An increasing demand for energy and depleting petroleum sources has elevated the need for producing alternative renewable resources.Owing to the prominence of lignocellulosic biomass as bio-renewable and the most abun...An increasing demand for energy and depleting petroleum sources has elevated the need for producing alternative renewable resources.Owing to the prominence of lignocellulosic biomass as bio-renewable and the most abundant resource on Earth,this critical review provides perceptions into the potential of lignocellulosic biomass for production of second generation(2G)ethanol and value added products in a biorefinery manner.The efficient utilization of all three components of lignocellulosic biomass(i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin)would play a significant role in the economic viability of cellulosic ethanol.The pretreatment method is the key to the success of bioconversion processes and greatly influences the economics of biorefinery process.Biotechnology tools and process engineering play pivotal roles in development of integrated processes for production of biofuels,biochemicals and biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass.Although,lignocellulosic biorefinery has ample scopes,commercial production of biofuels and chemicals is still challenging.In this context,this review entails concept of lignocellulose biorefinery,latest developments in 2G ethanol production process,importance and market potential of 2G ethanol as renewable fuel and value added chemicals,integration of processes,challenges for integrated production of fuel together with value added chemicals and future directions.展开更多
With the increased promotion of integrated energy power systems(IEPS),renewable energy and energy storage systems(ESS)play a more important role.However,the fluctuation and intermittent nature of wind not only results...With the increased promotion of integrated energy power systems(IEPS),renewable energy and energy storage systems(ESS)play a more important role.However,the fluctuation and intermittent nature of wind not only results in substantial reliability and stability defects,but it also weakens the competitiveness of wind generation in the electric power market.Meanwhile,the way to further enhance the system reliability effectively improving market profits of wind farms is one of the most important aspects of Wind-ESS joint operational design.In this paper,a market-oriented optimized dispatching strategy for a wind farm with a multiple stage hybrid ESS is proposed.The first stage ESS is designed to improve the profits of wind generation through day-ahead market operations,the real-time marketbased second stage ESS is focused on day-ahead forecasting error elimination and wind power fluctuation smoothing,while the backup stage ESS is associated with them to provide the ancillary service.An interval forecasting method is adopted to help to ensure reliable forecast results of day-ahead wind power,electricity prices and loads.With this hybrid ESS design,supply reliability and market profits are simultaneously achieved for wind farms.展开更多
文摘An increasing demand for energy and depleting petroleum sources has elevated the need for producing alternative renewable resources.Owing to the prominence of lignocellulosic biomass as bio-renewable and the most abundant resource on Earth,this critical review provides perceptions into the potential of lignocellulosic biomass for production of second generation(2G)ethanol and value added products in a biorefinery manner.The efficient utilization of all three components of lignocellulosic biomass(i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin)would play a significant role in the economic viability of cellulosic ethanol.The pretreatment method is the key to the success of bioconversion processes and greatly influences the economics of biorefinery process.Biotechnology tools and process engineering play pivotal roles in development of integrated processes for production of biofuels,biochemicals and biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass.Although,lignocellulosic biorefinery has ample scopes,commercial production of biofuels and chemicals is still challenging.In this context,this review entails concept of lignocellulose biorefinery,latest developments in 2G ethanol production process,importance and market potential of 2G ethanol as renewable fuel and value added chemicals,integration of processes,challenges for integrated production of fuel together with value added chemicals and future directions.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51607025).
文摘With the increased promotion of integrated energy power systems(IEPS),renewable energy and energy storage systems(ESS)play a more important role.However,the fluctuation and intermittent nature of wind not only results in substantial reliability and stability defects,but it also weakens the competitiveness of wind generation in the electric power market.Meanwhile,the way to further enhance the system reliability effectively improving market profits of wind farms is one of the most important aspects of Wind-ESS joint operational design.In this paper,a market-oriented optimized dispatching strategy for a wind farm with a multiple stage hybrid ESS is proposed.The first stage ESS is designed to improve the profits of wind generation through day-ahead market operations,the real-time marketbased second stage ESS is focused on day-ahead forecasting error elimination and wind power fluctuation smoothing,while the backup stage ESS is associated with them to provide the ancillary service.An interval forecasting method is adopted to help to ensure reliable forecast results of day-ahead wind power,electricity prices and loads.With this hybrid ESS design,supply reliability and market profits are simultaneously achieved for wind farms.
