Progressive failure processes of reinforced slopes based on general particle dynamic method

In order to resolve grid distortions in finite element method(FEM), the meshless numerical method which is called general particle dynamics(GPD) was presented to simulate the large deformation and failure of geomaterials. The Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion was implemented into the code to describe the elasto-brittle behaviours of geomaterials while the solid-structure(reinforcing pile) interaction was simulated as an elasto-brittle material. The Weibull statistical approach was applied to describing the heterogeneity of geomaterials. As an application of general particle dynamics to slopes, the interaction between the slopes and the reinforcing pile was modelled. The contact between the geomaterials and the reinforcing pile was modelled by using the coupling condition associated with a Lennard-Jones repulsive force. The safety factor, corresponding to the minimum shear strength reduction factor "R", was obtained, and the slip surface of the slope was determined. The numerical results are in good agreement with those obtained from limit equilibrium method and finite element method. It indicates that the proposed geomaterial-structure interaction algorithm works well in the GPD framework.

Solution of general dynamic equation for nanoparticles in turbulent flow considering fluctuating coagulation

A new averaged general dynamic equation （GDE） for nanoparticles in the turbulent flow is derived by considering the combined effect of convection, Brownian diffusion, turbulent diffusion, turbulent coagulation, and fluctuating coagulation. The equation is solved with the Taylor-series expansion moment method in a turbulent pipe flow. The experiments are performed. The numerical results of particle size distribu- tion correlate well with the experimental data. The results show that, for a turbulent nanoparticulate flow, a fluctuating coagulation term should be included in the averaged particle GDE. The larger the Schmidt number is and the lower the Reynolds number is, the smaller the value of ratio of particle diameter at the outlet to that at the inlet is. At the outlet, the particle number concentration increases from the near-wall region to the near-center region. The larger the Schmidt number is and the higher the Reynolds num- ber is, the larger the difference in particle number concentration between the near-wall region and near-center region is. Particle polydispersity increases from the near-center region to the near-wall region. The particles with a smaller Schmidt number and the flow with a higher Reynolds number show a higher polydispersity. The degree of particle polydispersity is higher considering fluctuating coagulation than that without considering fluctuating coagulation.

TBM滚刀破岩的广义粒子动力学数值模拟

提出了一种新的无网格数值模拟计算方法——广义粒子动力学法(GPD),并在GPD算法中引入了粒子损伤理论。运用GPD方法,建立了TBM单滚刀、双滚刀作用下的完整岩体破岩模型,成功模拟了TBM滚刀破岩过程。通过与数值模拟结果及室内试验结果的对比分析,验证了GPD法模拟TBM滚刀破岩过程的有效性。同时,运用GPD方法建立了含节理岩体及高围压条件下岩体的TBM滚刀破岩模型,研究了节理及围压条件下TBM滚动破岩过程。得到了节理对TBM滚刀破岩效率的影响,既可能是促进作用又可能是抑制作用,高围压对TBM滚刀破岩过程中裂纹的起裂及扩展和破岩深度有较大的影响。

断续节理岩体的TBM滚刀破岩机理研究

了推广全断面隧道掘进机(TBM)在节理发育地层中的应用,研究断续节理地质条件下TBM滚刀的破岩过程、破岩模式及效率具有重要意义。采用一种新的无网格数值模拟方法即广义粒子动力学(GPD)法,研究断续节理倾角的变化对滚刀破岩模式及效率的影响。结果表明:对含单根断续节理的岩体,节理尖端越靠近加载面,同时越靠近滚刀加载位置时,节理对中央裂纹和破岩深度的抑制作用越大;断续节理倾角对破岩效率的影响不同于连续节理,滚刀切入率P 75°<P 0°<P 90°<P 30°<P 60°<P 45°<P 15°,即按照此顺序破岩难度逐渐减小。

Monte Carlo simulation for simultaneous particle coagulation and deposition

The process of dynamic evolution in dispersed systems due to simultaneous particle coagulation and deposition is described mathematically by general dynamic equation (GDE). Monte Carlo (MC) method is an important approach of numerical solu- tions of GDE. However, constant-volume MC method exhibits the contradictory of low computation cost and high computation precision owing to the fluctuation of the number of simulation particles; constant-number MC method can hardly be applied to engineering application and general scientific quantitative analysis due to the continual contraction or expansion of computation domain. In addition, the two MC methods depend closely on the “subsystem” hypothesis, which constraints their expansibility and the scope of application. A new multi-Monte Carlo (MMC) method is promoted to take account of GDE for simulta- neous particle coagulation and deposition. MMC method introduces the concept of “weighted fictitious particle” and is based on the “time-driven” technique. Furthermore MMC method maintains synchronously the computational domain and the total number of fictitious particles, which results in the latent expansibility of simulation for boundary con- dition, the space evolution of particle size distribution and even particle dynamics. The simulation results of MMC method for two special cases in which analytical solutions exist agree with analytical solutions well, which proves that MMC method has high and stable computational precision and low computation cost because of the constant and limited number of fictitious particles. Lastly the source of numerical error and the relative error of MMC method are analyzed, respectively.