The elementary task is to calculate the growth rates of disturbances when the e;method in transition prediction is performed. However, there is no unified knowledge to determine the growth rates of disturbances in thr...The elementary task is to calculate the growth rates of disturbances when the e;method in transition prediction is performed. However, there is no unified knowledge to determine the growth rates of disturbances in three-dimensional（3 D） flows. In this paper, we study the relation among the wave parameters of the disturbance in boundary layers in which the imaginary parts of wave parameters are far smaller than the real parts.The generalized growth rate（GGR） in the direction of group velocity is introduced, and the conservation relation of GGR is strictly deduced in theory. This conservation relation manifests that the GGR only depends on the real parts of wave parameters instead of the imaginary parts. Numerical validations for GGR conservation are also provided in the cases of first/second modes and crossflow modes. The application of GGR to the eN method in 3 D flows is discussed, and the puzzle of determining growth rates in 3 D flows is clarified. A convenient method is also proposed to calculate growth rates of disturbances in 3 D flows. Good agreement between this convenient method and existing methods is found except the condition that the angle between the group velocity direction and the x-direction is close to 90?which can be easily avoided in practical application.展开更多
Crack growth rate curves are the fundamental material property for metal structures under fatigue loading. Although there are many crack growth rate curves available in the literature, few of them showed the capabilit...Crack growth rate curves are the fundamental material property for metal structures under fatigue loading. Although there are many crack growth rate curves available in the literature, few of them showed the capability to explain various special phenomena observed in tests. A modified constitutive relation recently proposed by McEvily and his co-workers showed very promising capability. This modified constitutive relation is further generalized by (1) introducing an unstable fracture condition; (2) defining a virtual strength to replace the yield stress; and (3) defining an overload and underload parameter. The performances of this general constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth is extensively studied and it is found that this general constitutive relation is able to explain various phenomena observed with particular strong capability on load sequence effect.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11672351 and11332007)the National Key R&D Plan(No.2016YFA0401200)the FengLei Youth Innovation Fund of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(No.KT-FLJJ-201803)
文摘The elementary task is to calculate the growth rates of disturbances when the e;method in transition prediction is performed. However, there is no unified knowledge to determine the growth rates of disturbances in three-dimensional（3 D） flows. In this paper, we study the relation among the wave parameters of the disturbance in boundary layers in which the imaginary parts of wave parameters are far smaller than the real parts.The generalized growth rate（GGR） in the direction of group velocity is introduced, and the conservation relation of GGR is strictly deduced in theory. This conservation relation manifests that the GGR only depends on the real parts of wave parameters instead of the imaginary parts. Numerical validations for GGR conservation are also provided in the cases of first/second modes and crossflow modes. The application of GGR to the eN method in 3 D flows is discussed, and the puzzle of determining growth rates in 3 D flows is clarified. A convenient method is also proposed to calculate growth rates of disturbances in 3 D flows. Good agreement between this convenient method and existing methods is found except the condition that the angle between the group velocity direction and the x-direction is close to 90?which can be easily avoided in practical application.
文摘Crack growth rate curves are the fundamental material property for metal structures under fatigue loading. Although there are many crack growth rate curves available in the literature, few of them showed the capability to explain various special phenomena observed in tests. A modified constitutive relation recently proposed by McEvily and his co-workers showed very promising capability. This modified constitutive relation is further generalized by (1) introducing an unstable fracture condition; (2) defining a virtual strength to replace the yield stress; and (3) defining an overload and underload parameter. The performances of this general constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth is extensively studied and it is found that this general constitutive relation is able to explain various phenomena observed with particular strong capability on load sequence effect.
