值链数字化对知识产权保护较好且研发投入较多地区的企业国际分工地位提升效应较显著。因此,建议从加大国内数字技术研发力度、采用差异化战略引导及加强数字技术知识产权保护等方面激发企业参与全球价值链数字化分工活力,提升企业国际竞争力,促进中国制造业高质量发展。

数据要素市场化对中国企业全球价值链分工的影响

选取中国工业企业数据和海关贸易数据,实证考察数据要素市场化对企业全球价值链分工的影响以及作用机制。研究结果显示,数据要素市场化可显著促进企业深度参与全球价值链分工;机制检验结果表明,产业结构升级效应和技术创新效应是数据要素市场化驱动企业深度参与全球价值链分工的重要渠道;异质性检验表明,数据要素市场化对非东部地区企业全球价值链分工的促进作用更明显。有鉴于此,应持续深化数据要素市场化改革、加快建设现代产业体系、大力发展数智经济核心产业、实施差异化发展战略,以期提高企业嵌入全球价值链分工体系的附加价值。

数字经济与全国统一大市场建设:基于城市层面的研究

双循环发展格局下,全国统一大市场建设有助于促进新质生产力形成及经济高质量转型发展。而数字经济的蓬勃发展为全国统一大市场建设提供了新路径。本文使用2005—2021年中国城市层面数据测算了全国统一大市场指数,实证检验了数字经济如何助推全国统一大市场建设。结果表明,数字经济通过提高流通效率、深化专业化分工以及强化城市网络效应助推全国统一大市场形成;同时“宽带中国”战略实施促进了统一大市场整合;数字经济的市场整合效应在不同地理区位、经济发展水平、城市规模、数字化水平以及市场一体化程度的城市间存在显著差异;进一步分析发现,数字经济对全国统一大市场形成存在长期效应和边际效应递增趋势以及空间溢出效应。

数字技术与内需主导型全球价值链分工:理论逻辑与经验证据

数字技术正在加速重塑全球价值链(GVC),以此为契机推动GVC分工向内需主导型转变,是畅通双循环、促进经济行稳致远的重要保障。本文通过辨析增加值来源识别数字技术渗透水平,研究了数字技术对内需主导型GVC分工的影响。研究发现:第一,数字技术可有效深化内需主导型GVC分工,其作用机制在于激发国内需求、强化核心环节优势与降低贸易成本。第二,相对而言,数字技术对内需主导型GVC分工的深化作用在国际分工参与水平高的行业、技术密集型行业、资本密集型行业以及发达国家和地区中更大。第三,与外需主导型GVC分工相比,数字技术对内需主导型GVC分工的深化作用更大。以上结论对中国凭借数字技术优化国际分工模式、加快构建双循环新发展格局有重要启示。

马克思的历史观与哲学变革

历史观是马克思最具原创性贡献的领域之一,唯物史观就是马克思的哲学或马克思主义哲学。唯物史观诞生以前,一切哲学在历史观上都受困于“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”。而“观念的神话”与“遮蔽”,源自人类实践的具体历史形式--分工,特别是物质生产与精神生产的分工以及职业精神生产者的出现和扩大。唯物史观的创立,终结了观念决定历史的神话、超历史的历史哲学的神话、历史宿命论的神话,开辟了一种崭新的哲学图景。坚持和发展唯物史观,应摈弃从观念到观念、从文献到文献、从概念到概念的研究范式,从实践的不同历史形态的变化入手,展开活的历史研究。

宗族文化对农村女性非农就业的影响

基于中国家庭追踪调查数据,从微观层面研究宗族文化对农村女性非农就业的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,宗族文化强度越大和宗族多样性越高都显著不利于农村女性参与非农就业。异质性分析结果表明,宗族文化对未婚女性非农就业无显著影响,对已婚女性非农就业存在显著负向影响,对生育阶段女性的影响显著强于非生育阶段女性。此外,宗族文化的影响存在地区差异,南方地区的宗族文化显著降低农村女性的非农就业概率,而北方地区的宗族文化无显著影响。在作用机制方面,证明了宗族文化通过影响生育行为、教育投资以及家庭分工进而制约农村女性参与非农就业。还进一步探究了宗族文化是否影响农村女性非农就业地点。结果显示,宗族文化虽然不利于农村女性非农就业,但对于已实现非农就业的女性而言,宗族文化有利于其跨县就业和跨省就业。促进农村女性非农就业是一个长期的、循序渐进的过程,需要在文化方面进行积极引导,不断完善农村社会保障体系,充分发挥非正式制度的积极作用。

非编码RNA调控真社会性昆虫品级分化和个体分工的研究进展

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