Investigating Load Regulation Characteristics of a Wind-PV-Coal Storage Multi-Power Generation System

There is a growing need to explore the potential of coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)to enhance the utilization rate of wind power(wind)and photovoltaic power(PV)in the green energy field.This study developed a load regulation model for a multi-power generation system comprising wind,PV,and coal energy storage using realworld data.The power supply process was divided into eight fundamental load regulation scenarios,elucidating the influence of each scenario on load regulation.Within the framework of the multi-power generation system with the wind(50 MW)and PV(50 MW)alongside a CFPP(330 MW),a lithium-iron phosphate energy storage system(LIPBESS)was integrated to improve the system’s load regulation flexibility.The energy storage operation strategy was formulated based on the charging and discharging priority of the LIPBESS for each basic scenario and the charging and discharging load calculation method of LIPBESS auxiliary regulation.Through optimization using the particle swarm algorithm,the optimal capacity of LIPBESS was determined to be within the 5.24-4.88 MWh range.From an economic perspective,the LIPBESS operating with CFPP as the regulating power source was 49.1% lower in capacity compared to the renewable energy-based storage mode.

Enhanced entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics of magnetic nano-encapsulated phase change materials in latent heat thermal energy storage systems

The objective of the current study is to investigate the importance of entropy generation and thermal radiation on the patterns of velocity,isentropic lines,and temperature contours within a thermal energy storage device filled with magnetic nanoencapsulated phase change materials(NEPCMs).The versatile finite element method(FEM)is implemented to numerically solve the governing equations.The effects of various parameters,including the viscosity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the thermal conductivity parameter,ranging from 1 to 3,the Rayleigh parameter,ranging from 102 to 3×10^(2),the radiation number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,the fusion temperature,ranging from 1.0 to 1.2,the volume fraction of NEPCMs,ranging from 2%to 6%,the Stefan number,ranging from 1 to 5,the magnetic number,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,and the irreversibility parameter,ranging from 0.1 to 0.5,are examined in detail on the temperature contours,isentropic lines,heat capacity ratio,and velocity fields.Furthermore,the heat transfer rates at both the cold and hot walls are analyzed,and the findings are presented graphically.The results indicate that the time taken by the NEPCMs to transition from solid to liquid is prolonged inside the chamber region as the fusion temperatureθf increases.Additionally,the contours of the heat capacity ratio Cr decrease with the increase in the Stefan number Ste.

The Impact of Solid Waste Generation, Storage and Separation Practices among Households on the Environment in Freetown

As urbanization and population growth continue to increase in Freetown, due to changes in economic, social, environmental, political, and demographic factors, the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation also continues to increase, making its management difficult for the municipal authority. Efficient separation and storage of solid waste at the source of generation can boost resource and energy recovery from MSW. This study examines the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) process, focusing on generation, storage and separation practices among households and their impact on the environment in Freetown. It emphasizes the inclusion of MSWM programs in primary schools to raise public awareness, the implementation of effective waste management practices, and the enforcement of related policies to enhance the MSWM sector, contributing to sustainable MSWM in Freetown. By utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, 393 structured questionnaires were administered across three selected sections to collect data on household solid waste storage and separation practices. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel. The findings show that with a population of 1.53 million people in Freetown, the per capita solid waste generation is 0.58 kg per day. The findings also show that 97% of the households have storage facilities as a result of the increase in awareness and education about the proper storage of solid waste. However, 96% of respondents do not practice separation of solid waste at the source of generation, which has become a concern among researchers in Sierra Leone. Additionally, 88% of respondents are unaware of ISWM principles, with only 12% aware, most of whom have received some education on proper solid waste management. The study recommends improving MSWM in Freetown to protect public health and the environment.

基于开源RAG架构的校企专利技术合作问答应用研究

构建系统准确的专利技术合作信息挖掘方法,可以降低技术交流信息壁垒并助力校企开展技术对接工作,促进科技成果转化。通过明确校企技术合作场景下各方信息需求,基于开源检索增强生成(retrieval-augmented generation,RAG)问答架构FastGPT集成的大模型文本表征、知识库检索和文本生成等核心能力,构建适用于校企技术合作信息推荐场景的智能问答系统并开展领域应用实践。应用结果表明:问答系统的多属性QA知识库和联网查询充分整合了技术合作咨询场景所需的多源知识,通过知识库检索可将个性化咨询问题与对应知识信息进行精准关联匹配,而经提示语引导生成的回答内容能够对齐咨询意图,可将检索召回的知识文本准确加工为符合情景需求的回答形式,整体问答流程简明且易于操作。

基于LangChain的RAG问答系统设计与实现——以C语言课程问答系统为例

生成式人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)问答系统虽然多数情况下能为用户提供比较满意的答案,但是这些问题的答案通常是基于已有的知识库训练而生成的。当涉及新的知识或者某个特定领域的问题时,生成式AI问答系统经常会生成一些错误的答案。为了克服生成式AI问答系统这种弊端,文章采用了检索增强生成(Retrieval Augmented Generation,RAG)技术,基于LangChain框架和ChatGLM大语言模型构建了C语言课程问答系统,具有较高的推广应用价值。

基于cytb和rag2基因探讨叶须鱼属分子系统进化关系

【目的】探究叶须鱼属的分子系统进化关系,筛选种间鉴定分子标记。【方法】构建叶须鱼属的cytb(5个种)和rag2(修长叶须鱼和裸腹叶须鱼)基因序列的NJ及贝叶斯系统进化树,并结合核苷酸多态位点、单倍型、核酸多态性、遗传距离、遗传分化系数和基因流等,分析种间进化关系和种内遗传多样性。【结果】叶须鱼属每个种的cytb序列单独聚为一支,表明cytb基因序列能将叶须鱼属5个种区分开;种间高度遗传分化(F_(st)>0.25),物种之间基因流较弱(Nm<1);修长叶须鱼遗传多样性水平最高,锥吻叶须鱼遗传多样性水平最低。基于rag2基因序列的分子系统发育进化树显示,修长叶须鱼和裸腹叶须鱼均单独聚为一支,为独立的种。【结论】cytb和rag2可作为叶须鱼属种间鉴定的分子标记基因,这为叶须鱼属物种的鉴定和系统分类奠定了基础,也为叶须鱼属鱼类保护措施的制定提供了遗传学依据。

Optimal Scheduling Method of Cogeneration System with Heat Storage Device Based on Memetic Algorithm

Electric-heat coupling characteristics of a cogeneration system and the operating mode of fixing electricity with heat are the main reasons for wind abandonment during the heating season in the Three North area.To improve the wind-power absorption capacity and operating economy of the system,the structure of the system is improved by adding a heat storage device and an electric boiler.First,aiming at the minimum operating cost of the system,the optimal scheduling model of the cogeneration system,including a heat storage device and electric boiler,is constructed.Second,according to the characteristics of the problem,a cultural gene algorithm program is compiled to simulate the calculation example.Finally,through the system improvement,the comparison between the conditions before and after and the simulation solutions of similar algorithms prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.The simulation results show that adding the heat storage device and electric boiler to the scheduling optimization process not only improves the wind power consumption capacity of the cogeneration system but also reduces the operating cost of the system by significantly reducing the coal consumption of the unit and improving the economy of the system operation.The cultural gene algorithm framework has both the global evolution process of the population and the local search for the characteristics of the problem,which has a better optimization effect on the solution.

基于LLM和RAG的中邮网院智能客服系统研究

中邮网院客服为百万邮政员工提供培训、学习、考试等全方位服务支持的同时,存在着在学习高峰期回复不及时、全天候接待能力不足等问题。为解决这些问题,文章设计并实现了基于大语言模型、LangChain框架、pgVector向量数据库以及表示学习等技术的智能客服系统原型,旨在利用大模型理解用户复杂的自然语言输入,随时随地以更高效、准确的方式回答用户所遇到的问题,在降低中邮网院客服人工成本的同时,提升用户体验感和满意度。经测试验证了基于检索增强生成和大语言模型实现智能客服的可行性,为中邮网院后续进行智能客服系统建设和选型提供了参考。

Efficiency-Driven Custom Chatbot Development: Unleashing LangChain, RAG, and Performance-Optimized LLM Fusion

This exploration acquaints a momentous methodology with custom chatbot improvement that focuses on pro-ficiency close by viability.We accomplish this by joining three key innovations:LangChain,Retrieval Augmented Generation(RAG),and enormous language models(LLMs)tweaked with execution proficient strategies like LoRA and QLoRA.LangChain takes into consideration fastidious fitting of chatbots to explicit purposes,guaranteeing engaged and important collaborations with clients.RAG’s web scratching capacities engage these chatbots to get to a tremendous store of data,empowering them to give exhaustive and enlightening reactions to requests.This recovered data is then decisively woven into reaction age utilizing LLMs that have been calibrated with an emphasis on execution productivity.This combination approach offers a triple advantage:further developed viability,upgraded client experience,and extended admittance to data.Chatbots become proficient at taking care of client questions precisely and productively,while instructive and logically pertinent reactions make a more regular and drawing in cooperation for clients.At last,web scratching enables chatbots to address a more extensive assortment of requests by conceding them admittance to a more extensive information base.By digging into the complexities of execution proficient LLM calibrating and underlining the basic job of web-scratched information,this examination offers a critical commitment to propelling custom chatbot plan and execution.The subsequent chatbots feature the monstrous capability of these advancements in making enlightening,easy to understand,and effective conversational specialists,eventually changing the manner in which clients cooperate with chatbots.

Resonantly enhanced second-and third-harmonic generation in dielectric nonlinear metasurfaces

Nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces provide a promising approach to control and manipulate frequency conversion optical processes at the nanoscale,thus facilitating both advances in fundamental research and the development of new practical applications in photonics,lasing,and sensing.Here,we employ symmetry-broken metasurfaces made of centrosymmetric amorphous silicon for resonantly enhanced second-and third-order nonlinear optical response.Exploiting the rich physics of optical quasi-bound states in the continuum and guided mode resonances,we comprehensively study through rigorous numerical calculations the relative contribution of surface and bulk effects to second-harmonic generation(SHG)and the bulk contribution to third-harmonic generation(THG) from the meta-atoms.Next,we experimentally achieve optical resonances with high quality factors,which greatly boosts light-matter interaction,resulting in about 550 times SHG enhancement and nearly 5000-fold increase of THG.A good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements is observed.To gain deeper insights into the physics of the investigated nonlinear optical processes,we further numerically study the relation between nonlinear emission and the structural asymmetry of the metasurface and reveal that the generated harmonic signals arising from linear sharp resonances are highly dependent on the asymmetry of the meta-atoms.Our work suggests a fruitful strategy to enhance the harmonic generation and effectively control different orders of harmonics in all-dielectric metasurfaces,enabling the development of efficient active photonic nanodevices.

利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建RAG1基因敲除免疫缺陷猪模型的研究

为了利用显微注射一步法构建RAG1基因敲除的免疫缺陷猪模型,试验利用CRISPR/Cas9技术针对猪的RAG1基因设计并筛选出高效的sgRNA,与体外转录的Cas9 mRNA按照4∶6比例混合后显微注射到猪体外受精的受精卵中,随后将基因编辑的受精卵移植到受体母猪输卵管内;仔猪出生后采集耳缘皮肤组织提取基因组进行PCR扩增、T7核酸内切酶Ⅰ酶切鉴定,以及利用Sanger法测序鉴定编辑后基因型;监测基因敲除的免疫缺陷仔猪在普通环境的生存周期;对死亡的仔猪进行剖检,采集胸腺和脾脏等免疫器官进行组织学分析。结果表明:通过在猪成纤维细胞系水平上进行RAG1基因敲除效率的筛选,筛选出针对猪RAG1基因第2外显子高效敲除的sgRNA序列,通过对猪受精卵胞质显微注射sgRNA和Cas9 mRNA混合物,获得2头RAG1基因敲除免疫缺陷仔猪,经鉴定发现RAG1基因的第2外显子碱基序列中有1 bp插入,造成移码突变,破坏了RAG1基因功能,致使仔猪免疫系统缺陷。出生的2头免疫缺陷仔猪在普通饲养环境的存活时间分别为19 d和33 d。RAG1基因敲除的免疫缺陷仔猪胸腺缺失,脾脏发育不良,无法在正常饲养环境中长时间存活。脾脏结构紊乱,出现炎症细胞浸润等免疫系统异常。说明通过CRISPR/Cas9技术进行显微注射可获得RAG1基因敲除的免疫缺陷猪模型。

In vivo label-free measurement of blood flow velocity symmetry based on dual line scanning third-harmonic generation microscopy excited at the 1700 nm window

Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.

Quantitative effect of kerogen type on the hydrocarbon generation potential of Paleogene lacustrine source rocks,Liaohe Western Depression,China

Kerogen types exert a decisive effect on the onset and capacity of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Lacustrine source rocks in the Liaohe Western Depression are characterized by thick deposition,high total organic carbon(TOC)content,various kerogen types,and a wide range of thermal maturity.Consequently,their hydrocarbon generation potential and resource estimation can be misinterpreted.In this study,geochemical tests,numerical analysis,hydrocarbon generation kinetics,and basin modeling were integrated to investigate the differential effects of kerogen types on the hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine source rocks.Optimized hydrocarbon generation and expulsion(HGE)models of different kerogen types were established quantitatively upon abundant Rock-Eval/TOC/vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))datasets.Three sets of good-excellent source rocks deposited in the fourth(Es4),third(Es3),and first(Es1)members of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,are predominantly types I-II_(1),II_(1)-II_(2),and II-III,respectively.The activation energy of types I-II_(2)kerogen is concentrated(180-230 kcal/mol),whereas that of type III kerogen is widely distributed(150-280 kcal/mol).The original hydrocarbon generation potentials of types I,II_(1),II_(2),and III kerogens are 790,510,270,and 85 mg/g TOC,respectively.The Ro values of the hydrocarbon generation threshold for type I-III source rocks gradually increase from 0.42%to 0.74%,and Ro values of the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold increase from 0.49%to 0.87%.Types I and II_(1)source rocks are characterized by earlier hydrocarbon generation,more rapid hydrocarbon expulsion,and narrower hydrocarbon generation windows than types II_(2)and III source rocks.The kerogen types also affect the HGE history and resource potential.Three types(conventional,tight,and shale oil/gas)and three levels(realistic,expected,and prospective)of hydrocarbon resources of different members in the Liaohe Western Depression are evaluated.Findings suggest that the Es3 member has considerable conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources.This study can quantitatively characterize the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks with different kerogen types,and facilitate a quick and accurate assessment of hydrocarbon resources,providing strategies for future oil and gas exploration.

RagA缺失果蝇的构建及表型分析

【目的】Rag GTPase是真核生物中高度保守的Ras家族蛋白,在调节雷帕霉素靶点复合体1(mechanic target of rapamycin complex 1, mTORC1)活性和自噬等方面发挥重要作用。为了研究Rag GTPase的生理功能,本研究构建了RagA基因编码区缺失的突变黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster,对其表型进行分析。【方法】将靶向RagA基因的gRNA表达质粒导入表达Cas9蛋白的黑腹果蝇中,随后通过PCR方法筛选获得RagA编码区缺失的RagA突变黑腹果蝇;利用遗传杂交的方法对腹果蝇RagA突变体的生殖及存活情况进行分析;利用FLP-FRT系统分别在脂肪体和雌性卵巢中诱导产生RagA突变的细胞克隆,分别分析RagA突变细胞生长和自噬水平的改变。【结果】利用CRISPR-cas9结合显微注射技术成功敲除RagA基因;RagA突变导致黑腹果蝇在胚胎期死亡,在细胞水平上使细胞生长明显降低、细胞内LAMP1和Rab7标记的自噬溶酶体堆积。【结论】本研究验证了RagA基因调节细胞代谢的功能,为进一步利用RagA突变果蝇研究RagA基因在发育中的功能分析和机制解析奠定基础。

Leveraging hierarchical semantic‐emotional memory in emotional conversation generation

Handling emotions in human‐computer dialogues has emerged as a challenging task which requires artificial intelligence systems to generate emotional responses by jointly perceiving the emotion involved in the input posts and incorporating it into the gener-ation of semantically coherent and emotionally reasonable responses.However,most previous works generate emotional responses solely from input posts,which do not take full advantage of the training corpus and suffer from generating generic responses.In this study,we introduce a hierarchical semantic‐emotional memory module for emotional conversation generation(called HSEMEC),which can learn abstract semantic conver-sation patterns and emotional information from the large training corpus.The learnt semantic and emotional knowledge helps to enrich the post representation and assist the emotional conversation generation.Comprehensive experiments on a large real‐world conversation corpus show that HSEMEC can outperform the strong baselines on both automatic and manual evaluation.For reproducibility,we release the code and data publicly at:https://github.com/siat‐nlp/HSEMEC‐code‐data.

Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle for nuclear power generation

The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayton cycle layouts are developed in this study for different reactors to reduce the cost and increase the thermohydraulic performance of nuclear power generation to promote the commercialization of nuclear energy.Parametric analysis,multi-objective optimizations,and four decision-making methods are applied to obtain each Brayton scheme’s optimal thermohydraulic and economic indexes.Results show that for the same design thermal power scale of reactors,the higher the core’s exit temperature,the better the Brayton cycle’s thermo-economic performance.Among the four-cycle layouts,the recompression cycle(RC)has the best overall performance,followed by the simple recuperation cycle(SR)and the intercooling cycle(IC),and the worst is the reheating cycle(RH).However,RH has the lowest total cost of investment(C_(tot))of$1619.85 million,and IC has the lowest levelized cost of energy(LCOE)of 0.012$/(kWh).The nuclear Brayton cycle system’s overall performance has been improved due to optimization.The performance of the molten salt reactor combined with the intercooling cycle(MSR-IC)scheme has the greatest improvement,with the net output power(W_(net)),thermal efficiencyη_(t),and exergy efficiency(η_(e))improved by 8.58%,8.58%,and 11.21%,respectively.The performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor combined with the simple recuperation cycle scheme was optimized to increase C_(tot) by 27.78%.In comparison,the internal rate of return(IRR)increased by only 7.8%,which is not friendly to investors with limited funds.For the nuclear Brayton cycle,the molten salt reactor combined with the recompression cycle scheme should receive priority,and the gas-cooled fast reactor combined with the reheating cycle scheme should be considered carefully.

基于RAG的煤矿安全智能问答模型

面向煤矿安全智能辅助预警决策需求,以瓦斯超限煤矿安全隐患知识为数据源,基于RAG检索增强生成,建立了一种煤矿安全智能问答模型。应用BGE-M3-Embedding、FAISS开源库等方法,构建瓦斯超限煤矿安全文本块的向量数据库,以及检索和生成模块,采用BGE-M3-Embedding模型完成Query文本块向量的检索,召回top-k向量检索的上下文,实现煤矿安全瓦斯超限的相关提问,构建Prompt微调提示词,增强大语言模型生成答案。结果表明,Ragas自动评测Rag检索增强三种大语言模型效果,Baichuan2-13BAR、F忠实度及上下文相关指标最优,分别为0.91、0.83和0.87。搭建煤矿安全辅助决策的智能问答原型,验证了触发瓦斯超限煤矿安全隐患智能辅助决策的实效性、可靠性及迁移性。

Harnessing overlapped temperature-salinity gradient in solar-driven interfacial seawater evaporation for efficient steam and electricity generation

Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation(SIWE)offers a superb way to leverage concentrated solar heat to minimize energy dissipation during seawater desalination.It also engenders overlapped temperaturesalinity gradient(TSG)between water-air interface and adjacent seawater,affording opportunities of harnessing electricity.However,the efficiency of conventional SIWE technologies is limited by significant challenges,including salt passivation to hinder evaporation and difficulties in exploiting overlapped TSG simultaneously.Herein,we report self-sustaining hybrid SIWE for not only sustainable seawater desalination but also efficient electricity generation from TSG.It enables spontaneous circulation of salt flux upon seawater evaporation,inducing a self-cleaning evaporative interface without salt passivation for stable steam generation.Meanwhile,this design enables spatial separation and simultaneous utilization of overlapped TSG to enhance electricity generation.These benefits render a remarkable efficiency of90.8%in solar energy utilization,manifesting in co-generation of solar steam at a fast rate of 2.01 kg m^(-2)-h^(-1)and electricity power of 1.91 W m^(-2)with high voltage.Directly interfacing the hybrid SIWE with seawater electrolyzer constructs a system for water-electricity-hydrogen co-generation without external electricity supply.It produces hydrogen at a rapid rate of 1.29 L h^(-1)m^(-2)and freshwater with 22 times lower Na+concentration than the World Health Organization(WHO)threshold.

Coupled CFD-DEM Numerical Simulation of the Interaction of a Flow-Transported Rag with a Solid Cylinder

A coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method(CFD-DEM)approach is used to calculate the interaction of a flexible rag transported by a fluid current with a fixed solid cylinder.More specifically a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used with the rag being modeled as a set of interconnected particles.The influence of various parameters is considered,namely the inlet velocity(1.5,2.0,and 2.5 m/s,respectively),the angle formed by the initially straight rag with the flow direction(45°,60°and 90°,respectively),and the inlet position(90,100,and 110 mm,respectively).The results show that the flow rate has a significant impact on the permeability of the rag.The higher the flow rate,the higher the permeability and the rag speed difference.The angle has a minor effect on rag permeability,with 45°being the most favorable angle for permeability.The inlet position has a small impact on rag permeability,while reducing the initial distance between the rag an the cylinder makes it easier for rags to pass through.

Identifying multidisciplinary problems from scientific publications based on a text generation method

Purpose:A text generation based multidisciplinary problem identification method is proposed,which does not rely on a large amount of data annotation.Design/methodology/approach:The proposed method first identifies the research objective types and disciplinary labels of papers using a text classification technique;second,it generates abstractive titles for each paper based on abstract and research objective types using a generative pre-trained language model;third,it extracts problem phrases from generated titles according to regular expression rules;fourth,it creates problem relation networks and identifies the same problems by exploiting a weighted community detection algorithm;finally,it identifies multidisciplinary problems based on the disciplinary labels of papers.Findings:Experiments in the“Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”field show that the proposed method can effectively identify multidisciplinary research problems.The disciplinary distribution of the identified problems is consistent with our understanding of multidisciplinary collaboration in the field.Research limitations:It is necessary to use the proposed method in other multidisciplinary fields to validate its effectiveness.Practical implications:Multidisciplinary problem identification helps to gather multidisciplinary forces to solve complex real-world problems for the governments,fund valuable multidisciplinary problems for research management authorities,and borrow ideas from other disciplines for researchers.Originality/value:This approach proposes a novel multidisciplinary problem identification method based on text generation,which identifies multidisciplinary problems based on generative abstractive titles of papers without data annotation required by standard sequence labeling techniques.