The Onsager reciprocity relation and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor

Based on a general model of Brownian motors, the Onsager coefficients and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor are calculated analytically. It is found that the Onsager reciprocity relation holds and the Onsager coefficients are not affected by the kinetic energy change due to the particle＇s motion. Only when the heat leak in the system is negligible can the determinant of the Onsager matrix vanish. Moreover, the influence of the main parameters characterizing the model on the generalized efficiency of the Brownian motor is discussed in detail. The characteristic curves of the generalized efficiency varying with these parameters are presented, and the maximum generalized efficiency and the corresponding optimum parameters are determined. The results obtained here are of general significance. They are used to analyze the performance characteristics of the Brownian motors operating in the three interesting cases with zero heat leak, zero average drift velocity or a linear response relation, so that some important conclusions in current references are directly included in some limit cases of the present paper.

Benson proper efficiency for vector optimization of generalized subconvexlike set-valued maps in ordered linear spaces

Several equivalent statements of generalized subconvexlike set-valued map are established in ordered linear spaces. Using vector closure, we introduce Benson proper efficient solution of vector optimization problem. Under the assumption of generalized subconvexlikeness, scalarization, multiplier and saddle point theorems are obtained in the sense of Benson proper efficiency.

Efficiency of Some Estimators for a Generalized Poisson Autoregressive Process of Order 1

Various models have been proposed in the literature to study non-negative integer-valued time series. In this paper, we study estimators for the generalized Poisson autoregressive process of order 1, a model developed by Alzaid and Al-Osh [1]. We compare three estimation methods, the methods of moments, quasi-likelihood and conditional maximum likelihood and study their asymptotic properties. To compare the bias of the estimators in small samples, we perform a simulation study for various parameter values. Using the theory of estimating equations, we obtain expressions for the variance-covariance matrices of those three estimators, and we compare their asymptotic efficiency. Finally, we apply the methods derived in the paper to a real time series.

Experimental Study and Analysis on Performance and Dedusting Efficiency of Frothing Generator

By simulating test and study in laboratory, the structure and performance offrothing generator were determined. The relative curves between the frothing volume and gas velocityof foaming net, supplying liquid volume and the content of foaming agent were obtainedrespectively. There were an optimum gas-velocity of foaming net, an optimum supplying liquid volumeand an optimum content of foaming agent under the condition of the given material quality and shapeof foaming net and spraying form. The spraying froth is of a great assistance in collectingrespirable dust.

The impact of dielectrics on the electrical capacity, concentration, efficiency ozone generation for the plasma reactor with mesh electrodes

This paper presents experimental results concerning the effect of dielectric type on ozone concentration and the efficiency of its generation in plasma reactor with two mesh electrodes.Three types of dielectric solid were used in the study; glass, micanite and Kapton insulating foil. The experiments were conducted for voltage ranges from 2.3 to 13 k V. A plasma reactor equipped with two 0.3×0.3 mm^2 mesh electrodes made of acid resistant AISI 304 mesh was used in the experiments. The influence of the dielectric type on the concentration and efficiency of ozone generation was described. The resulting maximum concentration of the ozone was about 2.70–9.30 g O3 m^-3, depending on the dielectrics used. The difference between the maximum and the minimum ozone concentration depends on the dielectric used,this accounts for 70% at the variance. The reactor capacity has also been described in the paper; total Ct and dielectric capacitance Cd depending on the dielectric used and its thickness.

Fully Integrated High-Voltage Generators with Optimized Power Efficiency

This paper describes how the power efficiency of fully integrated Dickson charge pumps in high- voltage IC technologies can be improved considerably by implementing charge recycling techniques, by replacing the normal PN junction diodes by pulse-driven active diodes, and by choosing an appropriate advanced smart power IC technology. A detailed analysis reveals that the combination of these 3 methods more than doubles the power efficiency compared to traditional Dickson charge pump designs.

Parallel Correlative Study of the Heat Balance Test Process for Testing the Efficiency of Turbo-Generators

In order to prolong the life span of a turbo-generator plant and sustain its performance at high efficiency, it is subjected periodically to regular test to monitor the operational profile and efficiency of power conversion from mechanical energy to electrical energy. Analysis of these test data serves as a measure to indicate deviation from normal operation profile and deterioration of plant performance. This present work implemented the heat balance tests process to three turb- generator units in order to assess the harmony, consistency, and accuracy of results to establish parallel correlation for the test process. The test process involves carrying out a heat balance for the turbo-generators at 50%, 75% and 100% load respectively through the determination of the heat losses through the hydrogen coolers, bearing oil, seal oil and radiation and convention to the atmosphere. Some important results were presented in the paper.

Vacuum Dependent Bell Local Hidden Variable Models and Generalized C.H.S.H. Inequalities

We extend a previous model of the author which generalizes Bell local hidden variable models to the case of entangled photon pairs assuming that the standard Bell correlation functions depend on a hidden vacuum index. We deduce a generalization of Bell theorem assuming that classical observables are not dichotomic and that photon pair emission and detection is not a stationary stochastic process. We derive a photon imperfect polarization correlation functions due to rotational invariance breaking induced by hidden vacuum spin currents. We implement formally this approach deducing a generalization of C.H.S.H. inequalities which asymptotically converges to the standard one and which might be competitive with standard quantum mechanics predictions. We suggest to test this inequalities conceiving new E.P.R.-Bell like tests with time dependent detector efficiency and photon flux. Finally, we suggest to apply these generalized inequalities to the correlation functions of entangled classical spinning waves realized recently with metamaterials.

The Optimality Conditions for Multiobjective Semi-infinite Programming Involving Generalized Unified （C, α, p, d）-convexity

The definition of generalized unified (C, α, ρ, d)-convex function is given. The concepts of generalized unified (C, α, ρ, d)-quasiconvexity, generalized unified (C, α, ρ, d)-pseudoconvexity and generalized unified (C, α, ρ, d)-strictly pseudoconvex functions are presented. The sufficient optimality conditions for multiobjective nonsmooth semi-infinite programming are obtained involving these generalized convexity lastly.

Optimality for Henig Proper Efficiency in Vector Optimization Involving Dini Set-Valued Directional Derivatives

This note studies the optimality conditions of vector optimization problems involving generalized convexity in locally convex spaces. Based upon the concept of Dini set-valued directional derivatives, the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are established for Henig proper and strong minimal solutions respectively in generalized preinvex vector optimization problems.

THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR AND ITS BOUND

It was suggested by Pantanen that the mean squared error may be used to measure the inefficiency of the least squares estimator. Styan[2] and Rao[3] et al. discussed this inefficiency and it's bound later. In this paper we propose a new inefficiency of the least squares estimator with the measure of generalized variance and obtain its bound.

Sieve MLE for Generalized Partial Linear Models with Type Ⅱ Interval-censored Data

This article concerded with a semiparametric generalized partial linear model （GPLM） with the type Ⅱ censored data. A sieve maximum likelihood estimator （MLE） is proposed to estimate the parameter component, allowing exploration of the nonlinear relationship between a certain covariate and the response function. Asymptotic properties of the proposed sieve MLEs are discussed. Under some mild conditions, the estimators are shown to be strongly consistent. Moreover, the estimators of the unknown parameters are asymptotically normal and efficient, and the estimator of the nonparametric function has an optimal convergence rate.

Nondifferentiable Multiobjective Programming under Generalized d_I-G-Type I Invexity

To relax convexity assumptions imposed on the functions in theorems on sufficient conditions and duality,new concepts of generalized dI-G-type Ⅰ invexity were introduced for nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problems.Based upon these generalized invexity,G-Fritz-John （G-F-J） and G-Karnsh-Kuhn-Tucker （G-K-K-T） types sufficient optimality conditions were established for a feasible solution to be an efficient solution.Moreover,weak and strict duality results were derived for a G-Mond-Weir type dual under various types of generalized dI-G-type Ⅰ invexity assumptions.

The Relative Efficiency of the Conditional Root Square Estimation of Parameter in Inhomogeneous Equality Restricted Linear Model

This paper made a discuss on the relative efficiency of the generalized conditional root square estimation and the specific conditional root square estimation in paper [1,2] in inhomogeneous equality restricted linear model. It is shown that the generalized conditional root squares estimation has not smaller the relative efficiency than the specific conditional root square estimation, by a constraint condition in root squares parameter, we compare bounds of them, thus, choose appropriate squares parameter, the generalized conditional root square estimation has the good performance on mean squares error.

An Energy Efficiency Assessment Method for Distribution Network Containing DG

Energy efficiency assessment of distribution network containing distributed generation is one of the core contents of power grid construction. Aiming at the lack of a quantitative evaluation method for energy efficiency of distribution network containing distributed generation, a novel energy efficiency assessment method based on the super-efficiency model is proposed. Starting from the basic elements and operational requirements of the distribution network containing distributed generation, the energy efficiency assessment metric set is constructed. On this basis, the concept of generalized energy efficiency function is defined, and the super-efficiency model is used to assess the energy efficiency of the distribution network containing distributed generation. Finally, an example is given to evaluate and analyze energy efficiency. The results confirm the validity of the proposed method.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies Using Smart Grids: Study Case on NIPE Building at UNICAMP Campus

In its broadest interpretation, the smart grid vision sees the future of power industry transformed by the introduction of intelligent two-way communications, ubiquitous metering and measurement. This enables much finer control of energy flows and the integration and efficient use of renewable forms of energy, energy efficiency methodologies and technologies, as well as many other advanced technologies, techniques and processes that wouldn’t have been practicable until present. The smart grid vision also enables the creation of more reliable, more robust and more secure power supply infrastructure, and helps optimize the enormous investments required to build and operate the physical infrastructure required. The smart grid promises to revolutionize the electric power business that has been in place for the past 75 years. This work discusses the efficiency, targeted at the consumer units of electricity, with a view to sustainability and potential for technological innovation. The issue is addressed from two perspectives: the systems for generation and power distribution, and the design of a building “smart energy”. Because of the novelty of the subject in our country, the concepts presented and treated throughout this work come from material obtained at events and specialized sites on electric power system in Brazil and worldwide, being accompanied by information and data from NIPE’s building at University of Campinas’s campus case study in which it exemplifies the applicability of the techniques and recommended technologies.

Improving the intensity and efficiency of compressed echo in rare-earth-ion-doped crystal

We investigate the intensity and efficiency of a compressed echo, which is important in arbitrary waveform generation（AWG）. A new model of compressed echo is proposed based on the optical Bloch equations, which exposes much more detailed parameters than the conventional model, such as the time delay of the chirp lasers, the nature of the rare-earth-iondoped crystal, etc. According to the novel model of compressed echo, we find that reducing the time delay of the chirp lasers and scanning the lasers around the center frequency of the inhomogeneously broadened spectrum, while utilizing a crystal with larger coherence time and excitation lifetime can improve the compressed echo＇s intensity and efficiency. The theoretical analysis is validated by numerical simulations.

Optimisation of Direct Expansion (DX) Cooling Coils Aiming to Building Energy Efficiency

Efficient Air Conditioning (A/C) system is the key to reducing energy consumption in building operation. In order to decrease the energy consumption in an A/C system, a method to calculate the optimal tube row number of a direct expansion (DX) cooling coil for minimizing the entropy generation in the DX cooling which functioned as evaporator in the A/C system was developed. The optimal tube row numbers were determined based on the entropy generation minimization (EGM) approach. Parametric studies were conducted to demonstrate the application of the analytical calculation method. Optimal tube row number for different air mass flow rates, inlet air temperatures and sensible cooling loads were investigated. It was found that the optimal tube row number of a DX cooling coil was in the range of 5 - 9 under normal operating conditions. The optimal tube row number was less when the mass flow rate and inlet air temperature were increased. The tube row number increased when the sensible cooling load was increased. The exergy loss when using a non-optimal and optimal tube row numbers was compared to show the advantage of using the optimal tube row number. The decrease of exery loss ranged from around 24% to 70%. Therefore the new analytical method developed in this paper offers a good practice guide for the design of DX cooling coils for energy conservation.

Economic and Land Use Impacts of Improving Water Use Efficiency in Irrigation in South Asia

This paper modifies and uses an advanced computable general equilibrium model coupled with biophysical data on land and water resources by Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) at the river basin level to examine the economy-wide consequences of im-provements in water use efficiency (WUE) in irrigation in South Asia. This is the first time the benefits of such improvements have been evaluated in an economy-wide context. It shows that such improvements increase production of food items, enhance food exports, and significantly improve food security in South Asia. Improvement in water use efficiency also leads to lower food prices, provides the opportunity to extend irrigated areas, decreases demand for cropland, and enhances reforestation. Im-provement in water use efficiency in irrigation also generates important net GDP gains across the South Asia region. Investments in improved WUE of up to 40% can be economically justified in Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. However, in Nepal, for an improvement of more than 20% in WUE, the economic gains are smaller than costs from the associated investments. In Pakistan and rest of South Asia, an improvement in WUE of up to 30% appears to be economically profitable.

市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率——基于产业结构优化的中介作用和财政分权的调节作用

市场激励型环境规制是解决环境治理负外部性、推进区域绿色创新效率的重要途径。以2005~2020年省级面板数据为研究对象,采用系统广义矩模型(GMM)法检验市场激励型环境规制对区域绿色创新效率的影响效应及作用机理。结果表明:市场激励型环境规制能够显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升;从影响机制来看,市场激励型环境规制可以通过促进产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化显著促进区域绿色创新效率的提升。此外,有效的财政分权环境能够正向调节市场激励型环境规制与区域绿色创新效率的关系。