A Comparison of New General System Theory Philosophy With Einstein and Bohr

The New General System theory was developed to be a theory of everything for complex systems within the world we can observe.This theory was constructed by supplementing a new mind-ether ontology into Bertalanffy’s general system theory framework.This theory is basically a generalization of classical mechanics rather than a revolution to it taken both by Einstein and Bohr in developing their relativity theory and quantum mechanics.The purpose of this paper is to reveal the reasons why Einstein and many others fail to unify relativity theory with quantum mechanics through comparing the main differences in philosophical opinions among NGST,Einstein,and Bohr.It is the hope of the authors that this clarification could speed up the unification process.

On the Philosophical Ontology for a General System Theory

System is a very general concept and theoretically speaking, every problem encountered can be modeled as a system. Thus, the general system theory (GST) proposed by Bertalanffy (1968) and developed by many others e.g. Bunge (1977;1979;1983a;1983b) and Maturana and Varela (1980;1987) could be treated as a theory of everything (TOE). However, it is well-known that the present version of GST has not reached the level of TOE because it lacks a clear ontology. Currently, quantum mechanics (QM), Newtonian mechanics (NM) and general relativity (GR), suitable for microscopic, macroscopic and cosmic phenomena respectively are based on very different ontologies. In this paper, a unified ontology for the general system theory which could be applied to any scale from micro to cosmic is proposed. It is expected that this could lay a foundation to generalize GST to TOE.

Re-examination of the Two-Body Problem Using Our New General System Theory

It is well-known that philosophical conflicts exist among classical mechanics,quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics.In order to use the framework of general system theory to unify these three mechanics subjects,a new general system theory is developed based on a new ontology of ether and minds as the fundamental existences in the world.The two-body problem is the simplest model in mechanics and in this paper,it is re-examined by using our new general system theory.It is found that the current description of the classical full two-body problem is inappropriate since the observer and the measurement apparatus have not been explicitly considered.After considering these,it is actually a three-body problem while only the special case of the Kepler problem is the two-body problem.By introducing the concepts of psychic force and psychic field,all the possible movement states in the two-body problem can be explained within the framework of classical mechanics.There is no need to change the meanings of many fundamental concepts,such as time,space,matter,mass,and energy as done in quantum mechanics and relativity theory.This points out a new direction for the unification of different theories.

On the Trajectory Prediction of a Throwing Object Using New General System Theory

Trajectory prediction for the movement of a given object is one of the main tasks for the classical mechanics but in orthodox quantum mechanics,this task was announced to be an impossibility for the(sub-)atomic particles by famous Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.Of course,such an epistemology is against the philosophical beliefs of many scientists and currently another version of trajectory quantum mechanics known as Bohmian mechanics also exists.In order to unify the conflicts among classical mechanics,quantum mechanics,and relativity theory,a new general system theory(NGST)was proposed by the present author and his colleagues.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that it is not the scale that matters but the living nature whether the object is lifeless or living.By using the psychic force concept introduced in NGST,Newton’s second law is applied to analyze five different types of objects.They are a stone,a coin,a cat,a person,and an electron.It is found that the classical mechanics has provided adequate room to explain the various newly observed phenomena for orthodox quantum mechanics and relativity theory and for human beings various parapsychological phenomena can also be explained by classical mechanics.Therefore,it is concluded that generalization of classical mechanics is adequate and no need to develop revolutionary quantum mechanics and relativity theory.

Re-examination of Fundamental Concepts of Heat, Work, Energy, Entropy, and Information Based on NGST

In order to use the framework of general system theory(GST)to unify the three mechanics subjects of classical mechanics,quantum mechanics,and relativistic mechanics,a new general system theory(NGST)is developed based on a new ontology of ether and minds as the fundamental existences in the world.Based on this new ontology,many fundamental concepts have been detected to be ambiguously defined nowadays and particularly lack of ontological support.In our previous work,some of the fundamental concepts such as universe,world,time,space,matter,ether,mind,life,field,force have been redefined.The purpose of this paper is to clarify the concepts of energy,heat,work,entropy,and information in our NGST.This is an important and necessary step in the development of the NGST.

Effect of the Earth Movement on the Measured Moon Trajectory

All lunar theories within the framework of classical mechanics are based on the assumption of an inertial frame of reference,which is physically non-existent and has scarcely been examined in previous studies.This paper aims to examine the consequence of giving up the assumption of the existence of an inertial frame and the relevant influence on the measured moon trajectories.The general formulation of the lunar orbit is built from the perspective of the new general system theory(NGST),where the moon is modelled as a 6-DOF living body and active forces are introduced.This formulation can be retrograded to the framework of classical mechanics.Firstly,we calculate the active forces on the moon when a fixed earth movement and a fixed moon movement are assumed in the god-coordinate system.Then we investigate what will happen to the measured moon trajectory in the human-coordinate system when the earth movement and other parameters are perturbed in several cases.It is found that the results are sometimes inconsistent with the explanations using inertia forces in classical mechanics but can be well explained by NGST.We also discovered that the active forces on the moon should be adjusted constantly to maintain the stable measured moon trajectory.

Repositioning Urban Heritage-Setting the Scene

International conventions,charters and recommendations tend to follow trends and are generally reactive to contemporary circumstances;the debates on urban heritage are no exception.These texts need to be read in the perspective of socio-economic and environmental considerations of their time together with their inter-dependence on other disciplines.The dramatic changes to our urban conurbations have included environmental degradation,the complexities of migrations and socio-economic transformations.Addressing these major concerns in managing urban heritage highlights the necessity for cross-disciplinarity in research and the need for adopting a more integrative attitude in the planning processes.Applying the General System Theory by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy brings a systematic,holistic methodology from the realms of modern science into extending the historic centre and the city with a territorial approach of the metropolis allowing for sustainable and resilient rural and urban linkages.This article brings together seven contributions on issues affecting the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape The potential of the digital revolution is in the capacity of recognizing the speed and rapidity of change,and the mega-data available as affecting our lives and environment together with the role of history,tradition and continuity in linking the past to the future.