Application of Land-use Change Model in Guiding Regional Planning:A Case Study in Hun-Taizi River Watershed,Northeast China

This paper firstly investigated the land-use and land-cover change （LUCC） in the Hun-Taizi River water- shed, Northeast China from 1988 to 2004 based on remotely sensed images and geographic information systems （GIS） technology. Then, using the famous land-use change model of Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small re- gional extent （CLUE-S）, this paper simulated the land use changes under historical trend （HT）, urban planning （UP） and ecological protection （EP） scenarios considering urban planning and ecological protection over the next 20 years. The simulated results under UP scenario in 2020 were compared with the planning map to assess the feasibility of us- ing land-use change model to guide regional planning. Results show that forest land, dry farmland, paddy, and shrub land were the main land-use categories. Paddy and dry farmland being converted to urban area and rural settlement characterized the land-use change from 1988 to 2004. The main land-use categories changed over time. Landscape-pattem fragmentation will be worse under HT and UP scenarios, but better in EP scenario. The comparing results of simulated map with planning map in 2020 show that land-use change model is powerful tool to guide regional planning. Land-use scenarios can support regional planning and policy-making through analyzing future consequences scientifically.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT ON LAND-USE PLANNING-A Case Study of Changchun Economic and Technological Zone

The study centers on the necessity,t he workflowand the synthetically in tegrated methods(Principal Compo-nentAnalysis(PCA),AndyticalHierarchy Process(AHP)andFuzzy Comprerhensive Evaluatio n(FCE))ofstrategic environ-ment assessment (SEA)on land-use planning.The whole article includes three main parts:firstly,some attribute database,graphic-base and the spatial transform matrix,which reflect the change of regional land-use pattern,can be ob-tained by GIS technique;secondly,a dopting fitting method of trend-sur face analysis will convert environm ent monitoring data from scattered spots to regular control spots,based on which we can p erform regional environment impact assess-ment;finally,Changchun Economic a nd Technological Developmen Zone is chosen as a case study on land-use pla nning.Through those efforts the results ma y be obtained as follows:1)according to transform matrix,the p ossibility of transforma-tion from one land-use to another can be obtained after the planning is carried out;2)environment quality would change as a result of the change of land-use p attern;3)the SEA on land-use plan is an effecti ve tool to make land-use pattern more reasonable.

Investigating the Use of a Modified NSGA-II Solution for Land-Use Planning in Mediterranean Islands

This paper explores the potential application of a modified version of the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA)-II for land-use planning in Mediterranean islands that constitute a geographical entity with similar characteristics. Study area is the island of Naxos, which is a typical Mediterranean island. In order to monitor the land-use changes of the island for the period 1987-2010, object-based classification of three Landsat images has been carried out. The 1987 land-use classification defined the initial population for the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the aim was to provide the optimal development scenario for Naxos island taking into consideration legislation, geological characteristics and environmental parameters. The GA was used in order to introduce land use changes while maximizing transformation suitability, compactness, economic return, and minimizing soil erosion. The output of the GA was compared to the actual development of the island. The outcomes confirmed the proposed algorithm’s convergence process, while the GA solutions eventually formed a Pareto Front and performed adequately across all objectives. The GA algorithm has proposed reduction of Irrigated farming land by 16%, increase of Dry farming land by 131%, and the maximum allowed by the defined constraints increase of Urban land (100%), mostly on the eastern and central part of Naxos. These changes significantly differ from the actual development of the island. Economic return after optimization increased by 18%, while soil erosion decreased from 1948 t/y to 1843 t/y.

Information System for Land-Use Planning and Management

In order to maintain the overall social interest in land use and improve the level of land administration, an information system for land-use planning and management （ISLUPM） was established, which is composed of presentation layer, business logic layer and data layer in the general structure. The application support platform of the ISLUPM, built based on COM, COM ＋ and .NET standard components, includes data engine, data management, assemblies, components management, operation management, and interface. Then, an elaboration was made on major functions of the ISLUPM, such as planning revision scheme, planning operation flow, digital processing, thematic analysis and inquiry, and preparation of the chart of reserved land resources. The developed system has been successfully applied to the land-use planning and management work of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China. It may provide a reference for development of geographic information system （GIS） for land and resources.

Land-Use Planning Guidelines for Optimal Coastal Environmental Management

The objective of this study is to weigh and recommend environmentally-optimal regional land-use planning guidelines for coastal regions. The present malaise is assessed, as regards inefficiencies, non-suitability, non-sustainability, enhancing factors of environmental degradation, and potentially destructive consequences of current land-use alteration. Desired situations and goals are considered, and means are proposed for bridging the gap between the present malaise and a desired situation, based on five key approaches developed by the authors. Specific examples of regional approaches are presented. Guidelines and operational measures for sound regional planning the authors have employed in similar circumstances are recommended.

Research on the Model of General Landscape Planning of City Road System

This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.

Application of the Engineering-Geological Conditions in Land-Use Plans in the Petrvald Region(Czech Republic)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate necessity to inform relevant parties about engineering-geological conditions for various practical purposes, especially including appropriate land-use planning. However, the relationship between relevant geological information and the geological environment is vital for foundation engineering purposes, especially where demanding structures are involved. This information is most conveniently structured when accumulated information concerning engineering-geological zones is utilized. This necessarily includes knowledge of rock workability and also of the pre-Quaternary bedrock, and these characteristics were then related to the current built-up area and future development according to the land-use plans in a case study are from the Petrvald Region （Czech Republic）. The geological environment of area has been severely influenced by anthropogenic effects of deep black coal mining. Results of this research showed that future development should be founded on spoil banks, dumps, and settling basins. According to the land-use plan, this zone occupies 44.9% of the area of interest, and its materials predominantly emanate from mining in the Ostrava-Karvina Coal District. For future foundation structures planned there, it is imperative to consult detailed engineering-geological study. However, attention to and reliance on this necessity is not reflected in the existing land-use plan.

A Study on the Theory and Approach of Environmental Impact Assessment in General Land Use Planning

In this paper,the theory and approach of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning are studied from different aspects.First,starting from the content and concept of general land use planning,the necessity of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning is illustrated.On the basis of its evaluation theories and methodologies,it attempts to establish index system of environmental impact assessment in general land use planning,and point outs that current general land use planning requires public participation.

General Plan of Rural Eco-tourism—A Case Study of Wenxian Manor in Wuchang City of China

From the perspective of eco-tourism and principles for sustainable development,based on the analysis of tourist resources of Wenxian Manor in Wuchang City,the paper has proposed development principles for Wenxian Manor,and identified its development tendency and tourism project in the general plan,division of functional zones,development of tourist products,organization of tourism route,construction of tourism service facilities,and transport planning.The concept of eco-tourism has been fully integrated into the general plan,striving to achieve the harmonious unity between human and nature in the development of Wenxian Manor.

A grey multi-objective programming approach for sustainable land-use in the Miyun Reservoir Basin,China

Miyun Reservoir is the most important water source to Beijing City. Land-use of the basin plays a great role in the protection of water resources. Hence a sustainable land-use planning is required to optimize land-use structure and protect water resources in the basin. Based on the complete land-use system analysis in Miyun, a grey multi-objective programming to basin land-use(GMOPBLU) model was developed and applied to land-use planning. Two alternatives were produced and analyzed by means of interactive adjustment and scenario analysis. The results showed the GMOPBLU model is a valuable approach for basin land-use planning.

A Hybrid Inexact Optimization Model for Land-use Allocation of China

Land scarcity has become the prominent obstacle on the way to sustainable development for China. Under the constraints of land shortage, how to allocate the finite land resources to the multiple land users in China considering various political, environmental, ecological and economic conditions have become research topics with great significance. In this study, an interval fuzzy national-scale land-use model(IFNLM) was developed for optimizing land systems of China. IFNLM is based on an integration of existing interval linear programming(ILP), and fuzzy flexible programming(FFP) techniques. IFNLM allows uncertainties expressed as discrete interval values and fuzzy sets to be incorporated within a general optimization framework. It can also facilitate national-scale land-use planning under various environmental, ecological, social conditions within a multi-period and multi-option context. Then, IFNLM was applied to a real case study of land-use planning in China. The satisfaction degree of environmental constraints is between 0.69 and 0.97, the system benefit will between 198.25 × 1012 USD and 229.67 × 1012 USD. The results indicated that the hybrid model can help generate desired policies for land-use allocation with a maximized economic benefit and minimized environmental violation risk. Optimized land-use allocation patterns can be generated from the proposed IFNLM.

Trade-offs/Synergies in Land-use Function Changes in Central China from 2000 to 2015

To solve the problems caused by irrational land-use, studying the functions of land-use, its changing characteristics, and the relationship between each land-use function will be beneficial for achieving sustainable land development. In this research, we constructed an evaluation framework of multiple land-use functions(LUFs) based on sustainable land-use theory. Specifically,, we classified the multiple LUFs into three types: agricultural production function(APF), living function(LVF), and ecological service function(ESF).We then spatialized the economic and social data, and implemented the InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) model and RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model to evaluate each sub-LUF(crop production, aquatic production, woodlands production, livestock production, living space, life quality, water supply, soil conservation, climate regulation, biological conservation) in central China in 2000 and again in 2015. Moreover, by analyzing the changes to LUFs and the relationships between each LUF change, we were able to discern patterns of LUF change in central China. The results show that: (1)42.12% of total territory in the study area increased their APF from 2000 to 2015, while 43.41% of the lands increased their ESF yet only 8.98% of the lands increased their LVF;(2) in Hubei and Hunan, there was more land with an increase of APF than in Anhui or Jiangxi. The APF in Jiangxi exhibited the greatest decline over time period, the LVF increased more in the provincial capital cities than in other regions, and the ESF expanded more in Jiangxi than in the other provinces;and (3) the changes in APF were significantly and positively correlated with changes in LVF. Additionally, changes in ESF were negatively but non-significantly correlated with changes in APF and LVF.

ANALYSIS ON LAND-USE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVING FACTORS IN H AINAN ISLAND DURING 50YEARS FROM 1950TO 1999

Land-use change is an important part of global change research(IGBP,1990-1992).But the majority of researches focus on the natural dr iving force of land use change.In thi s paper,the authors studied the rela tionship be-tween socio-economic driving facto rs and land-use change with time series in Hainan Island.Based on the stud y for the evolution of administrative system and policies in Hainan Island and the comprehensive analysis on the socia l economy da-ta and changes of social policies,th e socio-economic policies,human activities and land use of Hainan can be divided into three periods with different ch aracters:period from1950to 1978ch aracterized by the planning economi c system,peri-od from 1978to 1988characterized by the transfer of economic system and a doption of open policy,new stage fro m 1988to 1998with high growing speed.On th e other hand the authors describe the character of the periods and land-use change process affected by socio-economic factors.This paper provides an important method for evaluating the development and changes of Hainan social economy dur ing the 50years from 1950to 1999and f orecasting the development of Hainan so-cial economy in future.

TEDA(Tianjin Economic-technological Development Area)——A General Survey, Experience and the Plan for Future Development.

Since its establishment about ten years ago, TEDA has taken advantage of eachopportune time created by China’s policy of opening wider and wider to the outsideworld and the rapid economic growth to deepen its reform and extend its exploitation,and thus has maintained a favorable momentum and an extraordinary high speed foreconomic development. With the total economic output of the whole area raised to

A Setup for a Scenario-Driven Water Balance at Landscape Scale—Assessment with AKWA-M~-Embedded in a Model Framework for Land-Use Planning’s Decision Support in Mountainous Southwest China

Land-cover changes cause a loss of natural vegetation in many parts of the world. In the Xishuangbanna （西双版纳） district （Yunnan （云南） Province）, rubber plantations replace tropical rainforests covering already an area of about 10% of the study area （2007）. There, land-use allocation is mostly driven by economic considerations. Thus, local planning authorities need decision support for land-use planning issues, which integrate socio-economic and ecological aspects. Within the NabanFrame, an agro-economic, ecological and social model was applied, which, altogether, interacted with a land allocation model via defined interfaces. Effects on the water cycle, ecological conditions as well as socio-economic should be considered by integrating the spatially distributed rainfali-runoff and water balance model AKWA-M in the model setup.

Improved algorithms to plan missions for agile earth observation satellites

This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satellites. Hence, the mission planning and scheduling of AEOS is a popular research problem. This research investigates AEOS characteristics and establishes a mission planning model based on the working principle and constraints of AEOS as per analysis. To solve the scheduling issue of AEOS, several improved algorithms are developed. Simulation results suggest that these algorithms are effective.

Land-use planning in China:Past,present,and future

Under the framework of ecological civilisation,the formulation of territorial spatial planning(TSP) and improvement of spatial governance systems are of great practical significance.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,land-use planning(LUP) has experienced profound changes,and tremendous research efforts have been made in that field.However,systematic studies on LUP history are scarce.To bridge the existing gap,this study traced back to the emergence of LUP,described its practice stages,and analysed the evolution of its classification system and methods.Further,the three rounds of general LUP practice and the current TSP over the past 40 years of the reform and opening-up have been discussed.The evolution of LUP was found to be closely related to economic development and could be broadly divided into four stages.The development of land-use classification in China has been slow and can be divided into five stages according to the evolution of the land classification system and important historical events.The development of LUP methods can be divided into two stages,before and after 1978.Since the economic reform,China has successively conducted three rounds of general LUP under different institutional and policy backgrounds.Future development should aim to innovate the theories and methods of TSP with Chinese characteristics and promote the study of village planning and the construction of TSP systems to achieve rural revitalisation and ecological civilisation.

An inexact risk management model for agricultural land-use planning under water shortage

Water resources availability has a significant impact on agricultural land-use planning, especially in a water shortage area such as North China. The random nature of available water resources and other uncertainties in an agricultural system present risk for land-use planning and may lead to undesirable decisions or potential economic loss. In this study, an inexact risk management model （IRM） was developed for supporting agricultural land-use planning and risk analysis under water shortage. The IRM model was formulated through incorporating a conditional value-at-risk （CVaR） constraint into an inexact two-stage stochastic programming （ITSP） framework, and could be used to control uncertainties expressed as not only probability distributions but also as discrete intervals. The measure of risk about the second-stage penalty cost was incorporated into the model so that the trade-off between system benefit and extreme expected loss could be analyzed. The developed model was applied to a case study in the Zhangweinan River Basin, a typical agricultural region facing serious water shortage in North China. Solutions of the IRM model showed that the obtained first-stage land-use target values could be used to reflect decision-makers＇ opinions on the long-term devel- opment plan. The confidence level a and maximum acceptable risk loss fl could be used to reflect decision- makers＇ preference towards system benefit and risk control. The results indicated that the IRM model was useful for reflecting the decision-makers＇ attitudes toward risk aversion and could help seek cost-effective agricul- tural land-use planning strategies under complex uncer- tainties.

Efficient Process Monitoring Under General Weibull Distribution

Product testing is a key ingredient in maintaining the quality of a pro-duction process.The production process is considered an efficient process if it is capable of quick identification of faulty products.The items produced by any production process are usually packed and acceptance or rejection of the pack depends upon its conformity to some specified quality level.Generally,the specified quality level is based upon the number of defective items found in the inspected number of items.Such decisions are based upon some rules and usually acceptance of the pack is based upon a fewer number of defective items in the pack.Such questions can be answered by using acceptance sampling plans.The acceptance sampling plans assume the fact that the quality level of the item follows some probability distribution.The sampling plans based upon some classical probability distributions are available but often it happens that the quality behavior of the product does not follow a simple probability model and hence the available sampling plans fail.In this paper,we have developed acceptance sampling plans when the product life follows a general Weibull distribution.The sampling plans have been constructed by considering the crisp and fuzzy behavior of the acceptance probability.These sampling plans have been constructed by assuming an infinite lot size.It has been found that the number of items required for inspection decreases with an increase in some parameters.

美国工会与马歇尔计划--从外交活动看美国工会上层的保守性格

美国政府在冷战初期颁布马歇尔计划,目的是通过振兴西欧各国经济来稳定那里的资本主义秩序。然而要实施这项政策,仅仅依靠西欧政府的合作还远远不够。当时,西欧左翼工会都反对马歇尔计划,并不断发动罢工以抵制它的实施。在这个关键时刻,美国主流工会发挥了白宫和国务院所不能起到的作用。在1947-1949年这段时间里,由于劳联和产联的上层在西欧工会中做了大量工作,致使右翼工会纷纷出来支持欧洲复兴,同时也导致西欧左翼工会的分裂,从而削弱了反对阵营的力量。这一切都为马歇尔计划的实施创造了条件,同时也充分显示出美国工会上层极端保守的政治性格。