This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID ...This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.展开更多
As the scale of the networks continually expands,the detection of distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks has become increasingly vital.We propose an intelligent detection model named IGED by using improved general...As the scale of the networks continually expands,the detection of distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks has become increasingly vital.We propose an intelligent detection model named IGED by using improved generalized entropy and deep neural network(DNN).The initial detection is based on improved generalized entropy to filter out as much normal traffic as possible,thereby reducing data volume.Then the fine detection is based on DNN to perform precise DDoS detection on the filtered suspicious traffic,enhancing the neural network’s generalization capabilities.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently distinguish normal traffic from DDoS traffic.Compared with the benchmark methods,our method reaches 99.9%on low-rate DDoS(LDDoS),flooded DDoS and CICDDoS2019 datasets in terms of both accuracy and efficiency in identifying attack flows while reducing the time by 17%,31%and 8%.展开更多
In this paper, we study the second-order nonlinear differential systems of Liénard-type x˙=1a(x)[ h(y)−F(x) ], y˙=−a(x)g(x). Necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that all nontrivial solutions are oscil...In this paper, we study the second-order nonlinear differential systems of Liénard-type x˙=1a(x)[ h(y)−F(x) ], y˙=−a(x)g(x). Necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that all nontrivial solutions are oscillatory are established by using a new nonlinear integral inequality. Our results substantially extend and improve previous results known in the literature.展开更多
Architectural singularity belongs to the Type II singularity,in which a parallel manipulator(PM)gains one or more degrees of freedom and becomes uncontrollable.PMs remaining permanently in a singularity are beneficial...Architectural singularity belongs to the Type II singularity,in which a parallel manipulator(PM)gains one or more degrees of freedom and becomes uncontrollable.PMs remaining permanently in a singularity are beneficial for linearto-rotary motion conversion.Griffis-Duffy(GD)platform is a mobile structure admitting a Bricard motion.In this paper,we present a coordinate-free approach to the design of generalized GD platforms,which consists in determining the shape and attachment of both the moving platform and the fixed base.The generalized GD platform is treated as a combination of six coaxial single-loop mechanisms under the same constraints.Owing to the inversion,hidden in the geometric structure of these single-loop mechanisms,the mapping from a line to a circle establishes the geometric transformation between the fixed base and the moving platform based on the center of inversion,and describes the shape and attachment of the generalized GD platform.Moreover,the center of inversion not only identifies the location of rotation axis,but also affects the shape of the platform mechanism.A graphical construction of generalized GD platforms using inversion,proposed in the paper,provides geometrically feasible solutions of the manipulator design for the requirement of the location of rotation axis.展开更多
In a“low-carbon”context,the power load is affected by the coupling of multiple factors,which gradually evolves from the traditional“pure load”to the generalized load with the dual characteristics of“load+power su...In a“low-carbon”context,the power load is affected by the coupling of multiple factors,which gradually evolves from the traditional“pure load”to the generalized load with the dual characteristics of“load+power supply.”Traditional time-series forecasting methods are no longer suitable owing to the complexity and uncertainty associated with generalized loads.From the perspective of image processing,this study proposes a graphical short-term prediction method for generalized loads based on modal decomposition.First,the datasets are normalized and feature-filtered by comparing the results of Xtreme gradient boosting,gradient boosted decision tree,and random forest algorithms.Subsequently,the generalized load data are decomposed into three sets of modalities by modal decomposition,and red,green,and blue(RGB)images are generated using them as the pixel values of the R,G,and B channels.The generated images are diversified,and an optimized DenseNet neural network was used for training and prediction.Finally,the base load,wind power,and photovoltaic power generation data are selected,and the characteristic curves of the generalized load scenarios under different permeabilities of wind power and photovoltaic power generation are obtained using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm.Based on the proposed graphical forecasting method,the feasibility of the generalized load graphical forecasting method is verified by comparing it with the traditional time-series forecasting method.展开更多
A novel inverted generalized gamma(IGG)distribution,proposed for data modelling with an upside-down bathtub hazard rate,is considered.In many real-world practical situations,when a researcher wants to conduct a compar...A novel inverted generalized gamma(IGG)distribution,proposed for data modelling with an upside-down bathtub hazard rate,is considered.In many real-world practical situations,when a researcher wants to conduct a comparative study of the life testing of items based on cost and duration of testing,censoring strategies are frequently used.From this point of view,in the presence of censored data compiled from the most well-known progressively Type-Ⅱ censoring technique,this study examines different parameters of the IGG distribution.From a classical point of view,the likelihood and product of spacing estimation methods are considered.Observed Fisher information and the deltamethod are used to obtain the approximate confidence intervals for any unknown parametric function of the suggestedmodel.In the Bayesian paradigm,the same traditional inferential approaches are used to estimate all unknown subjects.Markov-Chain with Monte-Carlo steps are considered to approximate all Bayes’findings.Extensive numerical comparisons are presented to examine the performance of the proposed methodologies using various criteria of accuracy.Further,using several optimality criteria,the optimumprogressive censoring design is suggested.To highlight how the proposed estimators can be used in practice and to verify the flexibility of the proposed model,we analyze the failure times of twenty mechanical components of a diesel engine.展开更多
The phase equilibrium and mechanical behaviors of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment are essential for gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs.In heating closed systems,the temperature-pressure path of hydrate-bearing ...The phase equilibrium and mechanical behaviors of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment are essential for gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs.In heating closed systems,the temperature-pressure path of hydrate-bearing sediment deviates from that of pure bulk hydrate,reflecting the porous media effect in phase equilibrium.A generalized phase equilibrium equation was established for hydrate-bearing sediments,which indicates that both capillary and osmotic pressures cause the phase equilibrium curve to shift leftward on the temperature-pressure plane.In contrast to bulk hydrate,hydrate-bearing sediment always contains a certain amount of unhydrated water,which keeps phase equilibrium with the hydrate within the hydrate stability field.With changes in temperature and pressure,a portion of pore hydrate and unhydrated water may transform into each other,affecting the shear strength of hydrate-bearing sediment.A shear strength model is proposed to consider not only hydrate saturation but also the change in temperature and pressure of hydrate-bearing sediment.The model is validated by experimental data with various hydrate saturation,temperature and pressure conditions.The deformation induced by partial dissociation was studied through depressurization tests under constant effective stress.The reduction in gas pressure within the hydrate stability field indeed caused sediment deformation.The dissociation-induced deformation can be reasonably estimated as the difference in volume between hydrate-bearing and hydrate-free sediments from the compression curves.展开更多
In this study,we propose an efficient numerical framework to attain the solution of the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov(EFK)problem.The temporal derivative in the EFK equation is approximated by utilizing the Crank-Nicolso...In this study,we propose an efficient numerical framework to attain the solution of the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov(EFK)problem.The temporal derivative in the EFK equation is approximated by utilizing the Crank-Nicolson scheme.Following temporal discretization,the generalized finite difference method(GFDM)with supplementary nodes is utilized to address the nonlinear boundary value problems at each time node.These supplementary nodes are distributed along the boundary to match the number of boundary nodes.By incorporating supplementary nodes,the resulting nonlinear algebraic equations can effectively satisfy the governing equation and boundary conditions of the EFK equation.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we present three numerical examples showcasing its performance in solving this nonlinear problem.展开更多
The occurrence of geological hazards and the instability of geotechnical engineering structures are closely related to the time-dependent behavior of rock.However,the idealization boundary condition for constant stres...The occurrence of geological hazards and the instability of geotechnical engineering structures are closely related to the time-dependent behavior of rock.However,the idealization boundary condition for constant stress in creep or constant strain in relaxation is not usually attained in natural geological systems.Therefore,generalized relaxation tests that explore the simultaneous changes of stress and strain with time under different stress levels with constant pore-water pressure are conducted in this study.The results show that in area Ⅰ,area Ⅱ,and area Ⅲ,the stress and strain both change synchronously with time and show similar evolutionary laws as the strain-time curve for creep or the stress-time curve for relaxation.When the applied stress level surpasses the δ_(ci) or δ_(cd) threshold,the variations in stress and strain and their respective rates of change exhibit a significant increase.The radial deformation and its rate of change exhibit greater sensitivity in response to stress levels.The apparent strain deforms homogeneously at the primary stage,and subsequently,gradually localizes due to the microcrack development at the secondary stage.Ultimately,interconnection of the microcracks causes the formation of a shear-localization zone at the tertiary stage.The strain-time responses inside and outside the localization zone are characterized by local strain accumulation and inelastic unloading during the secondary and tertiary stages,respectively.The width of the shear-localization zone is found to range from 4.43 mm to 7.08 mm and increased with a longer time-to-failure.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)reveals a dominant coalescence of intergranular cracks on the fracture surface,and the degree of physiochemical deterioration caused by water-rock interaction is more severe under a longer lifetime.The brittle sandstone’s time-dependent deformation is essentially controlled by microcrack development during generalized relaxation,and its expectancy-life is determined by its initial microstructural state and the rheological path.展开更多
Zero-shot learning enables the recognition of new class samples by migrating models learned from semanticfeatures and existing sample features to things that have never been seen before. The problems of consistencyof ...Zero-shot learning enables the recognition of new class samples by migrating models learned from semanticfeatures and existing sample features to things that have never been seen before. The problems of consistencyof different types of features and domain shift problems are two of the critical issues in zero-shot learning. Toaddress both of these issues, this paper proposes a new modeling structure. The traditional approach mappedsemantic features and visual features into the same feature space;based on this, a dual discriminator approachis used in the proposed model. This dual discriminator approach can further enhance the consistency betweensemantic and visual features. At the same time, this approach can also align unseen class semantic features andtraining set samples, providing a portion of information about the unseen classes. In addition, a new feature fusionmethod is proposed in the model. This method is equivalent to adding perturbation to the seen class features,which can reduce the degree to which the classification results in the model are biased towards the seen classes.At the same time, this feature fusion method can provide part of the information of the unseen classes, improvingits classification accuracy in generalized zero-shot learning and reducing domain bias. The proposed method isvalidated and compared with othermethods on four datasets, and fromthe experimental results, it can be seen thatthe method proposed in this paper achieves promising results.展开更多
The breakdown of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle occurs when energies approach the Planck scale, and the corresponding Schwarzschild radius becomes similar to the Compton wavelength. Both of these quantities are ...The breakdown of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle occurs when energies approach the Planck scale, and the corresponding Schwarzschild radius becomes similar to the Compton wavelength. Both of these quantities are approximately equal to the Planck length. In this context, we have introduced a model that utilizes a combination of Schwarzschild’s radius and Compton length to quantify the gravitational length of an object. This model has provided a novel perspective in generalizing the uncertainty principle. Furthermore, it has elucidated the significance of the deforming linear parameter β and its range of variation from unity to its maximum value.展开更多
A new one-parameter Chris-Jerry distribution,created by mixing exponential and gamma distributions,is discussed in this article in the presence of incomplete lifetime data.We examine a novel generalized progressively ...A new one-parameter Chris-Jerry distribution,created by mixing exponential and gamma distributions,is discussed in this article in the presence of incomplete lifetime data.We examine a novel generalized progressively hybrid censoring technique that ensures the experiment ends at a predefined period when the model of the test participants has a Chris-Jerry(CJ)distribution.When the indicated censored data is present,Bayes and likelihood estimations are used to explore the CJ parameter and reliability indices,including the hazard rate and reliability functions.We acquire the estimated asymptotic and credible confidence intervals of each unknown quantity.Additionally,via the squared-error loss,the Bayes’estimators are obtained using gamma prior.The Bayes estimators cannot be expressed theoretically since the likelihood density is created in a complex manner;nonetheless,Markov-chain Monte Carlo techniques can be used to evaluate them.The effectiveness of the investigated estimations is assessed,and some recommendations are given using Monte Carlo results.Ultimately,an analysis of two engineering applications,such as mechanical equipment and ball bearing data sets,shows the applicability of the proposed approaches that may be used in real-world settings.展开更多
Deep learning is capable of greatly promoting the progress of super-resolution imaging technology in terms of imaging and reconstruction speed,imaging resolution,and imagingflux.This paper proposes a deep neural netwo...Deep learning is capable of greatly promoting the progress of super-resolution imaging technology in terms of imaging and reconstruction speed,imaging resolution,and imagingflux.This paper proposes a deep neural network based on a generative adversarial network(GAN).The generator employs a U-Net-based network,which integrates Dense Net for the downsampling component.The proposed method has excellent properties,for example,the network model is trained with several different datasets of biological structures;the trained model can improve the imaging resolution of different microscopy imaging modalities such as confocal imaging and wide-field imaging;and the model demonstrates a generalized ability to improve the resolution of different biological structures even out of the datasets.In addition,experimental results showed that the method improved the resolution of caveolin-coated pits(CCPs)structures from 264 nm to 138 nm,a 1.91-fold increase,and nearly doubled the resolution of DNA molecules imaged while being transported through microfluidic channels.展开更多
When seismic waves propagate through the geological formation,there is a significant loss of energy and a decrease in imaging resolution,because of the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium.This profoundly imp...When seismic waves propagate through the geological formation,there is a significant loss of energy and a decrease in imaging resolution,because of the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium.This profoundly impacts seismic wavefield propagation,imaging and interpretation.To accurately image the true structure of subsurface medium,the consensus among geophysicists is to no longer treat subsurface medium as ideal homogeneous medium,but rather to incorporate the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium.Based on the generalized screen propagator using conventional acoustic wave equation(acoustic GSP),our developed method introduces viscoacoustic compensation strategy,and derives a one-way wave generalized screen propagator based on time-fractional viscoacoustic wave equation(viscoacoustic GSP).In numerical experiments,we conducted tests on two-dimensional multi-layer model and the Marmousi model.When comparing with the acoustic GSP using the acoustic data,we found that the imaging results of the viscoacoustic GSP using the viscoacoustic data showed a significant attenuation compensation effect,and achieved imaging results for both algorithms were essentially consistent.However,the imaging results of acoustic GSP using viscoacoustic data showed significant attenuation effects,especially for deep subsurface imaging.This indicates that we have proposed an effective method to compensate the attenuated seismic wavefield.Our application on a set of real seismic data demonstrated that the imaging performance of our proposed method in local areas surpassed that of the conventional acoustic GSP.This suggests that our proposed method holds practical value and can more accurately image real subsurface structures while enhancing imaging resolution compared with the conventional acoustic GSP.Finally,with respect to computational efficiency,we gathered statistics on running time to compare our proposed method with conventional Q-RTM,and it is evident that our method exhibits higher computational efficiency.In summary,our proposed viscoacoustic GSP method takes into account the true properties of the medium,still achieves migration results comparable to conventional acoustic GSP.展开更多
Better soil structure promotes extension of plant roots thereby improving plant growth and yield.Differences in soil structure can be determined by changes in the three phases of soil,which in turn affect soil functio...Better soil structure promotes extension of plant roots thereby improving plant growth and yield.Differences in soil structure can be determined by changes in the three phases of soil,which in turn affect soil function and fertility levels.To compare the quality of soil structure under different conditions,we used Generalized Soil Structure Index(GSSI)as an indicator to determine the relationship between the“input”of soil three phases and the“output”of soil structure.To achieve optimum monitoring of comprehensive indicators,we used Successive Projections Algorithm(SPA)for differential processing based on 0.0–2.0 fractional orders and 3.0–10.0 integer orders and select important wavelengths to process soil spectral data.In addition,we also applied multivariate regression learning models including Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN),exploring potential capabilities of hyperspectral in predicting GSSI.The results showed that spectral reflection,mainly contributed by long-wave near-infrared radiation had an inverse relationship with GSSI values.The wavelengths between 404-418 nm and 2193–2400 nm were important GSSI wavelengths in fractional differential spectroscopy data,while those ranging from 543 to 999 nm were important GSSI wavelengths in integer differential spectroscopy data.Also,non-linear models were more accurate than linear models.In addition,wide neural networks were best suited for establishing fractional-order differentiation and second-order differentiation models,while fine Gaussian support vector machines were best suited for establishing first-order differentiation models.In terms of preprocessing,a differential order of 0.9 was found as the best choice.From the results,we propose that when constructing optimal prediction models,it is necessary to consider indicators,differential orders,and model adaptability.Above all,this study provided a new method for an in-depth analyses of generalized soil structure.This also fills the gap limiting the detection of soil three phases structural characteristics and their dynamic changes and provides a technical references for quantitative and rapid evaluation of soil structure,function,and quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have sh...BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.展开更多
This paper develops a generalized scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.The backward Euler method is used for discretizing the temporal derivative of the time-dependent ...This paper develops a generalized scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.The backward Euler method is used for discretizing the temporal derivative of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.In this method,the system is decoupled and linearized to avoid solving the non-linear equation at each step.The theoretical analysis proves that the generalized SAV method can preserve the maximum bound principle and energy stability,and this is confirmed by the numerical result,and also shows that the numerical algorithm is stable.展开更多
A generalized form of the error function, Gp(x)=pΓ(1/p)∫0xe−tpdt, which is directly associated with the gamma function, is evaluated for arbitrary real values of p>1and 0x≤+∞by employing a fast-converging power...A generalized form of the error function, Gp(x)=pΓ(1/p)∫0xe−tpdt, which is directly associated with the gamma function, is evaluated for arbitrary real values of p>1and 0x≤+∞by employing a fast-converging power series expansion developed in resolving the so-called Grandi’s paradox. Comparisons with accurate tabulated values for well-known cases such as the error function are presented using the expansions truncated at various orders.展开更多
This paper studies the non-homogeneous generalized Riemann-Hilbert(RH)problems involving two unknown functions.Using the uniformization theorem,such problems are transformed into the case of homogeneous type.By the th...This paper studies the non-homogeneous generalized Riemann-Hilbert(RH)problems involving two unknown functions.Using the uniformization theorem,such problems are transformed into the case of homogeneous type.By the theory of classical boundary value problems,we adopt a novel method to obtain the sectionally analytic solutions of problems in strip domains,and analyze the conditions of solvability and properties of solutions in various domains.展开更多
The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter operator and k-CF functions are counterparts of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann operator and CR functions on the Heisenberg group in the theory of several complex variables,respectively.I...The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter operator and k-CF functions are counterparts of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann operator and CR functions on the Heisenberg group in the theory of several complex variables,respectively.In this paper,we introduce a Lie group that the Heisenberg group can be imbedded into and call it generalized complex Heisenberg.We investigate quaternionic analysis on the generalized complex Heisenberg.We also give the Penrose integral formula for k-CF functions and construct the tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter complex.展开更多
基金supported in part by the NSF of China under Grant 62322106,62071131the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2022B1515020086+2 种基金the International Collaborative Research Program of Guangdong Science and Technology Department under Grant 2022A0505050070in part by the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks under Grant ISN22-23the National Research Foundation,Singapore University of Technology Design under its Future Communications Research&Development Programme“Advanced Error Control Coding for 6G URLLC and mMTC”Grant No.FCP-NTU-RG-2022-020.
文摘This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22B2005,62072109)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J01625)the Major Science and Technology Project of Fuzhou(Grant No.2023-ZD-003).
文摘As the scale of the networks continually expands,the detection of distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks has become increasingly vital.We propose an intelligent detection model named IGED by using improved generalized entropy and deep neural network(DNN).The initial detection is based on improved generalized entropy to filter out as much normal traffic as possible,thereby reducing data volume.Then the fine detection is based on DNN to perform precise DDoS detection on the filtered suspicious traffic,enhancing the neural network’s generalization capabilities.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently distinguish normal traffic from DDoS traffic.Compared with the benchmark methods,our method reaches 99.9%on low-rate DDoS(LDDoS),flooded DDoS and CICDDoS2019 datasets in terms of both accuracy and efficiency in identifying attack flows while reducing the time by 17%,31%and 8%.
文摘In this paper, we study the second-order nonlinear differential systems of Liénard-type x˙=1a(x)[ h(y)−F(x) ], y˙=−a(x)g(x). Necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that all nontrivial solutions are oscillatory are established by using a new nonlinear integral inequality. Our results substantially extend and improve previous results known in the literature.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U1813221,52075015)Personnel Startup Project of Zhejiang A&F University Scientific Research Development Foundation of China (Grant No.2024LFR015)。
文摘Architectural singularity belongs to the Type II singularity,in which a parallel manipulator(PM)gains one or more degrees of freedom and becomes uncontrollable.PMs remaining permanently in a singularity are beneficial for linearto-rotary motion conversion.Griffis-Duffy(GD)platform is a mobile structure admitting a Bricard motion.In this paper,we present a coordinate-free approach to the design of generalized GD platforms,which consists in determining the shape and attachment of both the moving platform and the fixed base.The generalized GD platform is treated as a combination of six coaxial single-loop mechanisms under the same constraints.Owing to the inversion,hidden in the geometric structure of these single-loop mechanisms,the mapping from a line to a circle establishes the geometric transformation between the fixed base and the moving platform based on the center of inversion,and describes the shape and attachment of the generalized GD platform.Moreover,the center of inversion not only identifies the location of rotation axis,but also affects the shape of the platform mechanism.A graphical construction of generalized GD platforms using inversion,proposed in the paper,provides geometrically feasible solutions of the manipulator design for the requirement of the location of rotation axis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62063016).
文摘In a“low-carbon”context,the power load is affected by the coupling of multiple factors,which gradually evolves from the traditional“pure load”to the generalized load with the dual characteristics of“load+power supply.”Traditional time-series forecasting methods are no longer suitable owing to the complexity and uncertainty associated with generalized loads.From the perspective of image processing,this study proposes a graphical short-term prediction method for generalized loads based on modal decomposition.First,the datasets are normalized and feature-filtered by comparing the results of Xtreme gradient boosting,gradient boosted decision tree,and random forest algorithms.Subsequently,the generalized load data are decomposed into three sets of modalities by modal decomposition,and red,green,and blue(RGB)images are generated using them as the pixel values of the R,G,and B channels.The generated images are diversified,and an optimized DenseNet neural network was used for training and prediction.Finally,the base load,wind power,and photovoltaic power generation data are selected,and the characteristic curves of the generalized load scenarios under different permeabilities of wind power and photovoltaic power generation are obtained using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm.Based on the proposed graphical forecasting method,the feasibility of the generalized load graphical forecasting method is verified by comparing it with the traditional time-series forecasting method.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research and Libraries,Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,through the Program of Research Project Funding after Publication,Grant No.(RPFAP-34-1445).
文摘A novel inverted generalized gamma(IGG)distribution,proposed for data modelling with an upside-down bathtub hazard rate,is considered.In many real-world practical situations,when a researcher wants to conduct a comparative study of the life testing of items based on cost and duration of testing,censoring strategies are frequently used.From this point of view,in the presence of censored data compiled from the most well-known progressively Type-Ⅱ censoring technique,this study examines different parameters of the IGG distribution.From a classical point of view,the likelihood and product of spacing estimation methods are considered.Observed Fisher information and the deltamethod are used to obtain the approximate confidence intervals for any unknown parametric function of the suggestedmodel.In the Bayesian paradigm,the same traditional inferential approaches are used to estimate all unknown subjects.Markov-Chain with Monte-Carlo steps are considered to approximate all Bayes’findings.Extensive numerical comparisons are presented to examine the performance of the proposed methodologies using various criteria of accuracy.Further,using several optimality criteria,the optimumprogressive censoring design is suggested.To highlight how the proposed estimators can be used in practice and to verify the flexibility of the proposed model,we analyze the failure times of twenty mechanical components of a diesel engine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42171135 and 12262009)the“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(Project No.2022098).
文摘The phase equilibrium and mechanical behaviors of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediment are essential for gas recovery from hydrate reservoirs.In heating closed systems,the temperature-pressure path of hydrate-bearing sediment deviates from that of pure bulk hydrate,reflecting the porous media effect in phase equilibrium.A generalized phase equilibrium equation was established for hydrate-bearing sediments,which indicates that both capillary and osmotic pressures cause the phase equilibrium curve to shift leftward on the temperature-pressure plane.In contrast to bulk hydrate,hydrate-bearing sediment always contains a certain amount of unhydrated water,which keeps phase equilibrium with the hydrate within the hydrate stability field.With changes in temperature and pressure,a portion of pore hydrate and unhydrated water may transform into each other,affecting the shear strength of hydrate-bearing sediment.A shear strength model is proposed to consider not only hydrate saturation but also the change in temperature and pressure of hydrate-bearing sediment.The model is validated by experimental data with various hydrate saturation,temperature and pressure conditions.The deformation induced by partial dissociation was studied through depressurization tests under constant effective stress.The reduction in gas pressure within the hydrate stability field indeed caused sediment deformation.The dissociation-induced deformation can be reasonably estimated as the difference in volume between hydrate-bearing and hydrate-free sediments from the compression curves.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment(Chang’an University,No.300102253502)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(GrantNo.ZR2022YQ06)the Development Plan of Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(Grant No.2022KJ140).
文摘In this study,we propose an efficient numerical framework to attain the solution of the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov(EFK)problem.The temporal derivative in the EFK equation is approximated by utilizing the Crank-Nicolson scheme.Following temporal discretization,the generalized finite difference method(GFDM)with supplementary nodes is utilized to address the nonlinear boundary value problems at each time node.These supplementary nodes are distributed along the boundary to match the number of boundary nodes.By incorporating supplementary nodes,the resulting nonlinear algebraic equations can effectively satisfy the governing equation and boundary conditions of the EFK equation.To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach,we present three numerical examples showcasing its performance in solving this nonlinear problem.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52304099,52172625)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.RCYX20221008092903013).
文摘The occurrence of geological hazards and the instability of geotechnical engineering structures are closely related to the time-dependent behavior of rock.However,the idealization boundary condition for constant stress in creep or constant strain in relaxation is not usually attained in natural geological systems.Therefore,generalized relaxation tests that explore the simultaneous changes of stress and strain with time under different stress levels with constant pore-water pressure are conducted in this study.The results show that in area Ⅰ,area Ⅱ,and area Ⅲ,the stress and strain both change synchronously with time and show similar evolutionary laws as the strain-time curve for creep or the stress-time curve for relaxation.When the applied stress level surpasses the δ_(ci) or δ_(cd) threshold,the variations in stress and strain and their respective rates of change exhibit a significant increase.The radial deformation and its rate of change exhibit greater sensitivity in response to stress levels.The apparent strain deforms homogeneously at the primary stage,and subsequently,gradually localizes due to the microcrack development at the secondary stage.Ultimately,interconnection of the microcracks causes the formation of a shear-localization zone at the tertiary stage.The strain-time responses inside and outside the localization zone are characterized by local strain accumulation and inelastic unloading during the secondary and tertiary stages,respectively.The width of the shear-localization zone is found to range from 4.43 mm to 7.08 mm and increased with a longer time-to-failure.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)reveals a dominant coalescence of intergranular cracks on the fracture surface,and the degree of physiochemical deterioration caused by water-rock interaction is more severe under a longer lifetime.The brittle sandstone’s time-dependent deformation is essentially controlled by microcrack development during generalized relaxation,and its expectancy-life is determined by its initial microstructural state and the rheological path.
文摘Zero-shot learning enables the recognition of new class samples by migrating models learned from semanticfeatures and existing sample features to things that have never been seen before. The problems of consistencyof different types of features and domain shift problems are two of the critical issues in zero-shot learning. Toaddress both of these issues, this paper proposes a new modeling structure. The traditional approach mappedsemantic features and visual features into the same feature space;based on this, a dual discriminator approachis used in the proposed model. This dual discriminator approach can further enhance the consistency betweensemantic and visual features. At the same time, this approach can also align unseen class semantic features andtraining set samples, providing a portion of information about the unseen classes. In addition, a new feature fusionmethod is proposed in the model. This method is equivalent to adding perturbation to the seen class features,which can reduce the degree to which the classification results in the model are biased towards the seen classes.At the same time, this feature fusion method can provide part of the information of the unseen classes, improvingits classification accuracy in generalized zero-shot learning and reducing domain bias. The proposed method isvalidated and compared with othermethods on four datasets, and fromthe experimental results, it can be seen thatthe method proposed in this paper achieves promising results.
文摘The breakdown of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle occurs when energies approach the Planck scale, and the corresponding Schwarzschild radius becomes similar to the Compton wavelength. Both of these quantities are approximately equal to the Planck length. In this context, we have introduced a model that utilizes a combination of Schwarzschild’s radius and Compton length to quantify the gravitational length of an object. This model has provided a novel perspective in generalizing the uncertainty principle. Furthermore, it has elucidated the significance of the deforming linear parameter β and its range of variation from unity to its maximum value.
基金This research was funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number(PNURSP2024R50)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘A new one-parameter Chris-Jerry distribution,created by mixing exponential and gamma distributions,is discussed in this article in the presence of incomplete lifetime data.We examine a novel generalized progressively hybrid censoring technique that ensures the experiment ends at a predefined period when the model of the test participants has a Chris-Jerry(CJ)distribution.When the indicated censored data is present,Bayes and likelihood estimations are used to explore the CJ parameter and reliability indices,including the hazard rate and reliability functions.We acquire the estimated asymptotic and credible confidence intervals of each unknown quantity.Additionally,via the squared-error loss,the Bayes’estimators are obtained using gamma prior.The Bayes estimators cannot be expressed theoretically since the likelihood density is created in a complex manner;nonetheless,Markov-chain Monte Carlo techniques can be used to evaluate them.The effectiveness of the investigated estimations is assessed,and some recommendations are given using Monte Carlo results.Ultimately,an analysis of two engineering applications,such as mechanical equipment and ball bearing data sets,shows the applicability of the proposed approaches that may be used in real-world settings.
基金Subjects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62275216 and 61775181)the Natural Science Basic Research Programme of Shaanxi Province-Major Basic Research Special Project(Nos.S2018-ZC-TD-0061 and TZ0393)the Special Project for the Development of National Key Scientific Instruments and Equipment No.(51927804).
文摘Deep learning is capable of greatly promoting the progress of super-resolution imaging technology in terms of imaging and reconstruction speed,imaging resolution,and imagingflux.This paper proposes a deep neural network based on a generative adversarial network(GAN).The generator employs a U-Net-based network,which integrates Dense Net for the downsampling component.The proposed method has excellent properties,for example,the network model is trained with several different datasets of biological structures;the trained model can improve the imaging resolution of different microscopy imaging modalities such as confocal imaging and wide-field imaging;and the model demonstrates a generalized ability to improve the resolution of different biological structures even out of the datasets.In addition,experimental results showed that the method improved the resolution of caveolin-coated pits(CCPs)structures from 264 nm to 138 nm,a 1.91-fold increase,and nearly doubled the resolution of DNA molecules imaged while being transported through microfluidic channels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos.42004103,42374149)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (grant No.2023NSFSC0257)CNPC Innovation Found (2022DQ02-0306)。
文摘When seismic waves propagate through the geological formation,there is a significant loss of energy and a decrease in imaging resolution,because of the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium.This profoundly impacts seismic wavefield propagation,imaging and interpretation.To accurately image the true structure of subsurface medium,the consensus among geophysicists is to no longer treat subsurface medium as ideal homogeneous medium,but rather to incorporate the viscoacoustic properties of subsurface medium.Based on the generalized screen propagator using conventional acoustic wave equation(acoustic GSP),our developed method introduces viscoacoustic compensation strategy,and derives a one-way wave generalized screen propagator based on time-fractional viscoacoustic wave equation(viscoacoustic GSP).In numerical experiments,we conducted tests on two-dimensional multi-layer model and the Marmousi model.When comparing with the acoustic GSP using the acoustic data,we found that the imaging results of the viscoacoustic GSP using the viscoacoustic data showed a significant attenuation compensation effect,and achieved imaging results for both algorithms were essentially consistent.However,the imaging results of acoustic GSP using viscoacoustic data showed significant attenuation effects,especially for deep subsurface imaging.This indicates that we have proposed an effective method to compensate the attenuated seismic wavefield.Our application on a set of real seismic data demonstrated that the imaging performance of our proposed method in local areas surpassed that of the conventional acoustic GSP.This suggests that our proposed method holds practical value and can more accurately image real subsurface structures while enhancing imaging resolution compared with the conventional acoustic GSP.Finally,with respect to computational efficiency,we gathered statistics on running time to compare our proposed method with conventional Q-RTM,and it is evident that our method exhibits higher computational efficiency.In summary,our proposed viscoacoustic GSP method takes into account the true properties of the medium,still achieves migration results comparable to conventional acoustic GSP.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871571,31371572)the earmarked fund for Shanxi Province Graduate Education Innovation Project(2022Y312)+3 种基金supported by Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(2023CYJSTX02-23)Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University(2018YJ17,2020BQ32)Key Technologies R&D Program of Shanxi Province(201903D211002,201603D3111005)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1710800)。
文摘Better soil structure promotes extension of plant roots thereby improving plant growth and yield.Differences in soil structure can be determined by changes in the three phases of soil,which in turn affect soil function and fertility levels.To compare the quality of soil structure under different conditions,we used Generalized Soil Structure Index(GSSI)as an indicator to determine the relationship between the“input”of soil three phases and the“output”of soil structure.To achieve optimum monitoring of comprehensive indicators,we used Successive Projections Algorithm(SPA)for differential processing based on 0.0–2.0 fractional orders and 3.0–10.0 integer orders and select important wavelengths to process soil spectral data.In addition,we also applied multivariate regression learning models including Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN),exploring potential capabilities of hyperspectral in predicting GSSI.The results showed that spectral reflection,mainly contributed by long-wave near-infrared radiation had an inverse relationship with GSSI values.The wavelengths between 404-418 nm and 2193–2400 nm were important GSSI wavelengths in fractional differential spectroscopy data,while those ranging from 543 to 999 nm were important GSSI wavelengths in integer differential spectroscopy data.Also,non-linear models were more accurate than linear models.In addition,wide neural networks were best suited for establishing fractional-order differentiation and second-order differentiation models,while fine Gaussian support vector machines were best suited for establishing first-order differentiation models.In terms of preprocessing,a differential order of 0.9 was found as the best choice.From the results,we propose that when constructing optimal prediction models,it is necessary to consider indicators,differential orders,and model adaptability.Above all,this study provided a new method for an in-depth analyses of generalized soil structure.This also fills the gap limiting the detection of soil three phases structural characteristics and their dynamic changes and provides a technical references for quantitative and rapid evaluation of soil structure,function,and quality.
基金The 2023 Scientific Research Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20231081The"Spark"Youth Research Project,The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University,No.XH202302.
文摘BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)is a relatively common mental disorder.Recently,inflammation,an important factor for the development of depression,has attracted increasing attention.Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines can affect the pathophysiological processes of several nervous system diseases.We hypothesized that there is a correlation between the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and the clinical symptoms of GAD.AIM To investigate the predictive effect of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines on symptoms of GAD.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 89 patients with GAD diagnosed at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2022 to December 2022 and 70 individuals without anxiety and depression(controls)during the same period were included.Fasting venous blood was collected from all the subjects in heparin tubes,and another 3 ml of blood was supplemented with LPS(10 ng/ml).The plasma levels of 12 cytokines[Interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interferon(IFN)-γ,IL-17A,IL-12p70,and IFN-α]were detected.RESULTS Post-LPS stimulation,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αin both the control and GAD groups were significantly elevated above those in the nonstimulated groups,with IL-6 and IL-8 showing marked increases.Increases in IL-8 and TNF-αwere statistically significant in the GAD group(P<0.05).IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-αwere found to be significantly correlated with Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)scores(P<0.05).A negative correlation was observed between IL-10 levels and HAMA scores.Further analysis revealed that TNF-αwas associated with mental anxiety,whereas IL-1β,IL-8,and IL-10 were associated with physical anxiety symptoms,with IL-10 showing a negative correlation with physical anxiety.IL-6 was associated with both mental and physical aspects of anxiety.CONCLUSION The physical symptoms of GAD are related to inflammatory factors.IL-1β,IL-8,IL-10,and TNF-a can be used as predictors of physical or mental anxiety in patients with GAD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12126318,12126302).
文摘This paper develops a generalized scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.The backward Euler method is used for discretizing the temporal derivative of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.In this method,the system is decoupled and linearized to avoid solving the non-linear equation at each step.The theoretical analysis proves that the generalized SAV method can preserve the maximum bound principle and energy stability,and this is confirmed by the numerical result,and also shows that the numerical algorithm is stable.
文摘A generalized form of the error function, Gp(x)=pΓ(1/p)∫0xe−tpdt, which is directly associated with the gamma function, is evaluated for arbitrary real values of p>1and 0x≤+∞by employing a fast-converging power series expansion developed in resolving the so-called Grandi’s paradox. Comparisons with accurate tabulated values for well-known cases such as the error function are presented using the expansions truncated at various orders.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971015).
文摘This paper studies the non-homogeneous generalized Riemann-Hilbert(RH)problems involving two unknown functions.Using the uniformization theorem,such problems are transformed into the case of homogeneous type.By the theory of classical boundary value problems,we adopt a novel method to obtain the sectionally analytic solutions of problems in strip domains,and analyze the conditions of solvability and properties of solutions in various domains.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation in China(12101564,11971425,11801508)Nature Science Foundation of Zhejiang province(LY22A010013)Domestic Visiting Scholar Teacher Professional Development Project(FX2021042)。
文摘The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter operator and k-CF functions are counterparts of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann operator and CR functions on the Heisenberg group in the theory of several complex variables,respectively.In this paper,we introduce a Lie group that the Heisenberg group can be imbedded into and call it generalized complex Heisenberg.We investigate quaternionic analysis on the generalized complex Heisenberg.We also give the Penrose integral formula for k-CF functions and construct the tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter complex.