Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked?The case of Bangladesh

Gender inclusiveness is important in the rural transformation process of Bangladesh as rural women play key roles in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.Gender inclusiveness also leads to gender equity.We empirically evaluate relationships between rural transformation and gender inclusiveness in Bangladesh.We consider three rural transformation indicators:high-value commodities’share in agricultural output values,non-farm employment’s share in rural labor employment,and non-agricultural GDP’s share in total GDP.Indicators capturing gender inclusiveness include the per capita rural income of males and females,ratio of investments into gender programs,female access to education,access to healthcare,employment participation,land ownership,and asset ownership.We test the effect of the difference in per capita rural income of males and females and the ratio of their incomes and check for the robustness of the gender variables across different model specifications.Analyzing 128 district-level observations from 32 districts of Bangladesh across four time periods(2000,2005,2010 and 2016),we use both ordinary least squares and fixed effects panel regression models.We find that female land and asset ownership and access to education and healthcare are robust determinants of various stages of rural transformation.Thus,our results suggest that improving women’s ownership of land and assets and investing in women’s education and healthcare will likely contribute to a more inclusive rural transformation.

Interaction between adolescent sleep rhythms and gender in an obese population

BACKGROUND The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing,which seriously affects their mental health,and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.AIM To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.METHODS Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.From April to June 2022,this study selected 14201 students from 13 middle schools in a certain district of Tianjin as the research subject using the convenient cluster sampling method.Among these students,13374 accepted and completed the survey,with an effective rate of 94.2%.The demographic data and basic information of adolescents,such as height and weight,were collected through a general situation questionnaire.The sleep rhythm of adolescents was evaluated using the reduced version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 13374 participants(6629 females,accounting for 49.56%;the average age is 15.21±1.433 years)were analyzed.Among them,the survey showed that 2942 adolescent were obesity,accounting for 22%and 2104 adolescent were overweight,accounting for 15.7%.Among them,1692 male adolescents are obese,with an obesity rate of 25.1%,higher than 18.9%of female adolescents.There is a statistically significant difference between the three groups(χ2=231.522,P<0.000).The obesity group has the smallest age(14.94±1.442 years),and there is a statistical difference in age among the three groups(F=69.996,P<0.000).Obesity rates are higher among individuals who are not-only-child,have residential experience within six months,have family economic poverty,and have evening-type sleep(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis shows a correlation between sleep rhythm and adolescent obesity.Evening-type sleep rhythm can increase the risk of obesity in male adolescents[1.250(1.067-1.468)],but the effect on female obesity is not remarkable.Further logistic regression analysis in the overall population demonstrates that the interaction between evening-type sleep rhythm and the male gender poses a risk of adolescent obesity[1.122(1.043-1.208)].CONCLUSION Among adolescents,the incidence of obesity in males is higher than in females.Evening-type sleep rhythm plays an important role in male obesity but has no significant effect on female obesity.Progressive analysis suggests an interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity,and the combination of evening-type sleep and the male gender promotes the development of adolescent obesity.In formulating precautions against adolescent obesity,obesity in male adolescents with evening-type sleep should be a critical concern.

Survey and clinical considerations of gender identity in lower primary school children

BACKGROUND Gender consciousness directly affects the development of gender identity,which is a continuous and lifelong process.Meanwhile,hospitalization is a part of many children's lives and has an impact on their gender development.AIM To investigate the current situation of gender identity in lower primary school children by conducting a survey of 202 hospitalized children in the lower grades and to provide a theoretical basis and foundation for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of children based on the results.This study aims to inspire clinical medical staff to scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children and pay attention to gender protection during the medical treatment process and to help children shape a unified and clear gender identity,which will enable them to better integrate into society and promote their personality development.METHODS The gender consciousness scale for elementary and middle school students was RESULTS Gender identity was already present in lower primary school children.The children's gender roles and gender equality consciousness were strong,exceeding the critical value,but their gender characteristics,gender identity,and gender ideal consciousness were weak.Children aged 6 had the weakest gender identity,and girls had significantly stronger gender identity than boys.CONCLUSION Gender identity is already present in lower primary school children,providing a basis and inspiration for the cultivation of gender identity and medical treatment of lower primary school children.Clinical medical staff should be aware of and understand these results and should scientifically and reasonably arrange hospital wards for lower primary school children.

Sex and racial disparities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related cardiovascular events: National inpatient sample analysis (2019)

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk irrespective of other risk factors.However,large-scale cardiovascular sex and race differences are poorly understood.AIM To investigate the relationship between NAFLD and major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in subgroups using a nationally representative United States inpatient sample.METHODS We examined National Inpatient Sample(2019)to identify adult hospitalizations with NAFLD by age,sex,and race using ICD-10-CM codes.Clinical and demographic characteristics,comorbidities,and MACCE-related mortality,acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cardiac arrest,and stroke were compared in NAFLD cohorts by sex and race.Multivariable regression analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics,hospitalization features,and comorbidities.RESULTS We examined 409130 hospitalizations[median 55(IQR 43-66)years]with NFALD.NAFLD was more common in females(1.2%),Hispanics(2%),and Native Americans(1.9%)than whites.Females often reported non-elective admissions,Medicare enrolment,the median age of 55(IQR 42-67),and poor income.Females had higher obesity and uncomplicated diabetes but lower hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and complicated diabetes than males.Hispanics had a median age of 48(IQR 37-60),were Medicaid enrollees,and had non-elective admissions.Hispanics had greater diabetes and obesity rates than whites but lower hypertension and hyperlipidemia.MACCE,all-cause mortality,AMI,cardiac arrest,and stroke were all greater in elderly individuals(P<0.001).MACCE,AMI,and cardiac arrest were more common in men(P<0.001).Native Americans(aOR 1.64)and Asian Pacific Islanders(aOR 1.18)had higher all-cause death risks than whites.CONCLUSION Increasing age and male sex link NAFLD with adverse MACCE outcomes;Native Americans and Asian Pacific Islanders face higher mortality,highlighting a need for tailored interventions and care.

Basic Research on the Burden of Dropping off and Picking up Children: Differences by Employment Type and Gender in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

There is a need to reduce the burden of child drop-off and pick-up for child-rearing generations, but most studies on the actual situation in Japan are based on survey results. In this study, we analyzed differences in child drop-off and pick-up by employment type and gender, utilizing the “Metropolitan Area Person Trip Survey,” which is a statistical data set. The study targeted households in which both spouses were between 30 and 49 years old, had children under the age of 6, and included the following three groups. 1) Dual-income Group 1 (both spouses employed/on contract/temporary);2) Dual-income Group 2 (husband employed/on contract/temporary, wife part-time);3) Full-time housewife group (husband employed, wife unemployed). The analysis revealed that a) wives are almost always responsible for dropping off and picking up their children;b) husbands drop off and pick up their children less frequently in dual-income households;and c) households with children raising within 10 to 30 km of Tokyo Station have longer commuting times and need to reduce the burden of dropping off and picking up their children.

Let’s Talk LGBTQIA+:Strategies and Activities for Teaching Diversity and Inclusion in the Foreign Language Classroom at the College Level

In this presentation,the author explores strategies and activities that create a welcoming and nurturing environment for LGBTQIA+foreign language students at the college level in the United States.Indeed,as it is commonly stated,there is a clear lack of visibility,acceptance/tolerance,and inclusion of LGBTQIA+voices(active and proactive)in foreign language teaching and learning(pedagogical material as well as in-class attitudes and delivery).The reasons for this deficiency are diverse since they cover not only outward discrimination against and/or indifference(passive-aggressive behavior)toward the LGBTQIA+community and its plight,but they also illustrate the sheer,physical inexistence of quality material that can be used to create,present,and foster a welcoming and all-encompassing classroom environment that addresses the diverse spectrum of the LGBTQIA+community while its members try to learn a foreign language and(positively)negotiate how to express their very identity in their new language of choice.Moreover,the scant material that is available in the United States as well as in other Western countries where the LGBTQIA+community by and large is accepted-at least from the legal point of view-hardly represents and covers the subject matter in a satisfactory way.To address this gap,the author will provide some examples in European Portuguese(EP)and Italian(IT),followed by a courtesy translation in English,to illustrate some positive activities and strategies for including LGBTQIA+-related subject matter in the foreign language classroom at the college level.It is his desire that instructors of other foreign languages duplicate in their respective vernaculars the strategies and activities herein presented in order to create a welcoming and safe classroom environment that embraces the LGBTQIA+community as it goes through the enjoyable journey of learning a new language and culture.

Advancement Towards Spatial Justice:The Barrier-Free Environment Construction from a Gender Perspective

Space is both a product and a producer of social relations.In the spatial domain,gender blindness has long existed,limiting women’s rights of access to and use of space,leading to structural oppression of women’s rights,and giving rise to new gender inequalities.The barrier-free environment construction has the functions of eliminating physical barriers and generating societal norms,and when combined with social changes,can facilitate justice correction across multiple dimensions.However,barrier-free environment construction itself,as a means of justice correction,also suffers from gender blindness.There remains room for improvement in the areas of facility construction,information exchange,and social services within the realm of barrier-free environments.In response to this phenomenon,gender equality offers a new critical perspective.Therefore,integrating a gender perspective into the barrier-free environment construction,focusing on the spatial rights of women,especially groups with multiple vulnerabilities,such as disabled women and elderly women,can contribute to the advancement towards spatial justice.

The False Obvious:Gender Myth in Perfume Commercials

Perfume commercial,as a form of cultural text and practice,is relatively special in contemporary commercial advertising:The commodity qualities of perfume dictate that perfume advertisements must cater to the sexual fantasies of the audience,and therefore inevitably characterize the mainstream,dominant gender norms.At the same time,perfume commercial,as a unique marketing communication method,also unconsciously influences people’s values through sensory stimulation and emotional rendering.This article explores the connection between perfume and its commercials,sex,and gender,and discusses the generation of meaning in perfume commercials as texts and deconstructs the gender myth implied from the perspectives of representation and myth analysis,ultimately revealing that behind the gender myth of perfume commercials is but a false manifestation of the ideal self-image of the western white bourgeois heterosexuality.

Closing the Gap: Boosting Women’s Representation in Cybersecurity Leadership

The research consistently highlights the gender disparity in cybersecurity leadership roles, necessitating targeted interventions. Biased recruitment practices, limited STEM education opportunities for girls, and workplace culture contribute to this gap. Proposed solutions include addressing biased recruitment through gender-neutral language and blind processes, promoting STEM education for girls to increase qualified female candidates, and fostering inclusive workplace cultures with mentorship and sponsorship programs. Gender parity is crucial for the industry’s success, as embracing diversity enables the cybersecurity sector to leverage various perspectives, drive innovation, and effectively combat cyber threats. Achieving this balance is not just about fairness but also a strategic imperative. By embracing concerted efforts towards gender parity, we can create a more resilient and impactful cybersecurity landscape, benefiting industry and society.

The Influence of Depression on Different Age and Gender Groups in Bahawalpur

In Bahawalpur,a cross-sectional study assessed depression prevalence across age and gender groups,involving 442 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and settings.Utilizing the PHQ9 questionnaire,84%were found to meet depression levels.The findings revealed a higher incidence in females(88%)than males(79%),with the greatest disparity among young adults,particularly young women,due to factors like academic pressure and financial stress.School children had the lowest depression rates(68%),possibly due to better immunity.Elderly individuals exhibited more severe depression,likely related to aging and domestic challenges.The study’s findings highlight a significant variation in depression severity across different demographic groups,with an overall higher incidence in women.The research underscores the necessity for targeted mental health resources and interventions tailored to the specific needs of each demographic group.It also points to the importance of addressing academic and socioeconomic stressors to mitigate depression,particularly among young women.While the study provides valuable insights,it relies on self-reported data,which may introduce bias.Therefore,future research should include clinical assessments to validate these findings and ensure a more accurate representation of depression within the community.

Analysis of Osteoporosis Risk Factors in 148 Retired Employees Based on Physical Examination Results

Objective:To investigate and thoroughly understand the physical examination results of retired employees from a certain unit in Beijing,analyze their bone mineral density(BMD),and identify risk factors that may indicate osteoporosis.This provides a reference for the individualized prevention,identification,and control of osteoporosis among retired employees.Methods:The bone mineral density and potential factors of 148 retired employees from a unit in 2023 were analyzed and categorized into osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups.Key factors from the physical examinations of the two groups were compared.Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between key factors and osteoporosis.Significant key factors were included in a regression analysis.A multivariate binary logistics regression was employed to identify risk factors indicative of osteoporosis.Results:Correlation analysis revealed that gender,age,and ECG ST-segment length were significantly associated with osteoporosis.Regression analysis showed that for each additional year of age,the likelihood of developing osteoporosis increased by 1.058 times;females were 2.865 times more likely to develop osteoporosis compared to males;the longer the ECG ST-segment,the higher the likelihood of osteoporosis.Conclusion:Gender,age,and ECG ST-segment length are significantly associated with osteoporosis.These indicators can provide reference points for early identification,early intervention,and reducing the incidence of osteoporosis in clinical settings.

A Comprehensive Study on Gender Language and Its Differences in China

The study of language and gender,especially the study of gender language differences involves many fields such as psychology,sociology,anthropology,language and literature,news media,education,and so on.Starting from the broad definition of gender language,this paper composes and reviews the research history of domestic gender language and its differences.Around the research history of domestic gender language,the research period is divided according to the timeline into germination,genesis,and growth.Divided by theme and content,the main content is the phenomenon of sexism in language;the second is the study of gender language style differences;the third is the root causes of sexism and verbal gender differences,i.e.,the construction of the corresponding theories;and the fourth is the discussion of the limitations of the study of gender language in foreign countries.

Determinants of Occipital Involvement in Males and Females with Pattern Hair Loss: A Retrospective Study

Background: Pattern hair loss (PHL) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women. The occipital region, located at the back of the scalp, has been considered resistant to hair loss in PHL. It is often used as a donor site for hair transplantation procedures. However, evidence suggests that the occipital region may also be affected by PHL, although to a lesser extent compared to the frontal and vertex regions. Objective: To assess the levels and determinants of occipital involvement in PHL, focusing on gender and disease severity. Such data would enhance the comprehensive understanding of PHL progression and inform development of improved treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study involved 1993 adults (1000 males, 993 females) following for PHL at a specialized hair clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Any patient who had hair transplantation in the past and any male who had balding areas (Hamilton-Norwood scales 4 to 7) at the initial consultation was excluded. The primary outcome was occipital involvement, defined as >10% thin hairs in the trichometry assessments of the occipital region. Additional data included patients age, treatment status, disease severity, and other trichometry parameters. Results: The prevalence of occipital involvement was found to be 23.8% overall, significantly more frequent in females (35.6%) than males with early PHL (Hamilton-Norwood scales 2 and 3) (12.1%) (p Conclusion: This study underscored the relevance of gender and disease severity in occipital involvement in PHL. Females had significantly higher rates of occipital involvement, suggesting that gender differences are critical in understanding PHL progression. Future research should aim to validate these findings, with an aim to refine therapeutic and surgical approaches to improve patient outcomes.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

When Conscious Consumerism Backfires:A Critical Study on Social Exclusion,Partnerships,and White Saviorism

Purpose:What factors influence conscious consumerism,especially related to race and gender identities?This scholarship explores three white women-led social responsibility organizations’(SROs)aspirations to encourage conscious consumerism as well as factors that influence conscious consumerism.Design/methodology/approach:Using the Black feminist thought and sustainability development theory,the data were analyzed using a thematic analysis to explore the activation of the white savior industrial complex(WSIC)in SROs.Interviews provided in-depth knowledge of the SRO culture including,but not limited to,insight on social exclusion and partnerships.Findings:Noonday Collection,Sseko Designs,and Trades of Hope,all SROs,aspire to be dedicated to people,planet,and profit and encourage conscious consumerism as a means for their customer base and sales consultants to“do their part”,and yet,an unintended consequence of the SROs’work is social exclusion and white saviorism.Originality:This scholarship investigates what can be done to dismantle the overreliance of conscious consumerism in an effort to finally strip white saviorism,and its role in the white savior industrial complex(WSIC),of its power.

Gendering the second demographic transition:gender asymmetry,gendered tension,and cohabitation in contemporary urban China

The Second Demographic Transition(SDT)framework highlights individuals'ideational shift toward greater individualism in explaining the rise of non-marriage unions.Contemporary China has seen a substantial increase in premarital cohabitation.Drawing on 65 in-depth interviews with highly educated young urban Chinese women and men,this article examines the gendered ways in which young Chinese adults perceive and make decisions about premarital cohabitation,as they envision their ideal lives and what autonomy and self-realization mean to them.I demonstrate that while male respondents predominantly view cohabitation positively as a risk-reduction strategy for avoiding incompatible marriages,female respondents still consider cohabitation to be a risk-amplification arrangement in practice that increases the possibility of uncertain marriage prospect,unsafe sex,and reputational damages.Young women,but not men,often have to strategizethrough carefully managing information disclosureabout persistent parental expectations that discourage women's premarital cohabitation.As a result,while male respondents regard marriage to be neither the necessary precondition nor the end goal of cohabitation,female respondents,who otherwise emphasize autonomy and individualistic fulfllment,continue to desire a close linkage between cohabitation and marriage.Leveraging the unique strength of qualitative data in demographic research,this article articulates the gender asymmetry in how women and men perceive cohabitation's risks,benefits,and link to marriage.I elucidate the gendered tension between privately-held ideals of individualism vis-a-vis enduring social norms of female marriageability,as women and men differentially navigate parental expectations surrounding cohabitation.In so doing,this article makes a theoretical contribution by bringing a careful treatment of gender into the SDT framework.

Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences

The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

A staggering rise of HIV cases in Pakistan

In the last decade,Pakistan has experienced multidemics of HIV in key populations,namely:injecting drug users,male sex with male,female sex workers,transgender sex workers,and transgenders.According to recent reports,in Pakistan,210000 people with HIV accounts for less than 0.2%of the general population.

Interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes in extramedullary multiple myeloma over the past two decades

BACKGROUND Extramedullary multiple myeloma(MM)(EMM)is a rare and aggressive subentity of MM that can be present at diagnosis or develop anytime during the disease course.There is a paucity of data on the clinical characteristics and overall epidemiology of EMM.Furthermore,there is a scarcity of data on how the interaction of age and gender influences the survival of EMM.AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with EMM over the past 2 decades and to identify epidemiologic characteristics that may impact overall prognosis.METHODS A total of 858 patients diagnosed with EMM,between 2000 and 2017,were ultimately enrolled in our study by retrieving the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results database.We analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,and overall mortality(OM)as well as cancer-specific mortality(CSM)of EMM.Variables with a P value<0.1 in the univariate Cox regression were incorporated into the multivariate Cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors,with a hazard ratio(HR)of greater than 1 representing adverse prognostic factors.RESULTS From a sample of 858 EMM,the male gender(63.25%),age range 60-79 years(51.05%),and non-Hispanic whites(66.78%)were the most represented.Central Nervous System and the vertebral column was the most affected site(33.10%).Crude analysis revealed higher OM in the age group 80+[HR=6.951,95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.299-14.647,P=0],Non-Hispanic Black population(HR=1.339,95%CI:1.02-1.759,P=0.036),Bones not otherwise specified(NOS)(HR=1.74,95%CI:1.043-2.902,P=0.034),and widowed individuals(HR=2.107,95%CI:1.511-2.938,P=0).Skin involvement(HR=0.241,95%CI:0.06-0.974,P=0.046)and a yearly income of$75000+(HR=0.259,95%CI:0.125-0.538,P=0)had the lowest OM in the crude analysis.Crude analysis revealed higher CSM in the age group 80+,Non-Hispanic Black,Bones NOS,and widowed.Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses only revealed higher OM in the age group 80+(HR=9.792,95%CI:4.403-21.774,P=0)and widowed individuals(HR=1.609,95%CI:1.101-2.35,P=0.014).Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of CSM also revealed higher mortality of the same groups.Eyes,mouth,and ENT involvement had the lowest CSM in the multivariate analysis.There was no interaction between age and gender in the adjusted analysis for OM and CSM.CONCLUSION EMM is a rare entity.To our knowledge,there is a scarcity of data on the clinical characteristics and prognosis factors of patients with extramedullary multiple myeloma.In this retrospective cohort,using a United States-based population,we found that age,marital status,and tumor site were independent prognostic factors.Furthermore,we found that age and gender did not interact to influence the mortality of patients with EMM.